Paul S Lambert
Biographic Data
| ID | 251465 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul S Lambert |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul S |
| FAMILY NAME | Lambert |
| SIGNATURE | LAMBERT P S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Stirling |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3045-4172 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 183 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1967 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Outdoor environmental education: Turning back to the environment at a time of climate and nature emergency
Vignette Research: Research Methods
Vignette research is an innovative qualitative, narrative and phenomenological research methodology that has gained international recognition, sparking interest from a wide range of individuals and institutions in global contexts. Vignettes are concise narratives, which capture human experiences in real life settings. They reveal surprising or intriguing facets and intangible moments. The experiential narratives resonate with readers and reduce t…
Lesbians, Gays, and Bisexuals Asset-based Welfare and Housing in Great Britain
The role of housing in providing a welfare asset has been widely explored. With the growth in home ownership between 1979 and 2008 and erosion of the welfare state, housing wealth has become part of the welfare mix in the UK. Here, we present analysis of housing outcomes, as measured in the UK Household Longitudinal Survey (UKHLS), among people who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual in Great Britain. This shows that lesbian, gay, and bisexual …
Attitudes toward healthcare performance in Europe, 2002–2017: How absolute and relative measures can reveal different patterns
Citizens’ attitudes towards their national healthcare are important indicators of satisfaction and of political perspectives. In this article we summarise individual and national level patterns in healthcare evaluations across Europe. An innovative feature of our analysis is that we demonstrate that assessing healthcare evaluations in relative terms (relative to citizens’ views about the performance of national institutions in other domains), off…
Social stratification: Past, present, and future
‘Social Stratification, Past, Present, and Future’ celebrates the 50th anniversary of the annual Cambridge Social Stratification Seminar. This editorial presents a brief characterisation of the ‘Cambridge school’ approach that has featured prominently through the seminar’s lifetime. Then it discusses the domains and topics explored in this issue – education; intergenerational transmission of inequality; family, work and employment; occupations; m…
Networks, Hierarchy, and “Stickiness”
Occupational inequalities in volunteering participation: Using detailed data on jobs to explore the influence of habits and circumstances
In this paper we present empirical results that show that detailed occupations have distinctive patterns of association with voluntary participation. We draw upon data from four secondary survey datasets from the UK (coverage 1972-2012). Occupations are shown to link to volunteering in a wide range of scenarios and in individual, household, and longitudinal contexts. We argue that these linkages provide insight into social inequalities in volunte…
Class, status and lifestyle: On Omnivores, Distinction, and the Measurement of Social Position
First paragraph: Methods maketh the man? Even within the relatively specialized domain of the multivariate analysis of larger‐scale social survey data on patterns of lifestyle and social inequalities, the papers by Chan and by Flemmen et al. demonstrate work from very different analytical orientations. Is it possible that the differences in their broader descriptive and theoretical conclusions flow to a large degree from their divergent methodolo…
Microclass immobility during industrialisation in the USA and Norway
The 'microclass' approach advocated by Grusky, Weeden and colleagues emphasises fine-grained occupational differences and their relevance to social reproduction and social mobility. Using recent developments in historical occupational classifications, we adopted a microclass approach to the analysis of intergenerational social mobility using linked census data for Norway and the USA in the late 19th and early 20th century (1850-1910). We describe…
Can class and status really be disentangled
An analysis of suicide trends in Scotland 1950–2014: Comparison with England & Wales
Trend analysis is useful in identifying 'vulnerable' cohorts, providing opportunities to develop suicide prevention strategies addressing these cohorts as they age
A Review of occupation-based social classifications for social survey research
This article is a review of issues associated with measuring occupations and using occupation-based socio-economic classifications in social science research. The review is orientated towards researchers who undertake secondary analysis of large-scale micro-level social science datasets. This article begins with an outline of how to handle raw occupational information. This is followed by an introduction to the two main approaches to measuring oc…
A review of educational attainment measures for social survey research
This article is a review of issues associated with measuring education and using educational measures in social science research. The review is orientated towards researchers who undertake secondary analyses of large-scale micro-level social science datasets. The article begins with an outline of important context, which impinges upon the measurement of education. The United Kingdom is the focus of this review, but similar issues apply to other n…
The Future of Professional Photojournalism: Perceptions of risk
The work practices of the professional photojournalist are currently undergoing rapid change in the digital era. New technologies, new platforms and new methods of visual storytelling are exerting a range of pressures and influences that require photojournalists to adapt and respond in different ways. The changes provoke a number of questions that are critical to the future of professional photojournalism: What are the new risks being faced by ph…
Modelling key variables in social science research: Introduction to the special section
Statistical modelling of key variables in social survey data analysis
The application of statistical modelling techniques has become a cornerstone of analyses of large-scale social survey data. Bringing this special section on key variables to a close, this final article discusses several important issues relating to the inclusion of key variables in statistical modelling analyses. We outline two, often neglected, issues that are relevant to a great many applications of statistical models based upon social survey d…
Conclusion: Special section on modelling key variables in social science research
Ethnicity and ethnic group measures in social survey research
This article is a review of issues associated with measuring ethnicity and using ethnicity measures in social science research. The review is oriented towards researchers who undertake secondary analyses of large-scale multipurpose social science datasets. The article begins with an outline of two main approaches used in social surveys to measure ethnicity, the 'mutually exclusive category' approach and the 'multiple characteristics' approach. We…
Gender, Occupation and First Birth: Do 'Career Men' Delay First Birth Too
In the period following the turn of the Century European total fertility rates (TFR) dropped to well below replacement. Work examining this highlights that cohort postponement in births contributes to low TFRs. It is generally recognised that women in more advantaged occupations often postpone childbearing in contrast to those in less advantaged occupational groups. However, relatively little research has been conducted on men in similar terms. T…
Measuring the Potential Power Elite in the UK and Sweden
This paper proposes a methodology for using survey data to understand the composition of elites, through analysing the pool of potential members. An occupational-based measure of ‘potential power elite’ (PPE) is created and compared with other measures of occupational advantage. It is argued that this measure can be utilised to explore if the processes causing certain social groups to be under-represented in elite positions are around selection o…
Using occupation-based social classifications
Occupation-based social classifications are important social indicators, but are easily misunderstood. Using survey data from the UK and Sweden, we summarize the empirical relations between a number of alternative occupation-based social classifications. Results indicate similarity between most measures, though there are often quite considerable differences in the properties of related classifications according to the level of detail at which the…
The Construction of Hiscam: A Stratification Scale Based on Social Interactions for Historical Comparative Research
A new occupational stratification scale, "HISCAM" (historical CAMSIS), has been developed to facilitate the analysis of data coded to the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations. This article describes the derivation and properties of the HISCAM measure. The scale was derived using patterns of inter-generational occupational connections, replicating a method of "social interaction distance" analysis which is widely used in…
Dimensions and Boundaries: Comparative Analysis of Occupational Structures Using Social Network and Social Interaction Distance Analysis
This paper analyses social interactions between detailed occupational positions as a means of exploring social and occupational inequalities. Two methods are employed: descriptive techniques of social network analysis, and a well-established modelling approach (the 'CAMSIS' method of 'Social Interaction Distance' analysis). New results on occupational connections are presented for four countries - the United States, Romania, the Philippines and V…
Children of International Migrants in Europe: Comparative Perspectives
This book is a comparative analysis of children of international migrants in Britain, France and Germany, using survey data from the EFFNATIS project. By analysing data on linguistic, structural, poli
Enabling Quantitative Data Analysis Through e-Infrastructure
This article discusses how quantitative data analysis in the social sciences can engage with and exploit an e-Infrastructure. We highlight how a number of activities that are central to quantitative data analysis, referred to as ‘‘data management,’’ can benefit from e-Infrastructural support. We conclude by discussing how these issues are relevant to the Data Management through e-Social Science (DAMES) research Node, an ongoing project that aims …
Using occupation-based social classifications
Occupation-based social classifications are important social indicators, but are easily misunderstood. Using survey data from the UK and Sweden, we summarize the empirical relations between a number of alternative occupation-based social classifications. Results indicate similarity between most measures, though there are often quite considerable differences in the properties of related classifications according to the level of detail at which the…
The Construction of Hiscam: A Stratification Scale Based on Social Interactions for Historical Comparative Research
A new occupational stratification scale, "HISCAM" (historical CAMSIS), has been developed to facilitate the analysis of data coded to the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations. This article describes the derivation and properties of the HISCAM measure. The scale was derived using patterns of inter-generational occupational connections, replicating a method of "social interaction distance" analysis which is widely used in…
Marriage, Social Distance and the Social Space: An Alternative Derivation and Validation of the Cambridge Scale
There is a danger that the Cambridge Scale, which is based on data collected thirty years ago, is becoming out of date. This article considers an alternative basis for a social interaction-based social distance scale, that of marriage (or cohabitation) rather than friendship. This has considerable advantages in terms of the ready, low-cost availability of large-scale, representative data (usually from a census). It also makes easily possible the …
By Slow Degrees: Two Centuries of Social Reproduction and Mobility in Britain
This paper discusses long term trends in patterns of intergenerational social mobility in Britain. We argue that there is convincing empirical evidence of a small but steady linear trend towards increasing social mobility throughout the period 1800-2004. Our conclusions are based upon the construction and analysis of an extended micro-social dataset, which combines records from an historical genealogical study, with responses from 31 sample surve…
Ethnicity and ethnic group measures in social survey research
This article is a review of issues associated with measuring ethnicity and using ethnicity measures in social science research. The review is oriented towards researchers who undertake secondary analyses of large-scale multipurpose social science datasets. The article begins with an outline of two main approaches used in social surveys to measure ethnicity, the 'mutually exclusive category' approach and the 'multiple characteristics' approach. We…
Can class and status really be disentangled
Statistical modelling of key variables in social survey data analysis
The application of statistical modelling techniques has become a cornerstone of analyses of large-scale social survey data. Bringing this special section on key variables to a close, this final article discusses several important issues relating to the inclusion of key variables in statistical modelling analyses. We outline two, often neglected, issues that are relevant to a great many applications of statistical models based upon social survey d…
Using Quasi-variance to Communicate Sociological Results from Statistical Models
This article introduces a sociological audience to `quasi-variances' as a solution to the `reference category problem'.The reference category problem is associated with the interpretation of the effects of categorical explanatory variables within statistical models, and is especially relevant to sociological applications, where categorical explanatory variables are very common. This article presents a selection of examples (using multiple and log…
Microclass immobility during industrialisation in the USA and Norway
The 'microclass' approach advocated by Grusky, Weeden and colleagues emphasises fine-grained occupational differences and their relevance to social reproduction and social mobility. Using recent developments in historical occupational classifications, we adopted a microclass approach to the analysis of intergenerational social mobility using linked census data for Norway and the USA in the late 19th and early 20th century (1850-1910). We describe…
The importance of specificity in occupation‐based social classifications
Purpose This paper aims to present reasons why social classifications which use occupations should seek to adopt “specific” approaches which are tailored to the country, time period and gender of the subjects under study. Design/methodology/approach The relative motivations for adopting a specific approach to social classifications are discussed and theoretical perspectives on specificity and empirical evidence on the contribution of specific app…
Dimensions and Boundaries: Comparative Analysis of Occupational Structures Using Social Network and Social Interaction Distance Analysis
This paper analyses social interactions between detailed occupational positions as a means of exploring social and occupational inequalities. Two methods are employed: descriptive techniques of social network analysis, and a well-established modelling approach (the 'CAMSIS' method of 'Social Interaction Distance' analysis). New results on occupational connections are presented for four countries - the United States, Romania, the Philippines and V…
Gender, Occupation and First Birth: Do 'Career Men' Delay First Birth Too
In the period following the turn of the Century European total fertility rates (TFR) dropped to well below replacement. Work examining this highlights that cohort postponement in births contributes to low TFRs. It is generally recognised that women in more advantaged occupations often postpone childbearing in contrast to those in less advantaged occupational groups. However, relatively little research has been conducted on men in similar terms. T…
The social context of school bullying: Evidence from a survey of children in South Wales
The article presents a descriptive review of the various patterns of association with school bullying that were revealed in a survey of over 26,000 children aged 11–16 in South Wales. The survey examined risks and protective factors for young people and included a question about being a bully and another about being bullied. Following regression analyses, significant associations were found between being a bully and various attitudinal and behavi…
Attitudes toward healthcare performance in Europe, 2002–2017: How absolute and relative measures can reveal different patterns
Citizens’ attitudes towards their national healthcare are important indicators of satisfaction and of political perspectives. In this article we summarise individual and national level patterns in healthcare evaluations across Europe. An innovative feature of our analysis is that we demonstrate that assessing healthcare evaluations in relative terms (relative to citizens’ views about the performance of national institutions in other domains), off…
Occupational inequalities in volunteering participation: Using detailed data on jobs to explore the influence of habits and circumstances
In this paper we present empirical results that show that detailed occupations have distinctive patterns of association with voluntary participation. We draw upon data from four secondary survey datasets from the UK (coverage 1972-2012). Occupations are shown to link to volunteering in a wide range of scenarios and in individual, household, and longitudinal contexts. We argue that these linkages provide insight into social inequalities in volunte…
Class, status and lifestyle: On Omnivores, Distinction, and the Measurement of Social Position
First paragraph: Methods maketh the man? Even within the relatively specialized domain of the multivariate analysis of larger‐scale social survey data on patterns of lifestyle and social inequalities, the papers by Chan and by Flemmen et al. demonstrate work from very different analytical orientations. Is it possible that the differences in their broader descriptive and theoretical conclusions flow to a large degree from their divergent methodolo…
The Future of Professional Photojournalism: Perceptions of risk
The work practices of the professional photojournalist are currently undergoing rapid change in the digital era. New technologies, new platforms and new methods of visual storytelling are exerting a range of pressures and influences that require photojournalists to adapt and respond in different ways. The changes provoke a number of questions that are critical to the future of professional photojournalism: What are the new risks being faced by ph…
Measuring the Potential Power Elite in the UK and Sweden
This paper proposes a methodology for using survey data to understand the composition of elites, through analysing the pool of potential members. An occupational-based measure of ‘potential power elite’ (PPE) is created and compared with other measures of occupational advantage. It is argued that this measure can be utilised to explore if the processes causing certain social groups to be under-represented in elite positions are around selection o…
The Value Added Tax
Marriage, Social Distance and the Social Space: An Alternative Derivation and Validation of the Cambridge Scale
There is a danger that the Cambridge Scale, which is based on data collected thirty years ago, is becoming out of date. This article considers an alternative basis for a social interaction-based social distance scale, that of marriage (or cohabitation) rather than friendship. This has considerable advantages in terms of the ready, low-cost availability of large-scale, representative data (usually from a census). It also makes easily possible the …
Using Quasi-variance to Communicate Sociological Results from Statistical Models
This article introduces a sociological audience to `quasi-variances' as a solution to the `reference category problem'.The reference category problem is associated with the interpretation of the effects of categorical explanatory variables within statistical models, and is especially relevant to sociological applications, where categorical explanatory variables are very common. This article presents a selection of examples (using multiple and log…
By Slow Degrees: Two Centuries of Social Reproduction and Mobility in Britain
This paper discusses long term trends in patterns of intergenerational social mobility in Britain. We argue that there is convincing empirical evidence of a small but steady linear trend towards increasing social mobility throughout the period 1800-2004. Our conclusions are based upon the construction and analysis of an extended micro-social dataset, which combines records from an historical genealogical study, with responses from 31 sample surve…
The social context of school bullying: Evidence from a survey of children in South Wales
The article presents a descriptive review of the various patterns of association with school bullying that were revealed in a survey of over 26,000 children aged 11–16 in South Wales. The survey examined risks and protective factors for young people and included a question about being a bully and another about being bullied. Following regression analyses, significant associations were found between being a bully and various attitudinal and behavi…
The importance of specificity in occupation‐based social classifications
Purpose This paper aims to present reasons why social classifications which use occupations should seek to adopt “specific” approaches which are tailored to the country, time period and gender of the subjects under study. Design/methodology/approach The relative motivations for adopting a specific approach to social classifications are discussed and theoretical perspectives on specificity and empirical evidence on the contribution of specific app…
Children of International Migrants in Europe: Comparative Perspectives
This book is a comparative analysis of children of international migrants in Britain, France and Germany, using survey data from the EFFNATIS project. By analysing data on linguistic, structural, poli
Enabling Quantitative Data Analysis Through e-Infrastructure
This article discusses how quantitative data analysis in the social sciences can engage with and exploit an e-Infrastructure. We highlight how a number of activities that are central to quantitative data analysis, referred to as ‘‘data management,’’ can benefit from e-Infrastructural support. We conclude by discussing how these issues are relevant to the Data Management through e-Social Science (DAMES) research Node, an ongoing project that aims …
Dimensions and Boundaries: Comparative Analysis of Occupational Structures Using Social Network and Social Interaction Distance Analysis
This paper analyses social interactions between detailed occupational positions as a means of exploring social and occupational inequalities. Two methods are employed: descriptive techniques of social network analysis, and a well-established modelling approach (the 'CAMSIS' method of 'Social Interaction Distance' analysis). New results on occupational connections are presented for four countries - the United States, Romania, the Philippines and V…
The Construction of Hiscam: A Stratification Scale Based on Social Interactions for Historical Comparative Research
A new occupational stratification scale, "HISCAM" (historical CAMSIS), has been developed to facilitate the analysis of data coded to the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations. This article describes the derivation and properties of the HISCAM measure. The scale was derived using patterns of inter-generational occupational connections, replicating a method of "social interaction distance" analysis which is widely used in…
Measuring the Potential Power Elite in the UK and Sweden
This paper proposes a methodology for using survey data to understand the composition of elites, through analysing the pool of potential members. An occupational-based measure of ‘potential power elite’ (PPE) is created and compared with other measures of occupational advantage. It is argued that this measure can be utilised to explore if the processes causing certain social groups to be under-represented in elite positions are around selection o…
Using occupation-based social classifications
Occupation-based social classifications are important social indicators, but are easily misunderstood. Using survey data from the UK and Sweden, we summarize the empirical relations between a number of alternative occupation-based social classifications. Results indicate similarity between most measures, though there are often quite considerable differences in the properties of related classifications according to the level of detail at which the…
A Review of occupation-based social classifications for social survey research
This article is a review of issues associated with measuring occupations and using occupation-based socio-economic classifications in social science research. The review is orientated towards researchers who undertake secondary analysis of large-scale micro-level social science datasets. This article begins with an outline of how to handle raw occupational information. This is followed by an introduction to the two main approaches to measuring oc…
A review of educational attainment measures for social survey research
This article is a review of issues associated with measuring education and using educational measures in social science research. The review is orientated towards researchers who undertake secondary analyses of large-scale micro-level social science datasets. The article begins with an outline of important context, which impinges upon the measurement of education. The United Kingdom is the focus of this review, but similar issues apply to other n…
The Future of Professional Photojournalism: Perceptions of risk
The work practices of the professional photojournalist are currently undergoing rapid change in the digital era. New technologies, new platforms and new methods of visual storytelling are exerting a range of pressures and influences that require photojournalists to adapt and respond in different ways. The changes provoke a number of questions that are critical to the future of professional photojournalism: What are the new risks being faced by ph…
Modelling key variables in social science research: Introduction to the special section
Statistical modelling of key variables in social survey data analysis
The application of statistical modelling techniques has become a cornerstone of analyses of large-scale social survey data. Bringing this special section on key variables to a close, this final article discusses several important issues relating to the inclusion of key variables in statistical modelling analyses. We outline two, often neglected, issues that are relevant to a great many applications of statistical models based upon social survey d…
Conclusion: Special section on modelling key variables in social science research
Ethnicity and ethnic group measures in social survey research
This article is a review of issues associated with measuring ethnicity and using ethnicity measures in social science research. The review is oriented towards researchers who undertake secondary analyses of large-scale multipurpose social science datasets. The article begins with an outline of two main approaches used in social surveys to measure ethnicity, the 'mutually exclusive category' approach and the 'multiple characteristics' approach. We…
Gender, Occupation and First Birth: Do 'Career Men' Delay First Birth Too
In the period following the turn of the Century European total fertility rates (TFR) dropped to well below replacement. Work examining this highlights that cohort postponement in births contributes to low TFRs. It is generally recognised that women in more advantaged occupations often postpone childbearing in contrast to those in less advantaged occupational groups. However, relatively little research has been conducted on men in similar terms. T…
An analysis of suicide trends in Scotland 1950–2014: Comparison with England & Wales
Trend analysis is useful in identifying 'vulnerable' cohorts, providing opportunities to develop suicide prevention strategies addressing these cohorts as they age
Can class and status really be disentangled
Class, status and lifestyle: On Omnivores, Distinction, and the Measurement of Social Position
First paragraph: Methods maketh the man? Even within the relatively specialized domain of the multivariate analysis of larger‐scale social survey data on patterns of lifestyle and social inequalities, the papers by Chan and by Flemmen et al. demonstrate work from very different analytical orientations. Is it possible that the differences in their broader descriptive and theoretical conclusions flow to a large degree from their divergent methodolo…
Microclass immobility during industrialisation in the USA and Norway
The 'microclass' approach advocated by Grusky, Weeden and colleagues emphasises fine-grained occupational differences and their relevance to social reproduction and social mobility. Using recent developments in historical occupational classifications, we adopted a microclass approach to the analysis of intergenerational social mobility using linked census data for Norway and the USA in the late 19th and early 20th century (1850-1910). We describe…
Occupational inequalities in volunteering participation: Using detailed data on jobs to explore the influence of habits and circumstances
In this paper we present empirical results that show that detailed occupations have distinctive patterns of association with voluntary participation. We draw upon data from four secondary survey datasets from the UK (coverage 1972-2012). Occupations are shown to link to volunteering in a wide range of scenarios and in individual, household, and longitudinal contexts. We argue that these linkages provide insight into social inequalities in volunte…
Sociology (23 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Social science (13 works) · Psychology (12 works) · Economics (11 works) · Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies (11 works) · Geography (10 works) · Political science (10 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (8 works) · Demography (7 works)