Andy Baum
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 229505 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Andy Baum |
| PRENOMES | Andy |
| SOBRENOME | Baum |
| ASSINATURA | BAUM A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9755-6691 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 41 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 167 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 41 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1975 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2012 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Stress, Coping, and Immune Function
Stress is a fundamental process, characterizing people's interactions with their environments and responses to challenge. Appraisals of threatening or harmful challenges motivate people to take action to either eliminate these stressors or protect themselves from the stressor's negative impact. These appraisals and coping efforts elicit a series of specific and nonspecific cognitive, behavioral, and physiological responses. Stress responses, in t…
A Urinary Marker of Oxidative Stress Covaries Positively With Hostility Among Midlife Community Volunteers
OBJECTIVE: Although not all findings are consistent, growing evidence suggests that individuals high in dispositional hostility are at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality; however, the mechanisms of these associations remain unclear. One possibility is that hostility is associated with oxidative stress. Here, we explore relationships between hostility and a measure of systemic oxidative stress among a mid-life sample.…
Coping With Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer Susceptibility
OBJECTIVE: To examine how women cope with genetic testing for heightened susceptibility to breast cancer. METHODS: Participants were 126 White women (age = 44 +/- 9 years) who were participants in a larger study of genetic testing for risk of different chronic diseases. All women were at higher-than-average risk for breast cancer due to a personal and/or family history and were considering genetic testing. Distress (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, …
Association of Enjoyable Leisure Activities With Psychological and Physical Well-Being
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether engaging in multiple enjoyable activities was associated with better psychological and physiological functioning. Few studies have examined the health benefits of the enjoyable activities that individuals participate in voluntarily in their free time. METHOD: Participants from four different studies (n = 1399 total, 74% female, age = 19-89 years) completed a self-report measure (Pittsburgh Enjoyable Activities Test (…
The Life Engagement Test
Socioeconomic Status Is Associated With Stress Hormones
Objective: We assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with basal levels of cortisol and catecholamines and determine if any association between SES and these hormones can be explained (is mediated) by behavioral, social, and emotional differences across the SES gradient. Methods: One hundred ninety-three adult subjects, including men and women and whites and African-Americans, provided 24-hour urine catecholamine samples on each o…
Posttraumatic Stress Associated With Cancer History and BRCA1/2 Genetic Testing
Objective: A subset of women who are at elevated cancer risk due to family history exhibit evidence of cancer-specific distress. These stress responses may represent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study assessed rates of PTSD related to personal or family cancer history and BRCA1/2 testing. Methods: Participants were 84 women enrolled in a larger project focused on genetic testing decisions. Semistructured diagnosti…
Pre-Migration Trauma and HIV-Risk Behavior
This study examined the relationship between pre-migration trauma and HIV-risk behavior in refugees from sub-Saharan Africa. The sample comprised 122 persons who had emigrated from sub-Saharan Africa and were currently residing in Sweden. Qualitative methods including individual interviews, focus groups, and interviews with key informants addressed questions regarding trauma experience and HIV-risk behavior. A history of pre-migration trauma was …
Physiologic Markers of Chronic Stress in Premenopausal, Middle-Aged Women
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify physiological markers of chronic stress in middle-aged women that can be assessed simply and are thus feasible for introduction into large-scale, epidemiologic studies of aging. METHODS: Subjects were 40 nonsmoking, premenopausal women between the ages of 42 and 52 years, 20 of whom were chronically stressed because of undergoing a divorce or separation and 20 of whom were nonstressed because o…
Stressful Life Events Precede Exacerbations of Multiple Sclerosis
Objective We longitudinally monitored life events and health changes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to determine whether stressful events may trigger exacerbation of MS. Methods Twenty-three women with MS were followed for 1 year. Each subject completed the Psychiatric Epidemiologic Research Interview on a weekly basis. Further information on potentially stressful events was acquired using the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Neur…
Endocrine Levels at the Start of Treatment Are Associated With Subsequent Psychological Adjustment in Cancer Patients With Metastatic Disease
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the association between hormonal profiles at the start of cancer treatment and subsequent psychological symptomatology. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and 18 patients with metastatic melanoma completed three assessments during the course of treatment: at the start of treatment (baseline), at the end of treatment (3 weeks after baseline), and at a follow-up appointment 1 month lat…
Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Among Victims of Motor Vehicle Accidents
OBJECTIVE: This study identified factors that predict individual vulnerability to psychological trauma by examining the relationships among situation and person variables and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 1, 6, and 12 months after a serious motor vehicle accident (MVA). METHODS: Background characteristics, exposure variables (ie, injury severity and accident characteristics), and psychosocial variables (ie, perceived loss of co…
Urinary Catecholamines and Cortisol in Recent-Onset Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Motor Vehicle Accidents
OBJECTIVE: This study examined relationships among stress hormone levels, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and symptoms, and gender shortly after a common civilian trauma. METHODS: Levels of catecholamines and cortisol in 15-hour urine samples were examined in 55 adults who had been in serious motor vehicle accidents and in 22 age-matched control. RESULTS: Catecholamines were related to PTSD diagnosis and symptoms, but only among me…
Ownership, Occupation and Risk
Office returns in the City of London are more volatile than in other UK markets. This volatility may reflect fluctuations in capital flows associated with changing patterns of ownership and the growing linkage between real estate and financial markets in the City. Using current and historical data, patterns of ownership in the City are investigated. They reveal that overseas ownership has grown markedly since 1985, that owners are predominantly F…
Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Stress
A bstract : Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important predictor of a range of health and illness outcomes. Research seeking to identify the extent to which this often‐reported effect is due to protective benefits of higher SES or to toxic elements of lower social status has not yielded consistent or conclusive findings. A relatively novel hypothesis is that these effects are due to chronic stress that is associated with SES; lower SES is reliabl…
Assessment of Characteristics of Intrusive Thoughts and Their Impact on Distress Among Victims of Traumatic Events
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the psychometric properties of the Intrusive Thoughts Questionnaire (ITQ) and its utility as a predictor of distress among trauma victims. METHOD: Victims of three types of trauma, a motor vehicle accident (N = 115), a hurricane (N = 182), and recovery work after an airline disaster (N = 159), completed the ITQ along with the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Symptom Checklist-90, Revised (SCL-90-R), at several di…
Sleep as a Mediator of the Stress-Immune Relationship
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of sleep in the relationship of intrusive thoughts/avoidance behaviors to natural killer cell (NKC) number and function. METHOD: Twenty-nine individuals seeking treatment for bereavement-related depression were studied in the sleep laboratory. Background and clinical variables, including the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), were administered during the week preceding …
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Intrusive Thoughts, Loss, and Immune Function after Hurricane Andrew
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of and relationship between exposure to Hurricane Andrew, a severe stressor, posttraumatic stress symptoms and immune measures. METHODS: Blood draws and questionnaires were taken from community volunteer subjects living in the damaged neighborhoods between 1 and 4 months after the Hurricane. RESULTS: The sample exhibited high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms by questionnaire (33% overall; 76% with at least …
Chronic Stress and Natural Killer Cell Activity After Exposure to Traumatic Death
OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the effects of working at the crash site of USAir Flight 427 on psychological, cardiovascular, and immunological sequelae of stress within 2 months of the recovery work and again 6 months after the crash. METHOD: A total of 159 workers at the crash site and 41 controls were examined within 2 months of the crash and again 6 months after the crash. Subjects were initially grouped according to whether they had c…
Physical Symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Are Exacerbated By the Stress of Hurricane Andrew
This study examined the effects of Hurricane Andrew on physical symptoms and functional impairments in a sample of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients residing in South Florida. In the months after Hurricane Andrew (September 15-December 31, 1992), 49 CFS patients were assessed for psychosocial and physical functioning with questionnaires, interviews, and physical examinations. This sample was made up of 25 CFS patients living in Dade county,…
Control and intrusive memories as possible determinants of chronic stress
Amidst confusion about the nature and usefulness of the stress construct and distinctions between acute and chronic stress, research has begun to identify mechanisms by which stress affects health and by which stress can persist beyond the physical presence of the stressor. In addition, research has begun to identify reasons for selective vulnerability to chronic stress. One of the possible reasons for chronic stress following traumatic events is…
Implications of psychological research on stress and technological accidents
Stress, intrusive imagery, and chronic distress
Discusses the nature of stress in the context of problems with its definition and sources of confusion regarding its usefulness and specificity. Stress can be defined as a negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, and behavioral changes that are directed toward adaptation either by manipulating the situation to alter the stressor or by accommodating its effects. Chronic stress is more complex than most d…
Psychological research and the prevention, etiology, and treatment of Aids
The Availability of Land for Inner City Development
Much of the existing literature on land availability centres upon the controversial policy debates concerning land release at the urban periphery. Recently, the Government has assumed that Green Belt policies could be used to redirect development towards inner urban areas. Although inner cities may contain substantial areas of vacant land, there are very real constraints upon its immediate development. Flexible planning policies will not in thems…
Implications of psychological research on stress and technological accidents
Coping with Victimization by Technological Disaster
Technological catastrophes, defined as mishaps involving breakdown in human‐made systems, appear to differ in the nature of threats that they pose. Coping with chronic stress associated with these events was examined by considering response to the Three Mile Island nuclear accident. Using the Ways of Coping Inventory (Folkman & Lazarus, 1980), use of emotional regulation, problem‐oriented coping, and the assumption of responsibility or blame for …
Stress and the Environment
This paper presents an overview of the literature on stress and the environment using a basic attitude change paradigm. The stress literature is organized around characteristics of source, transmission, and audience variables. Prominent models of stress are reviewed, along with classifications of stressors themselves. The appraisal of stressors is considered as a transmission variable, affected by such factors as attitudes towards the stressor, p…
Assessment of preferences for self-treatment and information in health care
It has been assumed that it is beneficial for patients to become active and informed participants in health care. Previous research, however, suggests that individuals differ in their receptiveness to information and self-care in treatment stiuations. This article reports the development and validation of the Krantz Health Opinion Survey, a measure of preferences for different treatment approaches. This measure yields a total score and two relati…
Unemployment stress
Toward an integrative approach to the study of stress
Stress and coping are considered as part of a process involving environmental events, psychosocial processes, and physiological response. The concept of stress as well as approaches to its study are discussed. Links between coping and perceived control are described, and measurement approaches are evaluated. The usefulness of integrated approaches to the study of stress, emphasizing expansion of both conceptual and methodological perspectives, is…
Differential response to anticipated crowding
The Availability of Land for Inner City Development
Much of the existing literature on land availability centres upon the controversial policy debates concerning land release at the urban periphery. Recently, the Government has assumed that Green Belt policies could be used to redirect development towards inner urban areas. Although inner cities may contain substantial areas of vacant land, there are very real constraints upon its immediate development. Flexible planning policies will not in thems…
Cognitive determinants of reaction to uncontrollable events
Ownership, Occupation and Risk
Office returns in the City of London are more volatile than in other UK markets. This volatility may reflect fluctuations in capital flows associated with changing patterns of ownership and the growing linkage between real estate and financial markets in the City. Using current and historical data, patterns of ownership in the City are investigated. They reveal that overseas ownership has grown markedly since 1985, that owners are predominantly F…
Reducing the stress of high-density living
The present study assesses the effects of an architectural intervention on residential crowding stress and poststressor effects. Residents of long-corridor, short-corridor, and long-corridor-intervention dormitory floors were surveyed and social behavior and space use patterns were systematically observed over a 3-month period. As predicted, although students living in the three environments were initially comparable, residents of the long-corrid…
Crowding and personal control
Stress, intrusive imagery, and chronic distress
Discusses the nature of stress in the context of problems with its definition and sources of confusion regarding its usefulness and specificity. Stress can be defined as a negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, and behavioral changes that are directed toward adaptation either by manipulating the situation to alter the stressor or by accommodating its effects. Chronic stress is more complex than most d…
Pre-Migration Trauma and HIV-Risk Behavior
This study examined the relationship between pre-migration trauma and HIV-risk behavior in refugees from sub-Saharan Africa. The sample comprised 122 persons who had emigrated from sub-Saharan Africa and were currently residing in Sweden. Qualitative methods including individual interviews, focus groups, and interviews with key informants addressed questions regarding trauma experience and HIV-risk behavior. A history of pre-migration trauma was …
Waiting for a crowd
An experiment was conducted in which subjects were convinced that crowding was imminent. It was hypothesized that the arousal of expectations of crowding would cause subjects to behave in ways suggesting that they were preparing for the experience of crowding by taking steps to reduce the impact of crowding before its onset. Similarly, it was predicted that anticipation of crowding would influence subject perceptions of the experimental room, int…
Social density and perceived control as mediators of crowding stress in high-density residential neighborhoods
Individual differences in coping with crowding
Type of information, familiarity, and the reduction of crowding stress
Two studies focused on the effectiveness of various types of information in different contexts. Two informational foci (i.e., external and internal) were employed, and subjects were either familiar or unfamiliar with a potentially stressful setting. It was assumed that one's degree of familiarity with the context would render different types of concerns more salient and that these would more effectively be met by one type of information than by t…
Waiting for a crowd
An experiment was conducted in which subjects were convinced that crowding was imminent. It was hypothesized that the arousal of expectations of crowding would cause subjects to behave in ways suggesting that they were preparing for the experience of crowding by taking steps to reduce the impact of crowding before its onset. Similarly, it was predicted that anticipation of crowding would influence subject perceptions of the experimental room, int…
Differential response to anticipated crowding
Crowding and personal control
Reducing the stress of high-density living
The present study assesses the effects of an architectural intervention on residential crowding stress and poststressor effects. Residents of long-corridor, short-corridor, and long-corridor-intervention dormitory floors were surveyed and social behavior and space use patterns were systematically observed over a 3-month period. As predicted, although students living in the three environments were initially comparable, residents of the long-corrid…
Assessment of preferences for self-treatment and information in health care
It has been assumed that it is beneficial for patients to become active and informed participants in health care. Previous research, however, suggests that individuals differ in their receptiveness to information and self-care in treatment stiuations. This article reports the development and validation of the Krantz Health Opinion Survey, a measure of preferences for different treatment approaches. This measure yields a total score and two relati…
Mediation of Social Density by Coalition Formation 1
Past research has indicated that three‐person groups are more likely to produce isolates than two‐person groups, with isolates experiencing the greatest difficulties, least confidence, and most intense crowding stress. The present study extended these findings by examining the role of coalition formation as a mediator of social density in three‐ and four‐person groups using a survey technique. As expected, coalition formation between two roommate…
Stress and the Environment
This paper presents an overview of the literature on stress and the environment using a basic attitude change paradigm. The stress literature is organized around characteristics of source, transmission, and audience variables. Prominent models of stress are reviewed, along with classifications of stressors themselves. The appraisal of stressors is considered as a transmission variable, affected by such factors as attitudes towards the stressor, p…
Type of information, familiarity, and the reduction of crowding stress
Two studies focused on the effectiveness of various types of information in different contexts. Two informational foci (i.e., external and internal) were employed, and subjects were either familiar or unfamiliar with a potentially stressful setting. It was assumed that one's degree of familiarity with the context would render different types of concerns more salient and that these would more effectively be met by one type of information than by t…
Cognitive determinants of reaction to uncontrollable events
Residential Crowding and Design
Individual differences in coping with crowding
Coping with Victimization by Technological Disaster
Technological catastrophes, defined as mishaps involving breakdown in human‐made systems, appear to differ in the nature of threats that they pose. Coping with chronic stress associated with these events was examined by considering response to the Three Mile Island nuclear accident. Using the Ways of Coping Inventory (Folkman & Lazarus, 1980), use of emotional regulation, problem‐oriented coping, and the assumption of responsibility or blame for …
Adrenal Cortical Response to Stress at Three Mile Island
The present study examined the relationship between biochemical, psychologic, and behavioral components of chronic stress associated with living near the damaged nuclear power plant at Three Mile Island (TMI). Relative to control subjects, TMI subjects had higher levels of urinary cortisol, which correlated significantly with urinary catecholamines, self-report of physical and mental symptoms, and decrements in task performance. Further, it was f…
Toward an integrative approach to the study of stress
Stress and coping are considered as part of a process involving environmental events, psychosocial processes, and physiological response. The concept of stress as well as approaches to its study are discussed. Links between coping and perceived control are described, and measurement approaches are evaluated. The usefulness of integrated approaches to the study of stress, emphasizing expansion of both conceptual and methodological perspectives, is…
Unemployment stress
Social density and perceived control as mediators of crowding stress in high-density residential neighborhoods
Psychological research and the prevention, etiology, and treatment of Aids
The Availability of Land for Inner City Development
Much of the existing literature on land availability centres upon the controversial policy debates concerning land release at the urban periphery. Recently, the Government has assumed that Green Belt policies could be used to redirect development towards inner urban areas. Although inner cities may contain substantial areas of vacant land, there are very real constraints upon its immediate development. Flexible planning policies will not in thems…
Stress, intrusive imagery, and chronic distress
Discusses the nature of stress in the context of problems with its definition and sources of confusion regarding its usefulness and specificity. Stress can be defined as a negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, and behavioral changes that are directed toward adaptation either by manipulating the situation to alter the stressor or by accommodating its effects. Chronic stress is more complex than most d…
Control and intrusive memories as possible determinants of chronic stress
Amidst confusion about the nature and usefulness of the stress construct and distinctions between acute and chronic stress, research has begun to identify mechanisms by which stress affects health and by which stress can persist beyond the physical presence of the stressor. In addition, research has begun to identify reasons for selective vulnerability to chronic stress. One of the possible reasons for chronic stress following traumatic events is…
Implications of psychological research on stress and technological accidents
Physical Symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Are Exacerbated By the Stress of Hurricane Andrew
This study examined the effects of Hurricane Andrew on physical symptoms and functional impairments in a sample of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients residing in South Florida. In the months after Hurricane Andrew (September 15-December 31, 1992), 49 CFS patients were assessed for psychosocial and physical functioning with questionnaires, interviews, and physical examinations. This sample was made up of 25 CFS patients living in Dade county,…
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Intrusive Thoughts, Loss, and Immune Function after Hurricane Andrew
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of and relationship between exposure to Hurricane Andrew, a severe stressor, posttraumatic stress symptoms and immune measures. METHODS: Blood draws and questionnaires were taken from community volunteer subjects living in the damaged neighborhoods between 1 and 4 months after the Hurricane. RESULTS: The sample exhibited high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms by questionnaire (33% overall; 76% with at least …
Chronic Stress and Natural Killer Cell Activity After Exposure to Traumatic Death
OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the effects of working at the crash site of USAir Flight 427 on psychological, cardiovascular, and immunological sequelae of stress within 2 months of the recovery work and again 6 months after the crash. METHOD: A total of 159 workers at the crash site and 41 controls were examined within 2 months of the crash and again 6 months after the crash. Subjects were initially grouped according to whether they had c…
Sleep as a Mediator of the Stress-Immune Relationship
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of sleep in the relationship of intrusive thoughts/avoidance behaviors to natural killer cell (NKC) number and function. METHOD: Twenty-nine individuals seeking treatment for bereavement-related depression were studied in the sleep laboratory. Background and clinical variables, including the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), were administered during the week preceding …
Psychology (35 obras) · Clinical Psychology (22 obras) · Medicine (21 obras) · Social Psychology (15 obras) · Psychiatry (14 obras) · Developmental psychology (13 obras) · Internal Medicine (12 obras) · Internal Medicine (12 obras) · Social Psychology (12 obras) · Cognitive psychology (11 obras)