Richard Arum
Biographic Data
| ID | 248523 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard Arum |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard |
| FAMILY NAME | Arum |
| SIGNATURE | ARUM R |
| AFFILIATIONS | New York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5024-5378 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 508 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 35 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
How expectations, feedback, and course materials relate to intellectual humility in higher education: Towards a framework for intellectual humility cultivation
Promoting intellectual humility is a traditional virtue espoused in higher education institutions, but very little research has been conducted to identify specific teacher–student interactions associated with it. In this article, we develop a framework for supporting intellectual humility through learning opportunities and quality interactions. In a large sample of students (n = 923) at a diverse West Coast public university, students were asked …
Student and teacher intellectual humility at a diverse research university: The role of academic, demographic, and behavioral metrics
The development of intellectual humility (IH) is increasingly important to institutions of higher learning and society in general. IH disposes individuals to reflect on their own fallibility and relates to their willingness to change their beliefs in light of new evidence. This study explores the complementary role of students’ perceptions of their own and their instructors’ IH. It compares them across different course subjects and types in a lar…
The power of the accused: Rights mobilization and gender inequality in school workplaces - Addendum
Adjusting to college—Do ability beliefs and confidence in getting support matter for performance and mental health
Entering college, students are required to adjust to a new academic and social environment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social interactions with peers and faculty were limited to online settings and access to campus resources was restricted. Hence, students who entered college in fall 2020 began their freshman year under particularly challenging circumstances. We used data from two freshman cohorts, who started college either before or during t…
Epistemic virtue in higher education: Testing the mechanisms of intellectual character development
Epistemic virtues are character traits conducive to principled ways of thinking, leading to a life of flourishing. Recent years have witnessed an emergence of theoretical accounts describing how they develop. However, few if any studies have conducted rigorous empirical investigation into the mechanisms of intellectual virtue development. In this study, we review several significant frameworks before utilizing a randomized, pretest/posttest contr…
The power of the accused: Rights Mobilization and Gender Inequality in School Workplaces
Law and society scholars have long studied rights mobilization and gender inequality from the vantage point of complainants in private workplaces. This article pursues a new direction in this line of inquiry to explore, for the first time, mobilization from the vantage points of complainants and those accused of violating the rights of others in public-school workplaces in the United States. We conceptualize rights mobilization as legal, quasileg…
Stress of university students before and after campus closure in response to Covid‐19
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, universities were forced to adopt a remote learning model, which introduced a number of stressors into college students' everyday life and study habits. The current study investigates if students' study-related stress increased after the pandemic's onset and how individual and contextual factors moderate this potential stress increase. Longitudinal survey data about students' stress levels and self-efficacy in self-r…
Why Do They Enroll in This Course? Undergraduates’ Course Choice From a Motivational Perspective
Why do students pick various courses? Interdisciplinary research has highlighted the role of structural constraints, normative expectations, and individual motivation as the joint influences of agency and structure in the service of life goals. Here, we examined undergraduates’ reasons for course choices for their most difficult and most important courses. We compared the reasons for non-major vs. major courses, for freshman vs. juniors, and acro…
Let's Consider College Teaching
The More You Talk, the Worse It Is: Student Perceptions of Law and Authority in Schools
Prior works have established the association between students’ perceptions of school discipline and both behavioral and academic outcomes. The interplay between disciplinary fairness and students’ perceptions of their rights, however, warrants further investigation. In an effort to better understand the development of students’ perceptions of school disciplinary climates amid variation in school legal environments, we identified students’ percept…
In-services and empty threats: The roles of organizational practices and workplace experiences in shaping U.S. educators’ understandings of students’ rights
Inequality in skill development on college campuses
Stakeholder and Public Responses to Measuring Student Learning
Limited Learning on College Campuses
Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses
Legal Mobilization in Schools: The Paradox of Rights and Race Among Youth
In this article, we analyze ethnoracial patterns in youth perceptions and responses to rights violations and advance a new model of legal mobilization that includes formal, quasi-, and extralegal action. Slightly more than half of the 5,461 students in our sample reported past rights violations involving discrimination, harassment, freedom of expression/assembly, and due process violations in disciplinary procedures. Students, regardless of race,…
Hope and Despair in the American City: Why There Are No Bad Schools in Raleigh
The Reemergence of Self-Employment: A Comparative Study of Self-Employment Dynamics and Social Inequality
This book presents results of a cross-national research project on self-employment in eleven advanced economies and demonstrates how and why the practice is reemerging in modern societies. While traditional forms of self-employment, such as skilled crafts work and shop keeping, are in decline, they are being replaced by self-employment in both professional and unskilled occupations. Differences in self-employment across societies depend on the ex…
Educational Attainment, Teacher-Student Ratios, and the Risk of Adult Incarceration Among U.S. Birth Cohorts Since 1910
Little is known about the relationship between school characteristics, such as teacher-student ratios, and the risk of incarceration in adulthood. Educational skeptics argue that investment in schools has little effect on outcomes, such as criminality or the risk of incarceration, because criminal propensities are fixed at an early age and organizational inefficiencies make public schools incapable of using resources effectively to alter students…
The romance of college attendance: Higher education stratification and mate selection
Sieve, Incubator, Temple, Hub: Empirical and Theoretical Advances in the Sociology of Higher Education
Higher education lacks an intellectually coherent sociology; varied research on colleges and universities is dispersed widely throughout the discipline. This review initiates a critical integration of this scholarship. We argue that sociologists have conceived of higher education systems as sieves for sorting and stratifying populations, incubators for the development of competent social actors, temples for the legitimation of official knowledge,…
Giving to local schools: Corporate philanthropy, tax incentives, and the ecology of need
CHAPTER Seven United States: Changes in Higher Education and Social Stratification
CHAPTER ONE More Inclusion Than Diversion: Expansion, Differentiation, and Market Structure in Higher Education
Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study
The mass expansion of higher education is one of the most important social transformations of the second half of the twentieth century. In this book, scholars from 15 countries, representing Western and Eastern Europe, East Asia, Israel, Australia, and the United States, assess the links between this expansion and inequality in the national context. Contrary to most expectations, the authors show that as access to higher education expands, all so…
Sieve, Incubator, Temple, Hub: Empirical and Theoretical Advances in the Sociology of Higher Education
Higher education lacks an intellectually coherent sociology; varied research on colleges and universities is dispersed widely throughout the discipline. This review initiates a critical integration of this scholarship. We argue that sociologists have conceived of higher education systems as sieves for sorting and stratifying populations, incubators for the development of competent social actors, temples for the legitimation of official knowledge,…
Schools and Communities: Ecological and Institutional Dimensions
Research on the relationship between schools and communities has reemerged as a principal focus of the sociology of education. Current research, however, rejects earlier conceptualizations of school communities as being organized locally and identifiable by reference to demographic and neighborhood characteristics. Neoinstitutional research on schools has focused examination instead on school communities defined as organizational fields. From thi…
Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study
The mass expansion of higher education is one of the most important social transformations of the second half of the twentieth century. In this book, scholars from 15 countries, representing Western and Eastern Europe, East Asia, Israel, Australia, and the United States, assess the links between this expansion and inequality in the national context. Contrary to most expectations, the authors show that as access to higher education expands, all so…
Secondary Vocational Education and the Transition from School to Work
This article reevaluates the effects of high school vocational education on students' odds of being unemployed and students' occupational attainment in the transition from school to work. The question posed is whether vocational secondary education actually benefits its clientele or is simply the crude mechanism of social exclusion that some claim it to be. The authors find that although vocational education inhibits students' likelihood of atten…
High School Experience and the Risk of Adult Incarceration
This study assesses the effects of high school educational experiences on the risk of incarceration for young men aged 19–36 using event history analysis and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data. High school education serves as a defining moment in an individual's life course. Young men who enroll in secondary occupational course work significantly reduce their likelihood of incarceration both overall and net of differences in the adult lab…
Legal Mobilization in Schools: The Paradox of Rights and Race Among Youth
In this article, we analyze ethnoracial patterns in youth perceptions and responses to rights violations and advance a new model of legal mobilization that includes formal, quasi-, and extralegal action. Slightly more than half of the 5,461 students in our sample reported past rights violations involving discrimination, harassment, freedom of expression/assembly, and due process violations in disciplinary procedures. Students, regardless of race,…
Do Private Schools Force Public Schools to Compete
Since the 1980s, public policy analysts and sociologists of education have increasingly focused on differences in school performance between public and private school, but ignored the effect on public school student performance of the wide variation among states in the size of the private school sector. The A. demonstrate that public school students in states with large private school sectors have improved educational outcomes. Contrary to assumt…
The romance of college attendance: Higher education stratification and mate selection
Invested Dollars or Diverted Dreams: The Effect of Resources on Vocational Students' Educational Outcomes
Educational policy to address high school dropout rates has centered largely on two remedies : provide relevant vocational curriculum and invest increased resources in schooling. Critics argue, however, that vocational programs divert working-class students from higher educational attainment and that resources ultimately do not affect students' outcomes. The research presented here examined how the investment of resources affects the outcomes of …
Stress of university students before and after campus closure in response to Covid‐19
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, universities were forced to adopt a remote learning model, which introduced a number of stressors into college students' everyday life and study habits. The current study investigates if students' study-related stress increased after the pandemic's onset and how individual and contextual factors moderate this potential stress increase. Longitudinal survey data about students' stress levels and self-efficacy in self-r…
The Impact of Racially Inclusive Schooling on Adult Incarceration Rates Among U.S. Cohorts of African Americans and Whites Since 1930
Despite the substantial body of research on the psychological and social effects of racial segregation in schools on African Americans, few studies have considered the possibility that more racially inclusive schools might reduce the risk of extremely negative adult life experiences such as incarceration. Yet such a connection is made plausible by research linking black racial isolation in schools to variables that are often associated with incar…
The More You Talk, the Worse It Is: Student Perceptions of Law and Authority in Schools
Prior works have established the association between students’ perceptions of school discipline and both behavioral and academic outcomes. The interplay between disciplinary fairness and students’ perceptions of their rights, however, warrants further investigation. In an effort to better understand the development of students’ perceptions of school disciplinary climates amid variation in school legal environments, we identified students’ percept…
Giving to local schools: Corporate philanthropy, tax incentives, and the ecology of need
In-services and empty threats: The roles of organizational practices and workplace experiences in shaping U.S. educators’ understandings of students’ rights
Labor Market Regulation and the Growth of Self-Employment
This research utilizes state-level measures of labor market regulation and Panel Study of Income Dynamics data to demonstrate the effects of state-level labor market regulation on self-employment growth from 1980 to 1992. Discrete time event history analysis is conducted with controls for state-level fixed effects to generate reliable estimates of the effects of labor market regulation on individual-level self-employment entry and exit. Our findi…
The political economy of inequality in the “age of extremes”
Massey spresidential address correctly points to growing economic inequality as one of the pressing issues of our day, but his analysis gives short shrift to the political institutions that underlie the economic trends. We supplement his analysis with a review of some of those institutions. In particular we point out how politics mediates between computerized production and inequality, between the segregation of education and inequality, and (dra…
The power of the accused: Rights Mobilization and Gender Inequality in School Workplaces
Law and society scholars have long studied rights mobilization and gender inequality from the vantage point of complainants in private workplaces. This article pursues a new direction in this line of inquiry to explore, for the first time, mobilization from the vantage points of complainants and those accused of violating the rights of others in public-school workplaces in the United States. We conceptualize rights mobilization as legal, quasileg…
Inequality in skill development on college campuses
Limited Learning on College Campuses
Hope and Despair in the American City: Why There Are No Bad Schools in Raleigh
Recommended books
Peace Politics: The United Slates Between the Old and New World Orders Paul Joseph (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993)
Secondary Vocational Education and the Transition from School to Work
This article reevaluates the effects of high school vocational education on students' odds of being unemployed and students' occupational attainment in the transition from school to work. The question posed is whether vocational secondary education actually benefits its clientele or is simply the crude mechanism of social exclusion that some claim it to be. The authors find that although vocational education inhibits students' likelihood of atten…
The political economy of inequality in the “age of extremes”
Massey spresidential address correctly points to growing economic inequality as one of the pressing issues of our day, but his analysis gives short shrift to the political institutions that underlie the economic trends. We supplement his analysis with a review of some of those institutions. In particular we point out how politics mediates between computerized production and inequality, between the segregation of education and inequality, and (dra…
Do Private Schools Force Public Schools to Compete
Since the 1980s, public policy analysts and sociologists of education have increasingly focused on differences in school performance between public and private school, but ignored the effect on public school student performance of the wide variation among states in the size of the private school sector. The A. demonstrate that public school students in states with large private school sectors have improved educational outcomes. Contrary to assumt…
Invested Dollars or Diverted Dreams: The Effect of Resources on Vocational Students' Educational Outcomes
Educational policy to address high school dropout rates has centered largely on two remedies : provide relevant vocational curriculum and invest increased resources in schooling. Critics argue, however, that vocational programs divert working-class students from higher educational attainment and that resources ultimately do not affect students' outcomes. The research presented here examined how the investment of resources affects the outcomes of …
High School Experience and the Risk of Adult Incarceration
This study assesses the effects of high school educational experiences on the risk of incarceration for young men aged 19–36 using event history analysis and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data. High school education serves as a defining moment in an individual's life course. Young men who enroll in secondary occupational course work significantly reduce their likelihood of incarceration both overall and net of differences in the adult lab…
From Education to Work: Cross-National Perspectives
Introduction: transitions to employment in a cross-national perspective Walter R. Heinz Part I. Social Origin, Gender, and Transition Patterns: 1. Social and geographical mobility twenty years after High-School Paul Anisef and Anton H. Turrittin 2. Diverse directions: young adults' multiple transitions Zeng Lin, Victor Thiessen and E. Dianne Looker 3. New routes to employment: integration and exclusion John Bynner 4. From education to employment:…
Labor Market Regulation and the Growth of Self-Employment
This research utilizes state-level measures of labor market regulation and Panel Study of Income Dynamics data to demonstrate the effects of state-level labor market regulation on self-employment growth from 1980 to 1992. Discrete time event history analysis is conducted with controls for state-level fixed effects to generate reliable estimates of the effects of labor market regulation on individual-level self-employment entry and exit. Our findi…
Schools and Communities: Ecological and Institutional Dimensions
Research on the relationship between schools and communities has reemerged as a principal focus of the sociology of education. Current research, however, rejects earlier conceptualizations of school communities as being organized locally and identifiable by reference to demographic and neighborhood characteristics. Neoinstitutional research on schools has focused examination instead on school communities defined as organizational fields. From thi…
The Structure of Schooling: Readings in the Sociology of Education
This comprehensive reader in the sociology of education examines important topics and exposes students to examples of sociological research on schools. Drawing from classic and contemporary scholarship, the editors have chosen readings that examine current issues and reflect diverse theoretical approaches to studying the effects of schooling on individuals and society
Judging School Discipline
This powerful account of how decades of mostly well-intended litigation have eroded the moral authority of teachers and principals and degraded the quality of American education offers a rigorous analysis enriched by vivid descriptions of individual cases. The book explores 1,200 cases in which a school's right to control students was contested.
The Impact of Racially Inclusive Schooling on Adult Incarceration Rates Among U.S. Cohorts of African Americans and Whites Since 1930
Despite the substantial body of research on the psychological and social effects of racial segregation in schools on African Americans, few studies have considered the possibility that more racially inclusive schools might reduce the risk of extremely negative adult life experiences such as incarceration. Yet such a connection is made plausible by research linking black racial isolation in schools to variables that are often associated with incar…
CHAPTER Seven United States: Changes in Higher Education and Social Stratification
CHAPTER ONE More Inclusion Than Diversion: Expansion, Differentiation, and Market Structure in Higher Education
Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study
The mass expansion of higher education is one of the most important social transformations of the second half of the twentieth century. In this book, scholars from 15 countries, representing Western and Eastern Europe, East Asia, Israel, Australia, and the United States, assess the links between this expansion and inequality in the national context. Contrary to most expectations, the authors show that as access to higher education expands, all so…
Educational Attainment, Teacher-Student Ratios, and the Risk of Adult Incarceration Among U.S. Birth Cohorts Since 1910
Little is known about the relationship between school characteristics, such as teacher-student ratios, and the risk of incarceration in adulthood. Educational skeptics argue that investment in schools has little effect on outcomes, such as criminality or the risk of incarceration, because criminal propensities are fixed at an early age and organizational inefficiencies make public schools incapable of using resources effectively to alter students…
The romance of college attendance: Higher education stratification and mate selection
Sieve, Incubator, Temple, Hub: Empirical and Theoretical Advances in the Sociology of Higher Education
Higher education lacks an intellectually coherent sociology; varied research on colleges and universities is dispersed widely throughout the discipline. This review initiates a critical integration of this scholarship. We argue that sociologists have conceived of higher education systems as sieves for sorting and stratifying populations, incubators for the development of competent social actors, temples for the legitimation of official knowledge,…
Giving to local schools: Corporate philanthropy, tax incentives, and the ecology of need
The Reemergence of Self-Employment: A Comparative Study of Self-Employment Dynamics and Social Inequality
This book presents results of a cross-national research project on self-employment in eleven advanced economies and demonstrates how and why the practice is reemerging in modern societies. While traditional forms of self-employment, such as skilled crafts work and shop keeping, are in decline, they are being replaced by self-employment in both professional and unskilled occupations. Differences in self-employment across societies depend on the ex…
Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses
Legal Mobilization in Schools: The Paradox of Rights and Race Among Youth
In this article, we analyze ethnoracial patterns in youth perceptions and responses to rights violations and advance a new model of legal mobilization that includes formal, quasi-, and extralegal action. Slightly more than half of the 5,461 students in our sample reported past rights violations involving discrimination, harassment, freedom of expression/assembly, and due process violations in disciplinary procedures. Students, regardless of race,…
Hope and Despair in the American City: Why There Are No Bad Schools in Raleigh
Limited Learning on College Campuses
Stakeholder and Public Responses to Measuring Student Learning
Sociology (23 works) · Political science (22 works) · Psychology (19 works) · Mathematics education (10 works) · Economics (9 works) · Demographic economics (8 works) · Medicine (8 works) · Pedagogy (8 works) · Educational attainment (6 works) · Higher education (6 works)