Abraham L Newman
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 256713 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Abraham L Newman |
| PRENOMES | Abraham L |
| SOBRENOME | Newman |
| ASSINATURA | NEWMAN A L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Georgetown University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4105-1229 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 55 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1162 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 55 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2003 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 18 |
The Politics of Information in an Age of Weaponized Interdependence
Global communication flows increasingly face efforts to renationalize information control, most visibly through data localization rules requiring firms to store user data within national borders. While prior research often emphasizes regime type (i.e., autocratic incentives) to explain such policies, we argue that international factors also play a central role. Data flows are both channels of economic opportunity and sources of strategic vulnerab…
When an ant becomes a pest
A state’s ability to engage in economic coercion increasingly relies on its control over strategic chokepoints in the global economy. Despite the potential international advantages of growing central hub firms in key economic networks, we argue that autocratic governments, in particular, may face internal domestic pressures that limit such development. Growing globally dominant firms creates two parallel risks for autocratic regime survival; that…
Financial Sanction Spillovers and Firm Interdependence
States increasingly outsource coercion to the market, using sanctions to deter private actors from dealing with blacklisted entities. Despite the key role of such intermediaries, research on economic statecraft is ambiguous about the effect and boundaries of such actions on market participants. We analyze the impact of the Trump administration’s actions against Chinese tech giant Tencent. Leveraging an event-study, we find that sanctions negative…
Driven to Self-Reliance
States face a dilemma on how to balance gains from technological advancement with the risks of dependence. Technology is central to government objectives of security and growth. As innovation systems become globalized, countries cooperate to catch up and stay at the innovation frontier. Interdependence, however, also exposes states to potential coercion. We argue that a state’s position vis-à-vis technological interdependence is not primarily der…
Further Back to the Future
With the Liberal International Order (LIO) in decline, scholars have focused increasingly on the possible return to a Westphalian great power system marked by sovereigntist claims and balancing among states. The actions of the Trump administration, however, raise a number of significant puzzles for such accounts—the US seems willing to sign deals with traditional adversaries including Russia and China, while targeting long-standing allies like Ca…
When Serving the Public Interest Generates Private Gains
From speech to privacy, broad public interests are increasingly governed online by policy decisions taken by private companies. We examine when and how firms make such decisions. In contrast to the shadow of hierarchy and functionalist explanations of private authority, we build an analytical framework based on business power and the economics literature concerned with two-sided markets. We argue that companies operating as digital platforms may …
Running out the digital clock
When digital taxes come due
Secondary effects of financial sanctions
As states employ financial sanctions as a form of economic coercion, firms become the foot soldiers. This analysis bridges work on weaponized interdependence with work on extraterritorial authority to understand the de-risking behavior of these firms. Companies fearing extraterritorial enforcement are likely to limit exposure to third party jurisdictions, which may expose the firm to the sanctions regime. In particular, we identify two mechanisms…
The civic transformation of data privacy implementation in Europe
Recent data protection laws in the EU institutionalise NGO engagement with regulators and enable new mechanisms for bottom-up policy implementation. The article studies thirteen European NGOs and maps their contribution to policy implementation based on a novel typology for understanding their scope (national vs. transnational) and goals (direct vs. strategic) of actions. The article asks: (1) how do NGOs vary in their contribution to data privac…
Over the shoulder enforcement in European regulatory networks
Across many domains, the European Union relies on a system of regulatory network-based enforcement. National agencies work with peers to carry out on-the-ground implementation of supranational law. Network-based enforcement, however, raises concerns including regulatory capture and shirking. We explore how a novel governance tool – arbitrage mitigation mechanisms – may address some of these issues. These mechanisms are formal institutional proced…
Enforcing European Privacy Regulations from Below
The European Union is a global leader in data protection. Nevertheless, its efforts to shape market practice have been criticized as bureaucratic and lacking citizen participation. The adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has again stoked a heated implementation debate, focusing either on the law's complexity or its new enforcement sanctions. This article draws attention to a less explored provision, Article 80, which allows …
The Financialization of International Law
We investigate how the international investment regime turned into an investment vehicle. Through the process called third-party funding, financiers back international legal claims by firms against countries and in turn seek a share of any potential award. More generally, we add to debates on how international regimes evolve and at times generate unanticipated consequences. Building off work on the sociology of fields, we argue that institutional…
The Janus Face of the Liberal International Information Order
Scholars and policymakers long believed that norms of global information openness and private-sector governance helped to sustain and promote liberalism. These norms are being increasingly contested within liberal democracies. In this article, we argue that a key source of debate over the Liberal International Information Order (LIIO), a sub-order of the Liberal International Order (LIO), is generated internally by “self-undermining feedback effe…
The Big Reveal
Analysis of the post-COVID world tends to gravitate to one of two poles. For some, the pandemic is a crisis that will reshuffle the decks, producing a fundamental reordering of global politics. For others, the basic principles of the international order are likely to remain much the same, driven largely by the emerging bipolar system between the US and China. We find both narratives dissatisfying, as the former overinterprets the causal role of t…
Domestic courts, transnational law, and international order
This article revisits the relationship between law and international order. Building on legal research concerned with transnational law, we argue that domestic courts are endogenous sites of international political change. National courts are constitutive of international order by generating new rules, adjudicating transnational disputes, and bounding state sovereignty. We illustrate the ways in which national courts create new political opportun…
Defending core values
Are states willing to overlook human rights violations to reap the fruits of international cooperation? Existing research suggests that this is often the case: security, diplomatic, or commercial gains may trump human rights abuse by partners. We argue, however, that criminal-justice cooperation might be obstructed when it undermines core values of individual freedoms and human rights, since the breach of these values exposes the cooperating stat…
Of Privacy and Power
Weaponized Interdependence
Liberals claim that globalization has led to fragmentation and decentralized networks of power relations. This does not explain how states increasingly “weaponize interdependence” by leveraging global networks of informational and financial exchange for strategic advantage. The theoretical literature on network topography shows how standard models predict that many networks grow asymmetrically so that some nodes are far more connected than others…
Of Privacy and Power
We live in an interconnected world, where security problems like terrorism are spilling across borders, and globalized data networks and e-commerce platforms are reshaping the world economy. This means that states' jurisdictions and rule systems clash. How have they negotiated their differences over freedom and security? Of Privacy and Power investigates how the European Union and United States, the two major regulatory systems in world politics,…
The MNC‐Coalition Paradox
While the EU takes on an increasingly global regulatory role, we have only a limited understanding of how or when foreign firms influence EU regulation. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) have many of the power resources that determine lobbying success. We argue, however, that high salience blunts foreign corporate power. High salience generates legitimacy concerns for EU institutions, creating a political opportunity structure that favours plural…
Mobilizing Market Power
States with large markets routinely compete with one another to shield domestic regulatory policies from global pressure, export their rules to other jurisdictions, and provide their firms with competitive advantages. Most arguments about market power tend to operationalize the concept in economic terms. In this paper, we argue that a state's ability to leverage or block these adjustment pressures is not only conditioned by their relative economi…
Global European Union Studies
What is ‘European Union Studies’? Answers to this question shape scholarly and public thinking about the European Union, and its member states and citizens. The articles in this special issue, devoted to the best papers presented at the 2017 European Union Studies Association biennial conference in Miami, sketch a perspective, which I call Global European Union Studies. This approach recognizes that European integration is embedded within a large…
Linkage Politics and Complex Governance in Transatlantic Surveillance
Globalization blurs the traditional distinction between high and low politics, creating connections between previously discrete issue areas. An important existing literature focuses on how states may intentionally tie policy areas together to enhance cooperation. Building on recent scholarship in historical institutionalism, the authors emphasize how the extent of political discretion enjoyed by heads of state to negotiate and implement internati…
Form over function in finance
Dominant perspectives in International Relations start from the assumption that the problem-constellation determines international institutional design. Given the difficulty these ends-oriented approaches face when explaining institutional inefficiencies and pathologies, this article develops an alternate perspective based on anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss's concept of bricolage. Design by bricolage starts from the premise that actors are mea…
Weaponized Interdependence
Liberals claim that globalization has led to fragmentation and decentralized networks of power relations. This does not explain how states increasingly “weaponize interdependence” by leveraging global networks of informational and financial exchange for strategic advantage. The theoretical literature on network topography shows how standard models predict that many networks grow asymmetrically so that some nodes are far more connected than others…
Escaping the International Governance Dilemma? Incorporated Transgovernmental Networks in the European Union
This article investigates the role of transgovernmental networks of national regulators in addressing collective action problems endemic to international cooperation. In contrast to recent work on transgovernmental actors, which emphasizes such networks as alternatives to more traditional international institutions, we examine the synergistic interaction between the two. Building on the broader premise that patterns of “dual delegation” above and…
Domestic Institutions beyond the Nation-State
What is the relationship between domestic and international politics in a world of economic interdependence? This article discusses and organizes an emerging body of scholarship, which the authors label the new interdependence approach, addressing how transnational interactions shape domestic institutions and global politics in a world of economic interdependence. This literature makes three important contributions. First, it examines how domesti…
The European regulatory state and global public policy
Across a broad range of sectors, Europe is increasingly shaping global public policy. Existing research stressing the importance of market size for international regulatory influence cannot satisfactorily account for this. We contend that the rise of the regulatory state within Europe has significant international implications, augmenting Europe's ability to shape global market rules. The article develops an institutional explanation of regulator…
Making global markets
As dramatically evidenced by the global financial crisis, the interaction of domestic regulatory systems has significant international consequences. Nevertheless, these relationships have received only limited attention from international relations scholars. This special issue, therefore, provides a detailed examination of international market regulation – the processes through which the domestic regulatory activities of states and other actors s…
Building Transnational Civil Liberties
Democratic nations have long struggled to set the proper balance between individual freedom and government control. The rise of digital communications networks, market integration, and international terrorism has transformed many national civil liberties issues into important international debates. The European Union was among the first jurisdictions to manage these new transnational civil liberties with the adoption of a data privacy directive i…
Transgovernmental Networks and Domestic Policy Convergence
Cross-border cooperation among domestic regulators and public officials has become a defining feature of global governance. While a number of studies have tracked the emergence and institutionalization of such transgovernmental networks, less is known about their effect on domestic policy. This study explores this link for the important case of insider-trading regulation in original data for 116 countries between 1977 and 2006. It offers quantita…
The new interdependence approach
Mainstream approaches to international political economy seek to explain the political transformations that have made more open trade relations possible. They stress how changing coalitions of interest groups within particular states and changing functional needs of states give rise to new international agreements. While these approaches remain valuable, they only imperfectly encompass a new set of important causal relations. We now live in the w…
The New Politics of Interdependence
How are regulatory disputes between the major powers resolved? Existing literature generally characterizes such regulatory disagreements as system clash, in which national systems of regulation come into conflict, so that one sets the global standard, and the other adjusts or is marginalized. In this article, we offer an alternative account, which bridges early literature on interdependence with work from Historical Institutionalism in comparativ…
Domestic drivers of transgovernmental regulatory cooperation
Transgovernmental cooperation among domestic regulators has generated considerable interest among scholars and policymakers. While previous research has focused on describing such regulatory networks, we know very little about what drives individual jurisdictions to join them. The question of membership is important because it determines the reach of rules and standards promulgated by a given network, and because it is logically prior to understa…
The Big Reveal
Analysis of the post-COVID world tends to gravitate to one of two poles. For some, the pandemic is a crisis that will reshuffle the decks, producing a fundamental reordering of global politics. For others, the basic principles of the international order are likely to remain much the same, driven largely by the emerging bipolar system between the US and China. We find both narratives dissatisfying, as the former overinterprets the causal role of t…
The MNC‐Coalition Paradox
While the EU takes on an increasingly global regulatory role, we have only a limited understanding of how or when foreign firms influence EU regulation. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) have many of the power resources that determine lobbying success. We argue, however, that high salience blunts foreign corporate power. High salience generates legitimacy concerns for EU institutions, creating a political opportunity structure that favours plural…
The Long Arm of the Law
Can the application of domestic law by bureaucracies in powerful states alter policy dynamics globally? Courts and regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over large markets routinely impose national rules to conduct transpiring outside of their physical borders. Such extraterritoriality has expanded to issues ranging from antitrust to the environment. Proponents claim that extraterritorial acts can have far-reaching international consequences, spi…
The Janus Face of the Liberal International Information Order
Scholars and policymakers long believed that norms of global information openness and private-sector governance helped to sustain and promote liberalism. These norms are being increasingly contested within liberal democracies. In this article, we argue that a key source of debate over the Liberal International Information Order (LIIO), a sub-order of the Liberal International Order (LIO), is generated internally by “self-undermining feedback effe…
Putting the EU in its place
On the one hand, research has trumpeted the European Union's (EU's) influence over international regulation. On the other hand, a significant literature details the limits of EU efforts. How can we reconcile these conflicting findings? This contribution's answer turns on the global regulatory context, two dimensions of which (the distribution of regulatory capacity across the major economies and institutional density at the global level) are used…
Governing lipitor and lipstick
Over the last three decades, the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries have become increasingly global. To ensure product safety and consumer protection, regulators in leading markets have applied domestic rules extraterritorially and have joined forces to harmonize rules through transgovernmental cooperation. Yet whereas the United States has long been the dominant player in international market regulation of pharmaceuticals, the European Unio…
The International Implications of China's Fledgling Regulatory State
The European Union as hardening agent
Soft law promulgated by transnational networks is one of the hallmarks of governance in global finance. Standard accounts alternatively view such governance as a fast and flexible solution to transnational problems or weakly institutionalized club standards epiphenomenal to great power interests. We argue that dominant perspectives' view of soft law is misguided, as soft law in global finance cannot be understood in isolation from domestic law. V…
Mobilizing Market Power
States with large markets routinely compete with one another to shield domestic regulatory policies from global pressure, export their rules to other jurisdictions, and provide their firms with competitive advantages. Most arguments about market power tend to operationalize the concept in economic terms. In this paper, we argue that a state's ability to leverage or block these adjustment pressures is not only conditioned by their relative economi…
Transnational feedback, soft law, and preferences in global financial regulation
Pre-crisis global governance of finance was marked by considerable preference alignment between the two regulatory great powers, the US and the EU. The article's explanation of this surprising pattern in regulatory preferences takes the institutional context of global finance seriously. It highlights the endogenous, temporal effects of inter-national institutions at the core of global economic governance: transnational regulatory networks and the…
Self‐Regulatory Trajectories in the Shadow of Public Power
Although industry self‐regulation has developed into a preferred regulatory strategy for the digital economy, self‐regulatory solutions adopted in the U.S. and the European Union differ considerably. We argue that variation in the shadow of public power—the public sector tools employed to induce industry collective action—sets the two on distinct self‐regulatory trajectories. Legalistic self‐regulation dominates in the U.S. and coordinated self‐r…
BREXIT, voice and loyalty
In the wake of the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union, known as Brexit, scholars of international affairs have a chance to reflect on what this unanticipated event means for global politics. Many scholars have started applying standard political economy models based on the distributional consequences of trade or the sociotropic sources of individual policy positions to understand voter preferences. In this essay, we move the co…
What You Want Depends on What You Know
Information has become a core input for many companies. This article examines how this affects firm policy preferences. In contrast to national typologies of capitalism or microeconomic expectations, it uses information economics and historical institutionalism to construct a deductive model positing two basic logics. Firms with significant information assets view data as a private good, supporting policies that constrain information access and d…
Deciding to Defer
The cross-border movement of people, goods, and information frequently results in legal disputes that come under the jurisdiction of multiple states. The principle of deference—acceptance of another state's exercise of legal authority—is one mechanism to manage such jurisdictional conflicts. Despite the importance of deference in international law and cooperation, little is known about the causes of variation in its use. In this article, we devel…
Form over function in finance
Dominant perspectives in International Relations start from the assumption that the problem-constellation determines international institutional design. Given the difficulty these ends-oriented approaches face when explaining institutional inefficiencies and pathologies, this article develops an alternate perspective based on anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss's concept of bricolage. Design by bricolage starts from the premise that actors are mea…
When Opportunity Knocks
During an era of welfare retrenchment in the United States, the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Lifeline Universal Telephone Service evolved from residual means-tested programs to significant social policies. The cases demonstrate the opportunity points for social policy innovation that exist in the political climate of economic liberalisation. The essay describes patterns that do not simply prevent retrenchment but hint at politically advant…
Self‐Regulatory Trajectories in the Shadow of Public Power
Although industry self‐regulation has developed into a preferred regulatory strategy for the digital economy, self‐regulatory solutions adopted in the U.S. and the European Union differ considerably. We argue that variation in the shadow of public power—the public sector tools employed to induce industry collective action—sets the two on distinct self‐regulatory trajectories. Legalistic self‐regulation dominates in the U.S. and coordinated self‐r…
The International Implications of China's Fledgling Regulatory State
The European regulatory state and global public policy
Across a broad range of sectors, Europe is increasingly shaping global public policy. Existing research stressing the importance of market size for international regulatory influence cannot satisfactorily account for this. We contend that the rise of the regulatory state within Europe has significant international implications, augmenting Europe's ability to shape global market rules. The article develops an institutional explanation of regulator…
Protectors of Privacy
From credit-card purchases to electronic fingerprints, the amount of personal data available to government and business is growing exponentially. All industrial societies face the problem of how to regulate this vast world of information, but their governments have chosen distinctly different solutions. In Protectors of Privacy, Abraham L. Newman details how and why, in contrast to the United States, the nations of the European Union adopted comp…
Building Transnational Civil Liberties
Democratic nations have long struggled to set the proper balance between individual freedom and government control. The rise of digital communications networks, market integration, and international terrorism has transformed many national civil liberties issues into important international debates. The European Union was among the first jurisdictions to manage these new transnational civil liberties with the adoption of a data privacy directive i…
Escaping the International Governance Dilemma? Incorporated Transgovernmental Networks in the European Union
This article investigates the role of transgovernmental networks of national regulators in addressing collective action problems endemic to international cooperation. In contrast to recent work on transgovernmental actors, which emphasizes such networks as alternatives to more traditional international institutions, we examine the synergistic interaction between the two. Building on the broader premise that patterns of “dual delegation” above and…
Transforming Global Information and Communication Markets
Firm Interests
Governing lipitor and lipstick
Over the last three decades, the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries have become increasingly global. To ensure product safety and consumer protection, regulators in leading markets have applied domestic rules extraterritorially and have joined forces to harmonize rules through transgovernmental cooperation. Yet whereas the United States has long been the dominant player in international market regulation of pharmaceuticals, the European Unio…
Making global markets
As dramatically evidenced by the global financial crisis, the interaction of domestic regulatory systems has significant international consequences. Nevertheless, these relationships have received only limited attention from international relations scholars. This special issue, therefore, provides a detailed examination of international market regulation – the processes through which the domestic regulatory activities of states and other actors s…
Flight from Risk
Since the end of World War II, scholars have attempted to make sense of Germany's insistent multilateralism. Many concluded that this sacrifice resulted from a deeply ingrained political identity that stressed international cooperation and shunned parochial national politics. More recently, however, German leadership has suggested a willingness to weaken its role as global altruist and reassert its interests in Europe and abroad. This article arg…
Transgovernmental Networks and Domestic Policy Convergence
Cross-border cooperation among domestic regulators and public officials has become a defining feature of global governance. While a number of studies have tracked the emergence and institutionalization of such transgovernmental networks, less is known about their effect on domestic policy. This study explores this link for the important case of insider-trading regulation in original data for 116 countries between 1977 and 2006. It offers quantita…
What You Want Depends on What You Know
Information has become a core input for many companies. This article examines how this affects firm policy preferences. In contrast to national typologies of capitalism or microeconomic expectations, it uses information economics and historical institutionalism to construct a deductive model positing two basic logics. Firms with significant information assets view data as a private good, supporting policies that constrain information access and d…
Watching the Watchers
The governance of data privacy in Europe increasingly transpires through networks of transgovernmental actors – data privacy authorities. While research has demonstrated how such networks shape the policy agenda, little work has examined issues of implementation. This article, thus, explores the growing role that pan-European networks of data privacy authorities play in the enforcement of regional privacy rules. It first surveys the different net…
Transatlantic flight fights
Anti-terrorism cooperation has sparked a series of transatlantic conflicts. Many popular accounts look to differing policy preferences between US and European capitals to explain these disagreements. This article, by contrast, contends that these disputes are often rooted in internal multi-level governance processes within Europe that present different opportunity structures for actors to influence international debates. The case of airline passe…
The Long Arm of the Law
Can the application of domestic law by bureaucracies in powerful states alter policy dynamics globally? Courts and regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over large markets routinely impose national rules to conduct transpiring outside of their physical borders. Such extraterritoriality has expanded to issues ranging from antitrust to the environment. Proponents claim that extraterritorial acts can have far-reaching international consequences, spi…
International interdependence and regulatory power
This article revisits a fundamental question of international political economy: when does cross-border economic interdependence become a source of power. The view that economic interdependence is a source of potential power, not just mutual benefits, has a long lineage traceable to political realism, organizational economics, Ricardian trade theory, and structural Marxism, and researchers typically focus on preferred causal variables in isolatio…
The Governance Of Privacy
This article focuses on the governance of data piracy, which, it explains, includes a complex web of regulation, self-regulation, and technology at the national and transnational levels, which interact to manage how personal information may be used and shared in and across modern societies. It lays out the principle underpinnings of data-privacy regulations, how regulatory systems differ across countries, and the broader governance tools availabl…
The European Union as hardening agent
Soft law promulgated by transnational networks is one of the hallmarks of governance in global finance. Standard accounts alternatively view such governance as a fast and flexible solution to transnational problems or weakly institutionalized club standards epiphenomenal to great power interests. We argue that dominant perspectives' view of soft law is misguided, as soft law in global finance cannot be understood in isolation from domestic law. V…
Domestic Institutions beyond the Nation-State
What is the relationship between domestic and international politics in a world of economic interdependence? This article discusses and organizes an emerging body of scholarship, which the authors label the new interdependence approach, addressing how transnational interactions shape domestic institutions and global politics in a world of economic interdependence. This literature makes three important contributions. First, it examines how domesti…
Domestic drivers of transgovernmental regulatory cooperation
Transgovernmental cooperation among domestic regulators has generated considerable interest among scholars and policymakers. While previous research has focused on describing such regulatory networks, we know very little about what drives individual jurisdictions to join them. The question of membership is important because it determines the reach of rules and standards promulgated by a given network, and because it is logically prior to understa…
Transnational feedback, soft law, and preferences in global financial regulation
Pre-crisis global governance of finance was marked by considerable preference alignment between the two regulatory great powers, the US and the EU. The article's explanation of this surprising pattern in regulatory preferences takes the institutional context of global finance seriously. It highlights the endogenous, temporal effects of inter-national institutions at the core of global economic governance: transnational regulatory networks and the…
Putting the EU in its place
On the one hand, research has trumpeted the European Union's (EU's) influence over international regulation. On the other hand, a significant literature details the limits of EU efforts. How can we reconcile these conflicting findings? This contribution's answer turns on the global regulatory context, two dimensions of which (the distribution of regulatory capacity across the major economies and institutional density at the global level) are used…
The New Politics of Interdependence
How are regulatory disputes between the major powers resolved? Existing literature generally characterizes such regulatory disagreements as system clash, in which national systems of regulation come into conflict, so that one sets the global standard, and the other adjusts or is marginalized. In this article, we offer an alternative account, which bridges early literature on interdependence with work from Historical Institutionalism in comparativ…
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