Ingrid Schoon
Biographic Data
| ID | 222955 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ingrid Schoon |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ingrid |
| FAMILY NAME | Schoon |
| SIGNATURE | SCHOON I |
| AFFILIATIONS | University College London |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4262-3711 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 77 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 446 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 74 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Divided paths: Longitudinal impact of school tracking on self-esteem, life satisfaction, and status attainment
Between-school tracking provides students with tailored educational pathways but also fosters social comparison. According to the Basking in Reflected Glory Effect (BIRGE), students internalise the social perceptions of their assigned educational track, influencing their self-esteem and subsequent outcomes. Drawing on this framework, this study examined associations among track allocation, students’ self-esteem, life satisfaction, and subsequent …
They Hold Me Back: The Dynamic Interplay of Parental Discouragement of Exploration, Parental Metaemotion and Adolescent's Sense of Agency
INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a critical developmental period characterized by increasing needs for autonomy and identity exploration. However, limited research has examined how adolescents perceived parental discouragement of exploration over time. METHODS: = 15.47, SD = 0.63) and their parents participated across three assessment waves over 18 months. Adolescents (72.3% female, 27.7% male) reported on maternal and paternal discouragement of expl…
Educational aspirations and inequality in an expanding higher education system: Evidence from South Korea
Educational aspirations are recognised as crucial mediators between social origins and educational attainment, yet their role may have evolved as higher education systems expand and become internally stratified. This study examines how educational aspirations mediate socioeconomic inequality in higher education participation during a period of massive expansion in South Korea, analysing three birth cohorts (born between 1956 and 1986) who encount…
Transgenerational transmission of trauma. Heterogeneity in the experiences of mothers who experienced out-of-home care (OHC) and adjustment of their children
Original evidence on the heterogeneity in adult adjustment of mothers with OHC experience. • About a third of mothers with OHC experience demonstrate resilience across domains. • Another third of OHC experienced mothers report high economic and mental health problems. • About one on four of mothers with OHC face mainly economic problems. • Children of resilient mothers with OHC experience are doing ok academically. • Yet there is also evidence to…
Parental childhood factors as mediators of multigenerational socioeconomic and psychosocial risks: A cohort study of three generations
Previous research has begun to unravel the mechanisms by which multiple factors in the parental generation link grandparental socioeconomic disadvantages to grandchild psychiatric disorders. This study aims to further disentangle such multigenerational mechanisms by exploring the role of parental childhood factors. We utilized a three-generational cohort study design with data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study. The sample in…
The Covid ‐19 pandemic and young people's civic engagement: A scoping review
This scoping review summarizes evidence regarding the impact of civic and community engagement of young people during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Recognizing that the global pandemic not only brought challenges but also new opportunities to take a stance and to actively engage in communities and society, this review assesses the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on young people's civic engagement across different cultural contexts and identifies key fac…
Socio‐Economic and Gender Differences in Post‐Secondary Pathways in the UK, Germany, and Australia
This study investigates variations in school‐to‐work transitions (SWTs) by socio‐economic status (SES), gender, and socio‐cultural context. Leveraging data from three nationally representative longitudinal panel studies, we compare the experiences of young people coming of age in the 21st century (2011 to 2023) in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia. We examine the role of different support systems that scaffold the SWT process along vario…
Revisiting the Mental Health Impact of Covid-19 on Young Adults in the UK: Long-Term Trends, Temporary Setbacks, and Recovery
This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of 16- to 29-year-olds in the United Kingdom, using longitudinal data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) and its predecessor, covering the period from 2001 to 2023. The study identifies the causal effects of the lockdown (April 2020–March 2021) and the post-lockdown period (April 2021–March 2022) by estimating counterfactual mental health trajectories based…
Adolescent sense of personal agency: Exploring gendered perspectives on parental and peers attachments
Sense of personal agency (SPA) is crucial for adolescents' psychosocial adjustment and well-being. The relationships with parents and peers, as well as the adolescent's sex, have been suggested as important correlates of adolescents' SPA. Nevertheless, no prior study has adopted a gender perspective to analyze how the intertwining of relationships between parents and peers relates to adolescent's sense of agency. The current study investigates wh…
Adolescents' Future Expectations During High School: Examining the Role of Close Relationships, Psychosocial Risk and Sex in Stability and Change
This study examined the stability/change trajectories of future expectations during high school, analyzing whether adolescents' sex, attachment to parents and peers, multiple risk, and pandemic-related stress explained these trajectories. The sample included 467 Portuguese adolescents, assessed three times across 18 months. Results revealed that adolescents' future expectations increased significantly over time. We observed significant inter-part…
Adolescents' digital lives: Introduction to the special issue
In Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, non-government organizations (NGOs) play a pivotal role in the planning and provision of social services. With the government's emphasis on accountability, output control and cost-effectiveness in the delivery of services, NGOs need information to measure their activities, link their inputs with outputs, and facilitate accomplishing their goals. This research inv…
Mental health and educational attainment: How developmental stage matters
Developmental science suggests that the consequences of mental health problems for life-course outcomes may depend on the timing of their onset. This study investigated the extent to which mental health predicted educational attainment at ages 17, 20, and 25 and whether gender moderated the links between mental health and educational attainment. It used data from Next Steps, a nationally representative panel survey of individuals born in 1989/199…
Intergenerational transmission of educational disadvantage: Education progression of children of care leavers compared to a general population sample
There is persistent evidence showing that care leavers tend to have lower educational outcomes compared to their peers. There is, however, less knowledge of whether this educational disadvantage transfers to the second generation. This study adopts a developmental contextual life‐course approach to examine: (a) the extent of educational inequality of children of care leavers from school entry to public examinations at age 16; (b) the relative rol…
Is Academic Agency Relevant for the School-to-Work Transition of Lower Attainers? Evidence from Canada and England
Stability and Change in Adolescents’ Sense of Agency: Contributions of Sex, Multiple Risk, Pandemic Stress, and Attachment to Parents
Although literature states that individual, relational, and contextual factors contribute to adolescents’ sense of agency, more research is needed to clarify and understand how adolescents develop this belief over time. The current study examined the stability/change trajectories of the sense of agency during adolescence, specifically across high school, analyzing whether attachment to parents over time, adolescents’ sex, cumulative risk in basel…
The long-term benefits of adolescent school engagement for adult educational and employment outcomes
School engagement in adolescence is often associated with better academic performance at school, but what are the longitudinal associations between school engagement and adult educational and employment status? The current study explored these longitudinal associations using data spanning 40-years of life, from the 1970 British Cohort Study. School engagement at age 16-years was used to predict highest educational level at age 34-years, and socio…
Beyond college for all: Portrait of rapid and successful school-to-work transitions among vulnerable youth
For noncollege-bound youth, swiftly finding a satisfying job upon exiting compulsory schooling might support adjustment. Yet, youths' own job perceptions have rarely been considered in school-to-work transition research. Sequence analysis of monthly occupational status over 4 years (ages 16-20) in a low socioeconomic status Canadian sample overrepresenting academically-vulnerable youth ( N = 386; 50% male; 23% visible minority) generated five sch…
Social Inequalities in Young People's Mental Distress During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Do Psychosocial Resource Factors Matter
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected young people aged 16–25 years and has brought about a major increase in mental health problems. Although there is persisting evidence regarding SES differences in mental health status, there is still little knowledge of the processes linking SES to young people's mental health, in particular during the current pandemic. Guided by a stress process model this study examines the role of different psy…
Perceived effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on educational progress and the learning of job skills: New evidence on young adults in the United Kingdom
We present new evidence on the pandemic’s effects on youth, for the first time focusing on perceived effects on the learning of job skills, as well as on education. The context is post-Brexit Britain. We find that 47% of young people in a representative sample perceive a loss of learning of job skills, while a sizeable minority (17%) judge that the pandemic improved matters. The perception of skill loss is worse among those encountering Covid dir…
Time trend analysis of social inequalities in psychological distress among young adults before and during the pandemic: Evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study Covid-19 waves
BACKGROUND: Despite concerns about mental health problems among those aged 16-24 in England, which social groups have been most at risk, both over the past decade and during the COVID-19 pandemic, remains unclear. METHODS: We examined trends in psychological distress among young adults 16-24 years old in England using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Using longitudinal data as repeated cross-sectional waves, we examined differences …
Living with Covid-19: Subjective Well-Being in the Second Phase of the Pandemic
While there is ample evidence of the decline in mental health among youth during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, less is known about the determinants of recovery, which is the focus of this study. Drawing on a stress process framework, this study examines the associations of changes in direct, pandemic-related, and indirect, lockdown-related stressors with life satisfaction. A novel representative, longitudinal sample of British 16–25-year-ol…
Making it against the odds: How individual and parental co‐agency predict educational mobility
INTRODUCTION: This study examines the role of individual agency and parental co-agency as resource factors enabling educational mobility (university enrolment and degree completion) among first-generation students. METHODS: The study is based on Next Steps, a nationally representative cohort of UK students. Path models were run, linking different dimensions of agency assessed at age 13/14 to educational attainment by age 25/26, controlling for ac…
Self‐control in early childhood: Individual differences in sensitivity to early parenting
OBJECTIVE: This study extends existing research on the role of infant temperament as a moderator of the association between the quality of parent-child relationships and children's self-control during the pre-school years. In particular, we focus on the potential moderating role of a dimension of early infant temperament known as behavioral inhibition. Assumptions formulated within the diathesis-stress, the vantage-sensitivity, and the differenti…
Has the distribution of smoking across young adult transition milestones changed over the past 20 years? Evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study (1996) and Next Steps (2015–16)
Despite considerable changes in smoking and the transition to adulthood over the past two decades, the distribution of smoking at ages 25-26 across transition milestones has been relatively stable during this time period in Great Britain
Social inequalities in early childhood competences, and the relative role of social and emotional versus cognitive skills in predicting adult outcomes
This study draws on the nationally representative British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine (1) the association between social background and early socio‐emotional and cognitive competences at age 5 and (2) the relative and independent contributions of early socio‐emotional and cognitive competences to educational and socio‐economic attainment in adulthood. A multi‐dimensional (multiple exposure, multiple outcome) approach is adopted in conce…
Determinants of political trust: A lifetime learning model
This article addresses questions regarding the origins of individual variations in political trust. Using 2 prospective longitudinal studies, we examine the associations between family background, general cognitive ability (g) and school motivation at early age, educational and occupational attainment in adulthood, and political trust measured in early and mid-adulthood in 2 large representative samples of the British population born in 1958 (N =…
Diverse pathways in becoming an adult: The role of structure, agency and context
Risk and Resilience in the Life Course: Implications for Interventions and Social Policies
It is now increasingly recognized that youth research needs to pay at least as much attention to the development of competences, resources, skills, and assets as to the emergence of disadvantage and risk. This paper summarizes recent developments in theory and research on resilience, a construct describing positive adaptation in the face of adversity, and explores possible applications of the theoretical advances and empirical findings to the dev…
Care leavers in early adulthood: How do they fare in Britain, Finland and Germany
Social inequality in educational achievement and psychosocial adjustment throughout childhood: Magnitude and Mechanisms
Achievement, agency, gender, and socioeconomic background as predictors of postschool choices: A multicontext study
In this article, the authors develop and test a differential effects model of university entry versus major selection using a set of common predictors, including background factors (gender and socioeconomic status), academic achievement, and academic self-concept. The research used data from 2 large longitudinal databases from Germany (N = 5,048) and England (N = 15,995) to explore the generalizability of the hypothesized model in 2 cultural cont…
Mental ability across childhood in relation to risk factors for premature mortality in adult life: The 1970 British Cohort Study
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of scores on tests of mental ability across childhood with established risk factors for premature mortality at the age of 30 years. METHODS: A prospective cohort study based on members of the British Cohort Study born in Great Britain in 1970 who had complete data on IQ scores at five (N = 8203) or 10 (N = 8171) years of age and risk factors at age 30 years. RESULTS: In sex-adjusted analyses, higher IQ score at …
Socio-economic adversity and psychosocial adjustment: A Developmental-Contextual Perspective
Socioeconomic Adversity, Educational Resilience, and Subsequent Levels of Adult Adaptation
The aim of this article is to determine the extent to which individual, family, and contextual resources influence the school adjustment of 16-year-old teenagers and to investigate their consequent adult attainments at age 33. Adopting a longitudinal perspective, the experiences of more than 9,000 socially advantaged and disadvantaged young people are compared. The study shows that socioeconomic adversity is a significant risk factor for educatio…
Beyond Transitions: Applying Optimal Matching Analysis to Life Course Research
Life course researchers have increasingly explored optimal matching analysis (OMA) as a tool for the analysis of sequences, such as sections of people’s status biographies. OMA is usually employed in combination with cluster analysis (CA) to create classifications of sequences. In this article, we introduce an analytic strategy that allows assessing the classification’s internal validity. Using ideal typical sequence representations, we test diff…
A Multination Study of Socioeconomic Inequality in Expectations for Progression to Higher Education: The Role of Between-School Tracking and Ability Stratification
Persistent inequalities in educational expectations across societies are a growing concern. Recent research has explored the extent to which inequalities in education are due to primary effects (i.e., achievement differentials) versus secondary effects (i.e., choice behaviors net of achievement). We explore educational expectations in order to consider whether variations in primary and secondary effects are associated with country variation in cu…
Family hardship, family instability, and cognitive development
BACKGROUND: Associations between the characteristics of the family environment, in particular poverty and family structure, and cognitive development are well established, yet little is known about the role of timing and accumulation of risk in early childhood. The aim of this paper is to assess the associations between income poverty, family instability and cognitive development in early childhood. In particular, it tests the relative role of fa…
Who becomes an entrepreneur? Early life experiences as predictors of entrepreneurship
Taking a longitudinal perspective, we tested a developmental-contextual model of entrepreneurship in a nationally representative sample. Following the lives of 6,116 young people in the 1970 British Birth Cohort from birth to age 34, we examined the role of socioeconomic background, parental role models, academic ability, social skills, and self-concepts as well as entrepreneurial intention expressed during adolescence as predictors of entreprene…
Transitions from school to work in a changing social context
Can Locus of Control Compensate for Socioeconomic Adversity in the Transition from School to Work
Internal locus of control is associated with academic success and indicators of wellbeing in youth. There is however less understanding regarding the role of locus of control in shaping the transition from school to work beyond the more widely studied predictors of socioeconomic background and academic attainment. Guided by a socio-ecological model of agency, the current study examines to which extent internal locus of control, understood as an i…
Can Lifelong Learning Reshape Life Chances
Despite the expansion of post-school education and incentives to participate in lifelong learning, institutions and labour markets continue to interlock in shaping life chances according to starting social position, family and private resources. The dominant view that the economic and social returns to public investment in adult learning are too low to warrant large-scale public funding has been challenged by recent LLAKES research that shows sig…
Uncertain aspirations for continuing in education: Antecedents and associated outcomes
Relatively little is known about adolescents who hold uncertain aspirations, that is, those who do not know what they would like to do in the future regarding their educational or occupational plans. Drawing upon the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England born in 1989-1990, the authors tested a pathway model to investigate the antecedents of uncertain aspirations for continuing in education past compulsory schooling age (i.e., 16 years) an…
Childhood Mental Ability and Adult Alcohol Intake and Alcohol Problems: The 1970 British Cohort Study
Objectives. We examined the potential relation of mental ability test scores at age 10 years with alcohol problems and alcohol intake at age 30 years. Methods. We used data from a prospective observational study involving 8170 members of a birth cohort from Great Britain born in 1970. Data included mental ability scores at age 10 years and responses to inquiries about alcohol intake and problems at age 30 years. Results. After adjustment for pote…
Educational resilience in later life: Resources and assets in adolescence and return to education after leaving school at age 16
Can Individual Agency Compensate for Background Disadvantage? Predicting Tertiary Educational Attainment among Males and Females
Adolescent agency has been identified as a central aspect in the study of social mobility and status attainment. There is however still a lack of understanding of (a) how different SES dimensions influence the expression of multiple dimensions of agency; (b) the interplay of SES and adolescent agency in shaping adult outcomes; and (c) variations in these associations by gender. Focusing on educational mobility, this study adopts a multiple exposu…
A fish out of water?' The therapeutic narratives of class change
Young people from working class backgrounds remained mostly excluded from the widening educational participation which characterised postwar Britain. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews which were part of a wider study about 'Social Participation and Identity' (2008-2009), this article explores the unusual learning trajectories of a group of working class adults born in 1958, who participated in higher education (HE) in a context where most pe…
Social inequalities in early childhood competences, and the relative role of social and emotional versus cognitive skills in predicting adult outcomes
This study draws on the nationally representative British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine (1) the association between social background and early socio‐emotional and cognitive competences at age 5 and (2) the relative and independent contributions of early socio‐emotional and cognitive competences to educational and socio‐economic attainment in adulthood. A multi‐dimensional (multiple exposure, multiple outcome) approach is adopted in conce…
Developmental Trajectories of Conduct Problems and Cumulative Risk from Early Childhood to Adolescence
Pathways into and out of conduct problems differ by circumstances experienced since infancy. There is a research gap in understanding how these developmental patterns vary according to the timing and persistence of risk and whether there are differences across ecological domains. This study examines variations in trajectories of conduct problems between ages 3 to 14 years and associated child, family and socio-economic risk factors from ages 9 mo…
Family and Nonfamily Role Configurations in Two British Cohorts
The aim of this paper is to examine variations in the combination of social roles during times of social change. We specify a latent class approach to examine role configurations for individuals in their early 30s, establishing a typology of how work- and family-related roles combine within individuals born 12 years apart and examine their antecedents. Drawing on data collected for two British Birth Cohorts born in 1958 (N= 10,706) and 1970 (N= 1…
Will closing the achievement gap solve the problem? An analysis of primary and secondary effects for indigenous university entry
Effective intervention into educational inequalities is dependent on having an accurate understanding of the factors which predict it. Research on the educational attainment gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth in Australia has typically focused on closing the academic achievement gap in the hope that this will resolve the issue. However, recent research is beginning to find that Indigenous youth also have significantly different choic…
Mapping variety in public understanding of science
We analyse around 15 000 responses from 11 countries to the open survey question `please tell me in your own words, what does it mean to study something scientifically' in order to show cultural diversity in public representations of science. In past studies this question has been coded on a five-point rating scale that is used to rank scientific literacy across different countries. We develop, apply and evaluate an alternative coding frame. We s…
Teenage job aspirations and career attainment in adulthood: A 17-year follow-up study of teenagers who aspired to become scientists, health professionals, or engineers
A longitudinal perspective was taken to investigate the predictive validity of teenage job aspirations, and the relative impact of individual and contextual factors on the formulation and realisation of career aspirations at age 16. The follow-up study of a nationally representative cohort of 7649 individuals born in the United Kingdom showed that teenage job aspirations predict specific occupational attainments in adulthood. Job aspirations expr…
Transitions from school to work in a changing social context
Teenage Aspirations for Future Careers and Occupational Outcomes
Competence in the face of adversity: The influence of early family environment and long‐term consequences
This paper investigates family characteristics that enable children to achieve competence despite being exposed to socio‐economic adversity, and analyses the long‐term outcomes of this positive adaptation. The main finding is that the protective factors that modify the impact of adversity are context specific, and show age as well as period effects. Positive adaptation during early childhood has long‐term consequences, yet resilient young people …
Social inequality in educational achievement and psychosocial adjustment throughout childhood: Magnitude and Mechanisms
Risk and Resilience in the Life Course: Implications for Interventions and Social Policies
It is now increasingly recognized that youth research needs to pay at least as much attention to the development of competences, resources, skills, and assets as to the emergence of disadvantage and risk. This paper summarizes recent developments in theory and research on resilience, a construct describing positive adaptation in the face of adversity, and explores possible applications of the theoretical advances and empirical findings to the dev…
Socio-economic adversity and psychosocial adjustment: A Developmental-Contextual Perspective
Socioeconomic Adversity, Educational Resilience, and Subsequent Levels of Adult Adaptation
The aim of this article is to determine the extent to which individual, family, and contextual resources influence the school adjustment of 16-year-old teenagers and to investigate their consequent adult attainments at age 33. Adopting a longitudinal perspective, the experiences of more than 9,000 socially advantaged and disadvantaged young people are compared. The study shows that socioeconomic adversity is a significant risk factor for educatio…
Risk and Resilience: Adaptations in Changing Times
What factors enable individuals to overcome adverse childhoods and move on to rewarding lives in adulthood? Drawing on data collected from two of Britain's richest research resources for the study of human development, the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study, this 2006 book investigates the phenomenon of 'resilience' - the ability to adjust positively to adverse conditions. Comparing the experiences of over 30,…
Mental ability across childhood in relation to risk factors for premature mortality in adult life: The 1970 British Cohort Study
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of scores on tests of mental ability across childhood with established risk factors for premature mortality at the age of 30 years. METHODS: A prospective cohort study based on members of the British Cohort Study born in Great Britain in 1970 who had complete data on IQ scores at five (N = 8203) or 10 (N = 8171) years of age and risk factors at age 30 years. RESULTS: In sex-adjusted analyses, higher IQ score at …
Educational resilience in later life: Resources and assets in adolescence and return to education after leaving school at age 16
Beyond Transitions: Applying Optimal Matching Analysis to Life Course Research
Life course researchers have increasingly explored optimal matching analysis (OMA) as a tool for the analysis of sequences, such as sections of people’s status biographies. OMA is usually employed in combination with cluster analysis (CA) to create classifications of sequences. In this article, we introduce an analytic strategy that allows assessing the classification’s internal validity. Using ideal typical sequence representations, we test diff…
Childhood Mental Ability and Adult Alcohol Intake and Alcohol Problems: The 1970 British Cohort Study
Objectives. We examined the potential relation of mental ability test scores at age 10 years with alcohol problems and alcohol intake at age 30 years. Methods. We used data from a prospective observational study involving 8170 members of a birth cohort from Great Britain born in 1970. Data included mental ability scores at age 10 years and responses to inquiries about alcohol intake and problems at age 30 years. Results. After adjustment for pote…
The Sociocultural Adaptation of Polish Brides in the Netherlands: Marital and Occupational Status
The present study examines sociocultural adjustment of Polish marriage immigrants in the Netherlands. By comparing 108 female marriage immigrants to a similar group of 68 women, who immigrated for reasons other than marriage, we study the role of marriage to the Dutch spouse in the process of sociocultural adaptation. Overall, marriage immigrants showed better sociocultural adaptation than their non-marital counterparts as reflected in higher flu…
Transitions from School to Work: Globalization, Individualization, and Patterns of Diversity
This volume made an important contribution to the growing literature on the transition from school to work. It provides a different perspective on the global changes that have transformed school-to-work transitions since the 1970s; offers an integrative conceptual framework for analysis; and promotes a comparative, cross-national understanding of school-to-work transitions in a changing social context. The articles assembled in this volume compar…
Family and Nonfamily Role Configurations in Two British Cohorts
The aim of this paper is to examine variations in the combination of social roles during times of social change. We specify a latent class approach to examine role configurations for individuals in their early 30s, establishing a typology of how work- and family-related roles combine within individuals born 12 years apart and examine their antecedents. Drawing on data collected for two British Birth Cohorts born in 1958 (N= 10,706) and 1970 (N= 1…
Career success: The role of teenage career aspirations, ambition value and gender in predicting adult social status and earnings
Social status, cognitive ability, and educational attainment as predictors of liberal social attitudes and political trust
Sequelae of Prospective versus Retrospective Reports of Adverse Childhood Experiences
Retrospective assessment of adverse childhood experiences is widely used in research, although there are concerns about its validity. In particular, recall bias is assumed to produce significant artifacts. Data from a longitudinal cohort (the British National Child Development Study; N=7710) and the retrospective Mainz Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (N=1062, Germany) were compared on 10 adverse childhood experiences and psychological adjustm…
Teenage career aspirations and adult career attainment: The role of gender, social background and general cognitive ability
In this paper we examine the associations between gender, family background, general cognitive ability (g), teenage career aspirations, and career attainment in mid adulthood drawing on two large representative samples of the British population born in 1958 (N = 6,474) and in 1970 (N = 5,081). A developmental-contextual model of career development is tested, using Structural Equation Modelling to map the pathways linking early experiences to adul…
Long-term Outcomes for Children with Early Language Problems: Beating the Odds
Using the 1970 British Cohort Study, this study examines factors promoting positive language development and subsequent successful education and employment transitions among children showing early receptive language problems (age 5). We find that 61 per cent of children with early receptive language problems develop into competent readers by age 10. Factors promoting positive language development include parental support and more importantly a go…
Determinants of political trust: A lifetime learning model
This article addresses questions regarding the origins of individual variations in political trust. Using 2 prospective longitudinal studies, we examine the associations between family background, general cognitive ability (g) and school motivation at early age, educational and occupational attainment in adulthood, and political trust measured in early and mid-adulthood in 2 large representative samples of the British population born in 1958 (N =…
Social Competencies in Childhood and Adolescence and Entrepreneurship in Young Adulthood: A Two-study Analysis
Contributing to the literature on early precursors of entrepreneurship, this study investigated the role of early social competencies for an entrepreneurial career choice and entrepreneurial success in young adulthood. We utilized data from the British Cohort Study and the Thuringian Founder Study (Germany), thereby comparing results across countries, study designs (e.g., retrospective vs. prospective), and concepts of early social competencies a…
Family hardship, family instability, and cognitive development
BACKGROUND: Associations between the characteristics of the family environment, in particular poverty and family structure, and cognitive development are well established, yet little is known about the role of timing and accumulation of risk in early childhood. The aim of this paper is to assess the associations between income poverty, family instability and cognitive development in early childhood. In particular, it tests the relative role of fa…
Psychology (64 works) · Sociology (51 works) · Developmental psychology (45 works) · Social Psychology (45 works) · Demography (34 works) · Medicine (28 works) · Political science (26 works) · Population (26 works) · Socioeconomic status (26 works) · Youth Education and Societal Dynamics (25 works)