Matthew P Llewellyn
Biographic Data
| ID | 2419982 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Matthew P Llewellyn |
| GIVEN NAMES | Matthew P |
| FAMILY NAME | Llewellyn |
| SIGNATURE | LLEWELLYN M P |
| AFFILIATIONS | California State University, Fullerton |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 40 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Every Practical Step”
In 1977, British Labour Prime Minister James Callaghan joined Commonwealth leaders by committing to the Gleneagles Agreement and thereby pledged to “combat the evil of apartheid” by “taking every practical step” to prevent sporting contacts between Britain and South Africa. Within two years of the agreement being struck, the Tories came to power under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher. Until the end of Thatcher’s time in office (1990), Britain’…
Dennis Brutus and the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee in Exile, 1966–1970
In July 1966, the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SANROC) re-emerged in exile in London. The arrival of Dennis Brutus, the coloured Rhodesian-born activist, poet, and educator, into the British capital provided the stimulus to renew calls for the exclusion of apartheid South Africa from international sport. In the years 1966–1970 that marked Brutus’s exile in Britain, SANROC elevated apartheid sport to the world’s attention. As this p…
New Perspectives on Sport and Apartheid
On March 31, 1962, the Rand Daily Mail headlined its front page: ‘Whites Only at Olympics’.1 The newspaper alerted the South African public to the fact that the Minister of the Interior, Jan de Kle
Barbarians, Bridge Builders, and Boycott
In January 1980, four representatives of the British Sports Council began a fact-finding mission in South Africa to assess whether or not the apartheid nation had taken significant steps towards social and racial equality in its sports culture. The Council published its conclusions in a long and detailed document. Although the report unreservedly ‘condemned’ apartheid, it indicated that South African sport was experiencing increasing levels of in…
Sun, Surf, and Toned Bodies
Research Article| April 01 2019 Sun, Surf, and Toned Bodies: California’s Impact on the History of Sport and Leisure: Introduction Toby C. Rider; Toby C. Rider California State University, Fullerton correspondence to [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Matthew P. Llewellyn; Matthew P. Llewellyn California State University, Fullerton correspondence to [email protected] Search for other works by th…
Sport, Thatcher and Apartheid Politics
On 23 March 1984, Afrikaner teenage running sensation Zola Budd boarded a KLM flight at the Jan Smuts airport in Johannesburg bound for Britain. Through the manoeuvrings of the London-based Daily Mail newspaper, Budd fled apartheid South Africa for the opportunity to compete on the international stage under the representative colours of Great Britain. To forward his own commercial agenda, Sir David English, chief editor of the Daily Mail and a pe…
The old days of amateurism are over’
Tennis featured in every Olympics from 1896 to 1924, after which disagreements between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) on matters pertaining to organisational control and the amateur eligibility of players led to tennis being removed from the Olympic Games as a full-medal event until the 1988 Seoul Olympics. This paper traces the steps of the sport’s reinstatement, from when efforts co…
Just Saying – Bravo Kids – and Giving Them Some Gifts is Not Enough’
The Republic of Turkey embraced international Olympic sport as an affair of the state. Sport, in particular, the ancestor sport of wrestling, was heralded as an important tool in the cultivation and propogation of an incipient Turkish national identity. The dominance of Turkish wrestlers at the 1948 summer Olympic Games in London revealed the nationalistic importance of sport in Turkey. Eager to recognize the accomplishments of their champion wre…
The Rise and Fall of Olympic Amateurism
For decades, amateurism defined the ideals undergirding the Olympic movement. No more. Today's Games present athletes who enjoy open corporate sponsorship and unabashedly compete for lucrative commercial endorsements. The book analyzes how this astonishing transformation took place. Drawing on Olympic archives and a wealth of research across media, the book examines how an elite—white, wealthy, often Anglo-Saxon—controlled and shaped an enormousl…
The Historical Legacy of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games
Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationNotes on contributorsMatthew LlewellynMatthew P. Llewellyn is an Associate Professor of Kinesiology at the California State University, Fullerton, Co-Director of the Centre for the Socio-Cultural Sport and Olympic Research, Assistant Editor of the Journal of Sport History, and the author of numerous books and journal articles on the history of …
Rule Britannia
On 6 July 2005, the International Olympic Committee awarded the 2012 summer Olympic Games to the city of London, opening a new chapter in Great Britain’s rich Olympic history. Despite the prospect of hosting the summer Games for the third time since Pierre de Coubertin’s 1894 revival of the Olympic movement, the historical roots of British Olympism have received limited scholarly attention. With the conclusion of the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the…
Circumventing Apartheid
Behind the shadows of an Olympiad replete with tales of Cold War acrimony and lavish commercial excess, emerges South Africa's bureaucratic attempt to achieve readmission to the Olympic Movement prior to the 1984 Los Angeles Games. In the backdrop of the Reagan administration's conciliatory policy of ‘constructive engagement’ towards Pretoria, the all-white South African National Olympic Committee aspired to cease its two-decade-long sporting iso…
A Universal Dilemma
As a core and enduring ideal that influenced sports throughout the world for over a century, amateurism has long fascinated scholars. While historians have examined the social origins of amateurism within its institutional seedbed in Britain, the subject has proven resistant to extensive scholarly analysis. Many questions still remain unanswered: What were the mechanisms that took amateurism around the world? How was amateurism received outside o…
Sport, Drugs and Amateurism
The historiography of doping has focused primarily on anti-doping efforts that followed in the wake of Knud Enemark Jensen's death in 1960 and culminated in the first Olympic anti-doping tests in 1968. Such focus has often led to the mistaken claim that prior to 1960, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) had not banned doping, and, more importantly, ignores the cultural origins of anti-doping that took hold prior to the Second World War and …
Advocate or Antagonist? Sir Theodore Andrea Cook and the British Olympic Movement
With the award of the 2012 summer Olympic Games to London, the quest to uncover the historical roots of the British Olympic movement is of obvious importance. The administrative career of Sir Theodore Andrea Cook, a long-serving member of the British Olympic Association (1905–20) and a representative to the International Olympic Committee (1909–15), provides a critical lens into the complex social, political and imperial issues that shaped Britai…
The Best Distance Runner the World Has Ever Produced’
At the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm, Finnish long-distance runner Hannes Kolehmainen captivated British audiences following his sensational three gold medal performances. In the backdrop of a disappointing British showing in the Swedish capital, Kolehmainen's heroics revealed the inexorable forces of globalisation and the rising competitiveness of international sport. Mindful of their nation's declining standing in world sport, Britain's Olympic le…
Dominion Nationalism or Imperial Patriotism? Citizenship, Race, and the Proposed British Empire Olympic Team
In the aftermath of a calamitous British performance at the 1912 Olympic games in Stockholm the British Olympic Association (BOA) announced a plan to consolidate the various units of the British Empire into a single Olympic team for the forthcoming 1916 Berlin games. Casting their eyes ahead towards Berlin, an event generating extra importance given the continued escalation of Anglo- German antagonism, the BOA conceived that a unified Greater Bri…
Britain and the Olympics
Research Article| April 01 2012 Britain and the Olympics: Local, National, and Imperial Matthew P. Llewellyn Matthew P. Llewellyn Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton Correspondence to [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Sport History (2012) 39 (1): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.39.1.1 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Mai…
Olympic Games Doomed’
The immediate post-war years revealed that all was clearly not well within the British Olympic movement. Battling against the tide of widespread public and governmental apathy and opposition, the BOA persevered in its attempts to raise a British team for the forthcoming 1924 Olympic Games in Paris. Backed by a coterie of prominent patricians and Conservative politicians, the BOA endeavoured to raise the funds needed to help reclaim Britain's lost…
The Curse of the Shamateur
On 8 August 1927, the Executive Committee of the IOC voted to award broken-time payments to amateur football players during the 1928 Amsterdam games. In the wake of the bitter fall-out from the Paris games, where scenes of nationalistic squabbling forced many in Britain to consider the nation's Olympic future, the Executive Committee's concession appeared to deliver a death knell to the British Olympic movement. Moving to defend the purity of Bri…
A Tale of National Disaster’
With the closure of the London games, BOA leaders turned their immediate attentions towards capturing British success at the forthcoming 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm. A conscious effort to avoid the organizational pitfalls that marred previous Olympic campaigns emerged as a discernible feature of British preparations, as BOA leaders sought to introduce modern and progressive methods of training and preparation. Void of public and governmental …
Olympic Games are an International Farce’
With the conclusion of the Great War, beleaguered BOA officials attempted to rally British interest in a revival of the Olympic Games. In the aftermath of one of the darkest and most violent epochs in modern history, the thought of sending a British team to compete at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp appeared almost unpalatable. In the face of strong public and governmental opposition, as well as a post-war economic downturn, Britain's Olympic l…
The Empire Savers
Following a calamitous British performance in Stockholm, the British Olympic Association (BOA) embraced the 1916 Olympic Games in Berlin as a viable platform through which to restore British prestige. Cognizant of the inadequate organization that had hindered previous British Olympic teams, the BOA established a Special Committee to help raise and prepare a team for the Berlin games, an event that generated extra importance given the escalation o…
Lighting the Olympic Flame
The 1905 establishment of the British Olympic Association (BOA) signalled the first real awakening of British interest in the international Olympic movement. Unlike the mismatched and loosely organized band of British athletes that competed in the previous three editions of Olympic competition, the fledging BOA successfully raised an 'official’ Great Britain team to compete at the 1906 Intercalated Games held in Athens, Greece. The Athens games, …
A British Olympics
During the summer of 1906, the British Olympic Association (BOA) came to the International Olympic Committee's late rescue by agreeing to host the Games of the IV Olympiad in London, after the Eternal City Rome was forced to officially relinquish its obligation to stage the Games. With no governmental financial assistance and less than seventeen months in which to prepare, the BOA endeavoured to stage the largest international sports gathering, a…
Los Angeles is the Olympic City
In no other city but Los Angeles have the Olympics so completely shaped metropolitan identity – not even in modern Athens. Los Angeles used the 1932 games to put itself on the global map. The city used the 1984 games to redefine its image to the world. The Olympics helped Los Angeles to make itself the capital of the world's popular culture industry. The Los Angeles' Olympic productions have provided enduring lessons in how to use the games to ma…
The Best Distance Runner the World Has Ever Produced’
At the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm, Finnish long-distance runner Hannes Kolehmainen captivated British audiences following his sensational three gold medal performances. In the backdrop of a disappointing British showing in the Swedish capital, Kolehmainen's heroics revealed the inexorable forces of globalisation and the rising competitiveness of international sport. Mindful of their nation's declining standing in world sport, Britain's Olympic le…
Viva l'Italia! Viva l'Italia!’ Dorando Pietri and the North American Professional Marathon Craze, 1908–10
The highly dramatic conclusion of the marathon event at the 1908 London Olympic Games ignited a ‘marathon craze’ that swept throughout North America. Enticing the world's leading long-distance runners, such as Italian Dorando Pietri and Irish-American gold medallist Johnny Hayes, to make the transfer from the amateur to the professional ranks, promoters propelled pedestrianism into a commercial ambience. Connected with gambling, vaudeville and mu…
Sport, Drugs and Amateurism
The historiography of doping has focused primarily on anti-doping efforts that followed in the wake of Knud Enemark Jensen's death in 1960 and culminated in the first Olympic anti-doping tests in 1968. Such focus has often led to the mistaken claim that prior to 1960, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) had not banned doping, and, more importantly, ignores the cultural origins of anti-doping that took hold prior to the Second World War and …
The Battle of Shepherd's Bush
In the annals of sport history, the 1908 Olympic Games in London stand as an unprecedented success, setting new standards in organisation, event planning and sporting achievement. The games are also remembered as an occasion for competitive national self-assertion, as Great Britain and its trans-Atlantic cousin the United States clashed in a desperate struggle for Olympic mastery. Fuelled by Irish-American nationalism, biased British officiating,…
A Tale of National Disaster’
With the closure of the London games, BOA leaders turned their immediate attentions towards capturing British success at the forthcoming 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm. A conscious effort to avoid the organizational pitfalls that marred previous Olympic campaigns emerged as a discernible feature of British preparations, as BOA leaders sought to introduce modern and progressive methods of training and preparation. Void of public and governmental …
Olympic Games are an International Farce’
With the conclusion of the Great War, beleaguered BOA officials attempted to rally British interest in a revival of the Olympic Games. In the aftermath of one of the darkest and most violent epochs in modern history, the thought of sending a British team to compete at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp appeared almost unpalatable. In the face of strong public and governmental opposition, as well as a post-war economic downturn, Britain's Olympic l…
A British Olympics
During the summer of 1906, the British Olympic Association (BOA) came to the International Olympic Committee's late rescue by agreeing to host the Games of the IV Olympiad in London, after the Eternal City Rome was forced to officially relinquish its obligation to stage the Games. With no governmental financial assistance and less than seventeen months in which to prepare, the BOA endeavoured to stage the largest international sports gathering, a…
Prologue
Dennis Brutus and the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee in Exile, 1966–1970
In July 1966, the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SANROC) re-emerged in exile in London. The arrival of Dennis Brutus, the coloured Rhodesian-born activist, poet, and educator, into the British capital provided the stimulus to renew calls for the exclusion of apartheid South Africa from international sport. In the years 1966–1970 that marked Brutus’s exile in Britain, SANROC elevated apartheid sport to the world’s attention. As this p…
New Perspectives on Sport and Apartheid
On March 31, 1962, the Rand Daily Mail headlined its front page: ‘Whites Only at Olympics’.1 The newspaper alerted the South African public to the fact that the Minister of the Interior, Jan de Kle
The old days of amateurism are over’
Tennis featured in every Olympics from 1896 to 1924, after which disagreements between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) on matters pertaining to organisational control and the amateur eligibility of players led to tennis being removed from the Olympic Games as a full-medal event until the 1988 Seoul Olympics. This paper traces the steps of the sport’s reinstatement, from when efforts co…
The Historical Legacy of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games
Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationNotes on contributorsMatthew LlewellynMatthew P. Llewellyn is an Associate Professor of Kinesiology at the California State University, Fullerton, Co-Director of the Centre for the Socio-Cultural Sport and Olympic Research, Assistant Editor of the Journal of Sport History, and the author of numerous books and journal articles on the history of …
Circumventing Apartheid
Behind the shadows of an Olympiad replete with tales of Cold War acrimony and lavish commercial excess, emerges South Africa's bureaucratic attempt to achieve readmission to the Olympic Movement prior to the 1984 Los Angeles Games. In the backdrop of the Reagan administration's conciliatory policy of ‘constructive engagement’ towards Pretoria, the all-white South African National Olympic Committee aspired to cease its two-decade-long sporting iso…
A Universal Dilemma
As a core and enduring ideal that influenced sports throughout the world for over a century, amateurism has long fascinated scholars. While historians have examined the social origins of amateurism within its institutional seedbed in Britain, the subject has proven resistant to extensive scholarly analysis. Many questions still remain unanswered: What were the mechanisms that took amateurism around the world? How was amateurism received outside o…
Epilogue
Los Angeles is the Olympic City
In no other city but Los Angeles have the Olympics so completely shaped metropolitan identity – not even in modern Athens. Los Angeles used the 1932 games to put itself on the global map. The city used the 1984 games to redefine its image to the world. The Olympics helped Los Angeles to make itself the capital of the world's popular culture industry. The Los Angeles' Olympic productions have provided enduring lessons in how to use the games to ma…
Viva l'Italia! Viva l'Italia!’ Dorando Pietri and the North American Professional Marathon Craze, 1908–10
The highly dramatic conclusion of the marathon event at the 1908 London Olympic Games ignited a ‘marathon craze’ that swept throughout North America. Enticing the world's leading long-distance runners, such as Italian Dorando Pietri and Irish-American gold medallist Johnny Hayes, to make the transfer from the amateur to the professional ranks, promoters propelled pedestrianism into a commercial ambience. Connected with gambling, vaudeville and mu…
Chariots of Discord
The connection between international sport and national prowess emerged as a salient feature of early modern Olympic competition. As the progenitor of modern sport, Britain's declining competitiveness in the Olympics became a cause of national concern, especially when defeat was translated as proof of British decadence. This paper will explore how the politically Conservative members of the British Olympic Association (BOA) embraced the 1924 Pari…
Olympic Games Doomed’
The immediate post-war years revealed that all was clearly not well within the British Olympic movement. Battling against the tide of widespread public and governmental apathy and opposition, the BOA persevered in its attempts to raise a British team for the forthcoming 1924 Olympic Games in Paris. Backed by a coterie of prominent patricians and Conservative politicians, the BOA endeavoured to raise the funds needed to help reclaim Britain's lost…
The Curse of the Shamateur
On 8 August 1927, the Executive Committee of the IOC voted to award broken-time payments to amateur football players during the 1928 Amsterdam games. In the wake of the bitter fall-out from the Paris games, where scenes of nationalistic squabbling forced many in Britain to consider the nation's Olympic future, the Executive Committee's concession appeared to deliver a death knell to the British Olympic movement. Moving to defend the purity of Bri…
A Tale of National Disaster’
With the closure of the London games, BOA leaders turned their immediate attentions towards capturing British success at the forthcoming 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm. A conscious effort to avoid the organizational pitfalls that marred previous Olympic campaigns emerged as a discernible feature of British preparations, as BOA leaders sought to introduce modern and progressive methods of training and preparation. Void of public and governmental …
Olympic Games are an International Farce’
With the conclusion of the Great War, beleaguered BOA officials attempted to rally British interest in a revival of the Olympic Games. In the aftermath of one of the darkest and most violent epochs in modern history, the thought of sending a British team to compete at the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp appeared almost unpalatable. In the face of strong public and governmental opposition, as well as a post-war economic downturn, Britain's Olympic l…
The Empire Savers
Following a calamitous British performance in Stockholm, the British Olympic Association (BOA) embraced the 1916 Olympic Games in Berlin as a viable platform through which to restore British prestige. Cognizant of the inadequate organization that had hindered previous British Olympic teams, the BOA established a Special Committee to help raise and prepare a team for the Berlin games, an event that generated extra importance given the escalation o…
Lighting the Olympic Flame
The 1905 establishment of the British Olympic Association (BOA) signalled the first real awakening of British interest in the international Olympic movement. Unlike the mismatched and loosely organized band of British athletes that competed in the previous three editions of Olympic competition, the fledging BOA successfully raised an 'official’ Great Britain team to compete at the 1906 Intercalated Games held in Athens, Greece. The Athens games, …
A British Olympics
During the summer of 1906, the British Olympic Association (BOA) came to the International Olympic Committee's late rescue by agreeing to host the Games of the IV Olympiad in London, after the Eternal City Rome was forced to officially relinquish its obligation to stage the Games. With no governmental financial assistance and less than seventeen months in which to prepare, the BOA endeavoured to stage the largest international sports gathering, a…
Epilogue
The Battle of Shepherd's Bush
In the annals of sport history, the 1908 Olympic Games in London stand as an unprecedented success, setting new standards in organisation, event planning and sporting achievement. The games are also remembered as an occasion for competitive national self-assertion, as Great Britain and its trans-Atlantic cousin the United States clashed in a desperate struggle for Olympic mastery. Fuelled by Irish-American nationalism, biased British officiating,…
Prologue
Rule Britannia
Advocate or Antagonist? Sir Theodore Andrea Cook and the British Olympic Movement
With the award of the 2012 summer Olympic Games to London, the quest to uncover the historical roots of the British Olympic movement is of obvious importance. The administrative career of Sir Theodore Andrea Cook, a long-serving member of the British Olympic Association (1905–20) and a representative to the International Olympic Committee (1909–15), provides a critical lens into the complex social, political and imperial issues that shaped Britai…
The Best Distance Runner the World Has Ever Produced’
At the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm, Finnish long-distance runner Hannes Kolehmainen captivated British audiences following his sensational three gold medal performances. In the backdrop of a disappointing British showing in the Swedish capital, Kolehmainen's heroics revealed the inexorable forces of globalisation and the rising competitiveness of international sport. Mindful of their nation's declining standing in world sport, Britain's Olympic le…
Dominion Nationalism or Imperial Patriotism? Citizenship, Race, and the Proposed British Empire Olympic Team
In the aftermath of a calamitous British performance at the 1912 Olympic games in Stockholm the British Olympic Association (BOA) announced a plan to consolidate the various units of the British Empire into a single Olympic team for the forthcoming 1916 Berlin games. Casting their eyes ahead towards Berlin, an event generating extra importance given the continued escalation of Anglo- German antagonism, the BOA conceived that a unified Greater Bri…
Britain and the Olympics
Research Article| April 01 2012 Britain and the Olympics: Local, National, and Imperial Matthew P. Llewellyn Matthew P. Llewellyn Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton Correspondence to [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Sport History (2012) 39 (1): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.39.1.1 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Mai…
Sport, Drugs and Amateurism
The historiography of doping has focused primarily on anti-doping efforts that followed in the wake of Knud Enemark Jensen's death in 1960 and culminated in the first Olympic anti-doping tests in 1968. Such focus has often led to the mistaken claim that prior to 1960, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) had not banned doping, and, more importantly, ignores the cultural origins of anti-doping that took hold prior to the Second World War and …
Rule Britannia
On 6 July 2005, the International Olympic Committee awarded the 2012 summer Olympic Games to the city of London, opening a new chapter in Great Britain’s rich Olympic history. Despite the prospect of hosting the summer Games for the third time since Pierre de Coubertin’s 1894 revival of the Olympic movement, the historical roots of British Olympism have received limited scholarly attention. With the conclusion of the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the…
Circumventing Apartheid
Behind the shadows of an Olympiad replete with tales of Cold War acrimony and lavish commercial excess, emerges South Africa's bureaucratic attempt to achieve readmission to the Olympic Movement prior to the 1984 Los Angeles Games. In the backdrop of the Reagan administration's conciliatory policy of ‘constructive engagement’ towards Pretoria, the all-white South African National Olympic Committee aspired to cease its two-decade-long sporting iso…
A Universal Dilemma
As a core and enduring ideal that influenced sports throughout the world for over a century, amateurism has long fascinated scholars. While historians have examined the social origins of amateurism within its institutional seedbed in Britain, the subject has proven resistant to extensive scholarly analysis. Many questions still remain unanswered: What were the mechanisms that took amateurism around the world? How was amateurism received outside o…
The Historical Legacy of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games
Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationNotes on contributorsMatthew LlewellynMatthew P. Llewellyn is an Associate Professor of Kinesiology at the California State University, Fullerton, Co-Director of the Centre for the Socio-Cultural Sport and Olympic Research, Assistant Editor of the Journal of Sport History, and the author of numerous books and journal articles on the history of …
The Rise and Fall of Olympic Amateurism
For decades, amateurism defined the ideals undergirding the Olympic movement. No more. Today's Games present athletes who enjoy open corporate sponsorship and unabashedly compete for lucrative commercial endorsements. The book analyzes how this astonishing transformation took place. Drawing on Olympic archives and a wealth of research across media, the book examines how an elite—white, wealthy, often Anglo-Saxon—controlled and shaped an enormousl…
The old days of amateurism are over’
Tennis featured in every Olympics from 1896 to 1924, after which disagreements between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) on matters pertaining to organisational control and the amateur eligibility of players led to tennis being removed from the Olympic Games as a full-medal event until the 1988 Seoul Olympics. This paper traces the steps of the sport’s reinstatement, from when efforts co…
Political science (28 works) · Law (26 works) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (26 works) · Sports, Gender, and Society (26 works) · History (23 works) · Law (23 works) · Sociology (23 works) · History (20 works) · Politics (16 works) · Media studies (15 works)