Daniel Karell
Biographic Data
| ID | 228271 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Daniel Karell |
| GIVEN NAMES | Daniel |
| FAMILY NAME | Karell |
| SIGNATURE | KARELL D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Yale University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6709-6535 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 97 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Generating the Past: How Artificial Intelligence Summaries of Historical Events Affect Knowledge
Many people now use AI chatbots to obtain summaries of complex topics, yet we know little about how this affects knowledge acquisition, including how the effects might vary across different groups of people. We conducted two experiments comparing how well people recalled factual information after reading AI-generated or human-written historical summaries. Participants who read AI-generated summaries scored significantly higher on knowledge tests …
Synthetic duality: A framework for analyzing generative artificial intelligence's representation of social reality
Building belonging and evoking identity through bodily adornment: Pendants from the Ortiz site, south-western Puerto Rico
As a means for both the construction and communication of social identity in diverse human groups worldwide, objects of personal adornment can help to explain some prehistoric lifeways and beliefs. This study examines the materials and manufacture traces of whole and fragmentary pendants found in association with human burials at the Early Period (c. 4200 cal BC-cal AD 250) Ortiz site in south-western Puerto Rico. Using data from microscopy, elem…
Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence into Social Science Research: Measurement, Prompting, and Simulation
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) offers new capabilities for analyzing data, creating synthetic media, and simulating realistic social interactions. This essay introduces a special issue that examines how these and other affordances of generative AI can advance social science research. We discuss three core themes that appear across the contributed articles: rigorous measurement and validation of AI-generated outputs, optimizing model perf…
Does Information Improve the Experience of Pursuing Labor Migration? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Pakistan
A large literature on international labor migration explores how to improve low-skilled migrants’ experience of pursuing and obtaining overseas employment. Much of this scholarship focuses on describing and mitigating difficult, and sometimes exploitative, conditions in the host country. Scholars have paid less attention to factors in home countries that may affect aspiring migrants’ experience of looking for overseas work. We help address this g…
Pathways to prosocial leadership: An Online Experiment on the Effects of External Subsidies and the Relative Price of Giving
Leaders are a part of virtually every group and organization, and while they help solve the various collective action problems that groups face, they can also be unprincipled and incompetent, pursuing their own interests over those of the group. What types of circumstances foster prosocial leadership and motivate leaders to pursue group interests? In a modified dictator game (N = 798), we examine the effects of piece-rate subsidies (or pay per un…
Emotions and the ‘truths’ of contentious politics: Advances in research on emotions, knowledge and contemporary contentious politics
In a world of multiple crises -the heating of the planet, public health emergencies, economic meltdowns, sociopolitical polarisation and so on -truth is often politicised and then weaponised for political gain.This 'post-truth' rhetoric currently seems so prevalent that many of us now avoid debating reasonable questions about politics, policy and society.The rhetoric has also led to increasing questions about the role and importance of expertise …
Salvation into Nation: Topic Modeling Early Modern Economic Writings
Early modern economic thought is often left out of histories of economic thought, but it was an important inflection point in the development of the modern science of economics. Using network clustering and topic modeling, this research describes the subjects covered in the economic literature of the early modern era and how they change over time using a sample of 2,353 economics texts written from 1550 to 1700s. Topic modeling of the corpus prod…
Born for a Storm: Hard-Right Social Media and Civil Unrest
Does activity on hard-right social media lead to hard-right civil unrest? If so, why? We created a spatial panel dataset comprising hard-right social media use and incidents of unrest across the United States from January 2020 through January 2021. Using spatial regression analyses with core-based statistical area (CBSA) and month fixed effects, we find that greater CBSA-level hard-right social media activity in a given month is associated with a…
How Symbols Influence Social Media Discourse: An Embedding Regression Analysis of Trump's Return to Twitter
How does social media content affect users' online discourse? Existing scholarship sheds light on how several social media features involving content can influence users' speech. However, this research often conflates content's lexical dimension with its symbolic dimension. The authors analyze how the symbolic properties of online content can distinctly affect discourse on social media. Specifically, they examine how the symbolic meanings conveye…
Analyzing Text and Images in Digital Communication: The Case of Securitization in American White Supremacist Online Discourse
Sociological research on online discourse increasingly uses digital data consisting of messages combining multiple modes of media, with meaning arising from contents' interaction across modes. Yet, techniques to study this interplay are underdeveloped relative to the toolkit for analyzing solely texts. The authors introduce an automated approach for relationally analyzing texts and images, focusing on how to examine the discursive meaning emergin…
Small town propaganda: The content and emotions of politicized digital local news in the United States
Dynamics of immobility: Capability conversion among aspiring migrants in Pakistan
What are the costs of attempting to migrate internationally for work but being deterred by unexpected changes in states’ policies? Building on recent insights into involuntary immobility, I examine immobility's financial consequences, including how these consequences vary across levels of household wealth. Drawing on an original panel survey of 70 aspiring Pakistani labour migrants and their heads of household, I find that poorer households more …
Language Models in Sociological Research: An Application to Classifying Large Administrative Data and Measuring Religiosity
Computational methods have become widespread in the social sciences, but probabilistic language models remain relatively underused. We introduce language models to a general social science readership. First, we offer an accessible explanation of language models, detailing how they estimate the probability of a piece of language, such as a word or sentence, on the basis of the linguistic context. Second, we apply language models in an illustrative…
Shellfish Collection Practices of the First Inhabitants of Southwestern Puerto Rico: The Effects of Site Type and Paleoenvironment on Habitat Choice
After decades of study, much remains unknown about the foraging practices of the earliest inhabitants of Puerto Rico. Here, we present an analysis of the malacological assemblages of two neighboring and (partially) contemporary early sites from the island's southwest, finding intriguing intersite differences in shellfish collection practices. We attribute this diversity to differences in site type, chronology, or changes in local coastal configur…
Sociocultural mechanisms of conflict: Combining topic and stochastic actor-oriented models in an analysis of Afghanistan, 1979-2001
Rhetorics of Radicalism
What rhetorics run throughout radical discourse, and why do some gain prominence over others? The scholarship on radicalism largely portrays radical discourse as opposition to powerful ideas and enemies, but radicals often evince great interest in personal and local concerns. To shed light on how radicals use and adopt rhetoric, we analyze an original corpus of more than 23,000 pages produced by Afghan radical groups between 1979 and 2001 using a…
Radicalization by Kevin McDonald
A large body of scholarship seeks to explain why individuals radicalize. This work has invoked a range of factors, from psychological predispositions and beliefs (Victoroff 2005) to broad societal changes, like industrialization (Calhoun 2012) and urbanization (Neuhouser 1989). Recent research, however, increasingly finds radicalization to be a social process shaped by personal networks (Nielsen 2017; Rink and Sharma 2018; Sageman 2004) and local…
Aid, exclusion, and the local dynamics of insurgency in Afghanistan
Can developmental aid bring peace to war-torn communities? The current literature is divided on this issue. One line of reasoning suggests that aid is likely to decrease violence by improving employment and prosperity, thereby making participation in conflict more costly. Another view cites evidence showing an association between aid projects and increased insurgent activity. Addressing this contradiction, we argue that different types of aid pro…
Local peace and contemporary conflict: Constructing commonality and exclusion during war in Afghanistan
Fifteenth Anniversary of September 11, 2001: Ethnicity and Nationalism in Afghanistan in the Post‐2001 Era
Hyphenated Turkishness: The plurality of lived nationhood in Turkey
Is Turkish nationality one singular identity that does not permit ethnic modifiers? Or can it be understood as pluralistic, with identities nested — “hyphenated” — with Turkishness? Then, are Turkish and Kurdish identities necessarily mutually exclusive? Such questions over the boundaries of Turkishness have long been framed in the civic versus ethnic dichotomy — an approach that does not ask whether Turkish nationhood is monolithic or pluralisti…
Narrative Networks
Introduction: Minorities, Law, and Belonging
Introduction: New Directions in the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Gulf States
Rhetorics of Radicalism
What rhetorics run throughout radical discourse, and why do some gain prominence over others? The scholarship on radicalism largely portrays radical discourse as opposition to powerful ideas and enemies, but radicals often evince great interest in personal and local concerns. To shed light on how radicals use and adopt rhetoric, we analyze an original corpus of more than 23,000 pages produced by Afghan radical groups between 1979 and 2001 using a…
Born for a Storm: Hard-Right Social Media and Civil Unrest
Does activity on hard-right social media lead to hard-right civil unrest? If so, why? We created a spatial panel dataset comprising hard-right social media use and incidents of unrest across the United States from January 2020 through January 2021. Using spatial regression analyses with core-based statistical area (CBSA) and month fixed effects, we find that greater CBSA-level hard-right social media activity in a given month is associated with a…
Language Models in Sociological Research: An Application to Classifying Large Administrative Data and Measuring Religiosity
Computational methods have become widespread in the social sciences, but probabilistic language models remain relatively underused. We introduce language models to a general social science readership. First, we offer an accessible explanation of language models, detailing how they estimate the probability of a piece of language, such as a word or sentence, on the basis of the linguistic context. Second, we apply language models in an illustrative…
Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence into Social Science Research: Measurement, Prompting, and Simulation
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) offers new capabilities for analyzing data, creating synthetic media, and simulating realistic social interactions. This essay introduces a special issue that examines how these and other affordances of generative AI can advance social science research. We discuss three core themes that appear across the contributed articles: rigorous measurement and validation of AI-generated outputs, optimizing model perf…
Analyzing Text and Images in Digital Communication: The Case of Securitization in American White Supremacist Online Discourse
Sociological research on online discourse increasingly uses digital data consisting of messages combining multiple modes of media, with meaning arising from contents' interaction across modes. Yet, techniques to study this interplay are underdeveloped relative to the toolkit for analyzing solely texts. The authors introduce an automated approach for relationally analyzing texts and images, focusing on how to examine the discursive meaning emergin…
Aid, exclusion, and the local dynamics of insurgency in Afghanistan
Can developmental aid bring peace to war-torn communities? The current literature is divided on this issue. One line of reasoning suggests that aid is likely to decrease violence by improving employment and prosperity, thereby making participation in conflict more costly. Another view cites evidence showing an association between aid projects and increased insurgent activity. Addressing this contradiction, we argue that different types of aid pro…
How Symbols Influence Social Media Discourse: An Embedding Regression Analysis of Trump's Return to Twitter
How does social media content affect users' online discourse? Existing scholarship sheds light on how several social media features involving content can influence users' speech. However, this research often conflates content's lexical dimension with its symbolic dimension. The authors analyze how the symbolic properties of online content can distinctly affect discourse on social media. Specifically, they examine how the symbolic meanings conveye…
Dynamics of immobility: Capability conversion among aspiring migrants in Pakistan
What are the costs of attempting to migrate internationally for work but being deterred by unexpected changes in states’ policies? Building on recent insights into involuntary immobility, I examine immobility's financial consequences, including how these consequences vary across levels of household wealth. Drawing on an original panel survey of 70 aspiring Pakistani labour migrants and their heads of household, I find that poorer households more …
North Africa's Spain: Peripheral National Identities and the Nation‐state as Neo‐empire
When ethno‐cultural heterogeneity exists and thrives within a nation‐state, social tension and ethno‐nationalist sentiments are not considered surprising. Yet in many nation‐states, various native‐born communities have diverse and potentially contradictory national identities without the desire for self‐determination. In this paper, I explore the circumstances in which ethno‐culturally distinct, peripheral communities may develop variants of the …
Shellfish Collection Practices of the First Inhabitants of Southwestern Puerto Rico: The Effects of Site Type and Paleoenvironment on Habitat Choice
After decades of study, much remains unknown about the foraging practices of the earliest inhabitants of Puerto Rico. Here, we present an analysis of the malacological assemblages of two neighboring and (partially) contemporary early sites from the island's southwest, finding intriguing intersite differences in shellfish collection practices. We attribute this diversity to differences in site type, chronology, or changes in local coastal configur…
Sociocultural mechanisms of conflict: Combining topic and stochastic actor-oriented models in an analysis of Afghanistan, 1979-2001
Synthetic duality: A framework for analyzing generative artificial intelligence's representation of social reality
Local peace and contemporary conflict: Constructing commonality and exclusion during war in Afghanistan
Hyphenated Turkishness: The plurality of lived nationhood in Turkey
Is Turkish nationality one singular identity that does not permit ethnic modifiers? Or can it be understood as pluralistic, with identities nested — “hyphenated” — with Turkishness? Then, are Turkish and Kurdish identities necessarily mutually exclusive? Such questions over the boundaries of Turkishness have long been framed in the civic versus ethnic dichotomy — an approach that does not ask whether Turkish nationhood is monolithic or pluralisti…
Religion and Comparative Political Sociology
In the last decade, religious politics seemed to sweep the world. Calls have been issued for religion to regain its rightful place in the study of politics. We contend that the influence of religion on politics is hardly novel and that religious beliefs and organizations have had a profound effect on polities both in the developed democracies and in developing societies. Drawing widely on the comparative sociology of politics, we trace the role o…
Religion and Comparative Political Sociology
In the last decade, religious politics seemed to sweep the world. Calls have been issued for religion to regain its rightful place in the study of politics. We contend that the influence of religion on politics is hardly novel and that religious beliefs and organizations have had a profound effect on polities both in the developed democracies and in developing societies. Drawing widely on the comparative sociology of politics, we trace the role o…
Ethnicity, Citizenship, and the Migration–Development Nexus: The Case of Moroccan Migrants in Spain’s North African Exclaves
In this paper, I conduct a paired comparative analysis of the Moroccan migrant communities in two Spanish cities, Ceuta and Melilla, to examine how migrants’ sub-national ethnic heritage influences their relationships with their host country and country of origin. Conducting an ecological inferential analysis of citizenship rates, I find evidence that ethnic heritage, Arab in Ceuta and Amazigh in Melilla, affects whether Moroccan migrants become …
Identity Construction and the Causes of Genocidal Mass Murder
Narrative Networks
Introduction: Minorities, Law, and Belonging
Introduction: New Directions in the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Gulf States
North Africa's Spain: Peripheral National Identities and the Nation‐state as Neo‐empire
When ethno‐cultural heterogeneity exists and thrives within a nation‐state, social tension and ethno‐nationalist sentiments are not considered surprising. Yet in many nation‐states, various native‐born communities have diverse and potentially contradictory national identities without the desire for self‐determination. In this paper, I explore the circumstances in which ethno‐culturally distinct, peripheral communities may develop variants of the …
Fifteenth Anniversary of September 11, 2001: Ethnicity and Nationalism in Afghanistan in the Post‐2001 Era
Hyphenated Turkishness: The plurality of lived nationhood in Turkey
Is Turkish nationality one singular identity that does not permit ethnic modifiers? Or can it be understood as pluralistic, with identities nested — “hyphenated” — with Turkishness? Then, are Turkish and Kurdish identities necessarily mutually exclusive? Such questions over the boundaries of Turkishness have long been framed in the civic versus ethnic dichotomy — an approach that does not ask whether Turkish nationhood is monolithic or pluralisti…
Local peace and contemporary conflict: Constructing commonality and exclusion during war in Afghanistan
Aid, exclusion, and the local dynamics of insurgency in Afghanistan
Can developmental aid bring peace to war-torn communities? The current literature is divided on this issue. One line of reasoning suggests that aid is likely to decrease violence by improving employment and prosperity, thereby making participation in conflict more costly. Another view cites evidence showing an association between aid projects and increased insurgent activity. Addressing this contradiction, we argue that different types of aid pro…
Rhetorics of Radicalism
What rhetorics run throughout radical discourse, and why do some gain prominence over others? The scholarship on radicalism largely portrays radical discourse as opposition to powerful ideas and enemies, but radicals often evince great interest in personal and local concerns. To shed light on how radicals use and adopt rhetoric, we analyze an original corpus of more than 23,000 pages produced by Afghan radical groups between 1979 and 2001 using a…
Radicalization by Kevin McDonald
A large body of scholarship seeks to explain why individuals radicalize. This work has invoked a range of factors, from psychological predispositions and beliefs (Victoroff 2005) to broad societal changes, like industrialization (Calhoun 2012) and urbanization (Neuhouser 1989). Recent research, however, increasingly finds radicalization to be a social process shaped by personal networks (Nielsen 2017; Rink and Sharma 2018; Sageman 2004) and local…
Sociocultural mechanisms of conflict: Combining topic and stochastic actor-oriented models in an analysis of Afghanistan, 1979-2001
Dynamics of immobility: Capability conversion among aspiring migrants in Pakistan
What are the costs of attempting to migrate internationally for work but being deterred by unexpected changes in states’ policies? Building on recent insights into involuntary immobility, I examine immobility's financial consequences, including how these consequences vary across levels of household wealth. Drawing on an original panel survey of 70 aspiring Pakistani labour migrants and their heads of household, I find that poorer households more …
Language Models in Sociological Research: An Application to Classifying Large Administrative Data and Measuring Religiosity
Computational methods have become widespread in the social sciences, but probabilistic language models remain relatively underused. We introduce language models to a general social science readership. First, we offer an accessible explanation of language models, detailing how they estimate the probability of a piece of language, such as a word or sentence, on the basis of the linguistic context. Second, we apply language models in an illustrative…
Shellfish Collection Practices of the First Inhabitants of Southwestern Puerto Rico: The Effects of Site Type and Paleoenvironment on Habitat Choice
After decades of study, much remains unknown about the foraging practices of the earliest inhabitants of Puerto Rico. Here, we present an analysis of the malacological assemblages of two neighboring and (partially) contemporary early sites from the island's southwest, finding intriguing intersite differences in shellfish collection practices. We attribute this diversity to differences in site type, chronology, or changes in local coastal configur…
Small town propaganda: The content and emotions of politicized digital local news in the United States
Emotions and the ‘truths’ of contentious politics: Advances in research on emotions, knowledge and contemporary contentious politics
In a world of multiple crises -the heating of the planet, public health emergencies, economic meltdowns, sociopolitical polarisation and so on -truth is often politicised and then weaponised for political gain.This 'post-truth' rhetoric currently seems so prevalent that many of us now avoid debating reasonable questions about politics, policy and society.The rhetoric has also led to increasing questions about the role and importance of expertise …
Salvation into Nation: Topic Modeling Early Modern Economic Writings
Early modern economic thought is often left out of histories of economic thought, but it was an important inflection point in the development of the modern science of economics. Using network clustering and topic modeling, this research describes the subjects covered in the economic literature of the early modern era and how they change over time using a sample of 2,353 economics texts written from 1550 to 1700s. Topic modeling of the corpus prod…
Born for a Storm: Hard-Right Social Media and Civil Unrest
Does activity on hard-right social media lead to hard-right civil unrest? If so, why? We created a spatial panel dataset comprising hard-right social media use and incidents of unrest across the United States from January 2020 through January 2021. Using spatial regression analyses with core-based statistical area (CBSA) and month fixed effects, we find that greater CBSA-level hard-right social media activity in a given month is associated with a…
How Symbols Influence Social Media Discourse: An Embedding Regression Analysis of Trump's Return to Twitter
How does social media content affect users' online discourse? Existing scholarship sheds light on how several social media features involving content can influence users' speech. However, this research often conflates content's lexical dimension with its symbolic dimension. The authors analyze how the symbolic properties of online content can distinctly affect discourse on social media. Specifically, they examine how the symbolic meanings conveye…
Analyzing Text and Images in Digital Communication: The Case of Securitization in American White Supremacist Online Discourse
Sociological research on online discourse increasingly uses digital data consisting of messages combining multiple modes of media, with meaning arising from contents' interaction across modes. Yet, techniques to study this interplay are underdeveloped relative to the toolkit for analyzing solely texts. The authors introduce an automated approach for relationally analyzing texts and images, focusing on how to examine the discursive meaning emergin…
Does Information Improve the Experience of Pursuing Labor Migration? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Pakistan
A large literature on international labor migration explores how to improve low-skilled migrants’ experience of pursuing and obtaining overseas employment. Much of this scholarship focuses on describing and mitigating difficult, and sometimes exploitative, conditions in the host country. Scholars have paid less attention to factors in home countries that may affect aspiring migrants’ experience of looking for overseas work. We help address this g…
Pathways to prosocial leadership: An Online Experiment on the Effects of External Subsidies and the Relative Price of Giving
Leaders are a part of virtually every group and organization, and while they help solve the various collective action problems that groups face, they can also be unprincipled and incompetent, pursuing their own interests over those of the group. What types of circumstances foster prosocial leadership and motivate leaders to pursue group interests? In a modified dictator game (N = 798), we examine the effects of piece-rate subsidies (or pay per un…
Sociology (22 works) · Political science (20 works) · Law (16 works) · Politics (15 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Law (11 works) · Epistemology (9 works) · Psychology (7 works) · Ethnic group (6 works) · Linguistics (6 works)