Tapani Valkonen
Biographic Data
| ID | 260932 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tapani Valkonen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tapani |
| FAMILY NAME | Valkonen |
| SIGNATURE | VALKONEN T |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Helsinki |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 506 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 34 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Trends in life expectancy by income from 1988 to 2007
BACKGROUND: Less attention has been paid to mortality trends across income groups than those measured by other socioeconomic indicators. This study assessed the change in life expectancy by income over 20 years in the Finnish general population. METHODS: Life expectancy among 35-year-olds by household income quintiles was studied. Change in life expectancy from 1988-92 to 2003-7 was decomposed by age and cause of death. The dataset contained 754,…
Increasing absolute mortality disparities by education in Finland, Norway and Sweden, 1971–2000
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies on socioeconomic health disparities often suffer from a lack of uniform data and methodology. Using high quality, census-linked data and sensible inequality measures, this study documents the changes in absolute and relative mortality differences by education in Finland, Norway and Sweden over the period 1971 to 2000. METHODS: The age-standardised mortality rates and the population exposures for three educationa…
Mortality inequalities by parental education among children and young adults in Finland 1990–2004
BACKGROUND: Knowledge on health inequalities in early life is less complete and less consistent than with the well-documented differentials in the adult population. This study examines the presence and strength of the association between parental education and mortality during different periods of childhood and young adulthood, and changes in the association over time. METHODS: Longitudinal individual level data were used in a register follow-up …
The effects of individual taxable income, household taxable income, and household disposable income on mortality in Finland, 1998-2004
To improve our understanding of the association between income and mortality, we analysed prospective record linkage data on Finns aged 30 and over in 1997. The results show a weaker association of mortality with household disposable income-the measure that best captures consumption potential-than with individual income, particularly above age 65 when the ability to work does not bias the associations. The association between income and mortality…
The effects of socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of regions on the spatial patterns of the Second Demographic Transition in Finland
The article studies to what extent regional socioeconomic and cultural characteristics explain spatial patterns in the Second Demographic Transition in Finland. The countryâ s 75 functional regions are used as area units. A summary indicator of the tran
Change in the total and independent effects of education and occupational social class on mortality
Objectives: To estimate changes in the total and independent effects of education and occupational social class on mortality over 30 years, and to assess the causes of changes in the independent effects. Methods: Census records linked with death records for 1971–2000 for all Finns aged 30–59 years were studied. The total and independent effects of education and social class on mortality were calculated from relative risks in nested Poisson regres…
Characteristics of urban regions and all-cause mortality in working-age population
Using Finnish register data on individuals linked to information on urban regions, this study aimed to estimate the effects of some regional characteristics on all-cause mortality among working-age population in 1995-2001, and to find out whether these
Educational inequalities in cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older men and women in eight western European populations
Educational differentials in male mortality in Russia and northern Europe
Background: Prior estimates of the Russian mortality by socio-demographic group revealed significant differentials around the censuses of 1979 and 1989, but these studies were based on different sources of information on education for the deceased
The effects of regional characteristics on alcohol-related mortality-a register-based multilevel analysis of 1.1 million men
Monitoring of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality
This paper presents estimates of changes in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality between the 1980s and the 1990s in nine European countries. The best available evidence shows that relative inequalities in mortality generally widened, while the absol
Increasing excess mortality among non-married elderly people in developed countries
This article analyses changes in marital status differences in mortality from approximately 1970 to 1995 among men and women aged 65-74 in ten developed countries (Belgium, Canada, Denmark, England and Wales, Finland, France, Japan, Netherlands, Norway
Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries
OBJECTIVES: During the past decades a widening of the relative gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for several European countries. Although differential mortality decline for cardiovascular diseases has been suggested as an important contributory factor, it is not known what its quantitative contribution was, and to what extent other causes of death have contributed to the widening gap in total mortal…
Mortality differences by parental social class from childhood to adulthood
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine mortality differences by parental social class and cause of death from age 5 to age 34. DESIGN: Register-based follow up study based on census records for 1985 and 1990 linked with death records for the period 1987-95. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: The study covers all males and females in non-manual and manual classes in Finland aged 5-34 years in 1987-95 (8135 deaths). Parental social class is defined on the basis of the occ…
Occupational class and ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States and 11 European countries
OBJECTIVES: Twelve countries were compared with respect to occupational class differences in ischemic heart disease mortality in order to identify factors that are associated with smaller or larger mortality differences. METHODS: Data on mortality by occupational class among men aged 30 to 64 years were obtained from national longitudinal or cross-sectional studies for the 1980s. A common occupational class scheme was applied to most countries. P…
Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among women and among men
OBJECTIVES: This study compared differences in total and cause-specific mortality by educational level among women with those among men in 7 countries: the United States, Finland, Norway, Italy, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Estonia. METHODS: National data were obtained for the period ca. 1980 to ca. 1990. Age-adjusted rate ratios comparing a broad lower-educational group with a broad upper-educational group were calculated with Poisson regres…
Sociodemographic Mortality Differences among the Oldest Old in Finland
This study examined mortality differences and trends by several sociodemographic characteristics among the Finnish elderly aged 80 years or over during the period of 1971-90. The analyses were based on comprehensive data sets compiled by means of linking individual death records and census records for the entire population of Finland. Poisson regression was applied as the main statistical tool. For both sexes, life expectancy at age 80 was about …
Mortality in a large population-based cohort of patients with drug-treated diabetes mellitus
OBJECTIVES: This paper presents detailed cause-specific data about excess mortality among diabetic persons in Finland, by age and sex. METHODS: Five-year follow-up data on the Finnish population aged 30 through 74 years were analyzed. During these 5 years, 11,215 persons with diabetes and 102,843 persons without diabetes died. The diabetic population was defined as people who were entitled to free medication for diabetes at the beginning of the f…
The effects of differential unemployment rate increases of occupation groups on changes in mortality
OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the effects of changes in unemployment rates of occupation groups on changes in mortality in a period of increasing unemployment. METHODS: Census records for all 20- to 64-year-old economically active Finnish men in 1985 were linked to information on unemployment and deaths in 1987 through 1993. RESULTS: Change in mortality was similar in occupation groups in which unemployment rates increased at a different pace.…
Socioeconomic inequalities in health expectancy in Finland and Norway in the late 1980s
Health expectancy by level of education in Finland
Excess mortality of unemployed men and women during a period of rapidly increasing unemployment
Mortality after death of spouse in relation to duration of bereavement in Finland
STUDY OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess the extent to which death of a spouse causes excess mortality by controlling for the effects of confounding and other sources of bias. Three possible sources of bias are considered: accidents common to spouses, common socioeconomic environment, and common lifestyles. (2) To assess the duration specific effects of death of a spouse on mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study of mortality in Finland among all…
Mortality after the death of a spouse
OBJECTIVES. This study examines excess mortality among Finnish persons after the death of a spouse, by sex, the subject's cause of death, duration of bereavement, and age. METHODS. The subjects were 1580000 married Finnish persons aged 35 through 84 years who were followed up from 1986 through 1991. RESULTS. Excess mortality among the bereaved was high from accidental, violent, and alcohol-related causes (50% to 150%), moderate for chronic ischem…
Coronary risk factor levels
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To compare differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor levels between educational groups in the 1970s and 1980s in eastern Finland. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS--Independent, cross sectional population surveys were undertaken in 1972, 1977, 1982, and 1987 of randomly selected men and women aged 30-59 living in two provinces in eastern Finland. Altogether 20,096 subjects participated. The lowest observed level of participat…
Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among women and among men
OBJECTIVES: This study compared differences in total and cause-specific mortality by educational level among women with those among men in 7 countries: the United States, Finland, Norway, Italy, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Estonia. METHODS: National data were obtained for the period ca. 1980 to ca. 1990. Age-adjusted rate ratios comparing a broad lower-educational group with a broad upper-educational group were calculated with Poisson regres…
Mortality after the death of a spouse
OBJECTIVES. This study examines excess mortality among Finnish persons after the death of a spouse, by sex, the subject's cause of death, duration of bereavement, and age. METHODS. The subjects were 1580000 married Finnish persons aged 35 through 84 years who were followed up from 1986 through 1991. RESULTS. Excess mortality among the bereaved was high from accidental, violent, and alcohol-related causes (50% to 150%), moderate for chronic ischem…
Problems in the measurement and international comparison of socio-economic differences in mortality
The effects of regional characteristics on alcohol-related mortality-a register-based multilevel analysis of 1.1 million men
Mortality after death of spouse in relation to duration of bereavement in Finland
STUDY OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess the extent to which death of a spouse causes excess mortality by controlling for the effects of confounding and other sources of bias. Three possible sources of bias are considered: accidents common to spouses, common socioeconomic environment, and common lifestyles. (2) To assess the duration specific effects of death of a spouse on mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study of mortality in Finland among all…
Monitoring of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality
This paper presents estimates of changes in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality between the 1980s and the 1990s in nine European countries. The best available evidence shows that relative inequalities in mortality generally widened, while the absol
Health and social inequities in Finland and elsewhere
Trends in life expectancy by income from 1988 to 2007
BACKGROUND: Less attention has been paid to mortality trends across income groups than those measured by other socioeconomic indicators. This study assessed the change in life expectancy by income over 20 years in the Finnish general population. METHODS: Life expectancy among 35-year-olds by household income quintiles was studied. Change in life expectancy from 1988-92 to 2003-7 was decomposed by age and cause of death. The dataset contained 754,…
Health expectancy by level of education in Finland
Increasing absolute mortality disparities by education in Finland, Norway and Sweden, 1971–2000
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies on socioeconomic health disparities often suffer from a lack of uniform data and methodology. Using high quality, census-linked data and sensible inequality measures, this study documents the changes in absolute and relative mortality differences by education in Finland, Norway and Sweden over the period 1971 to 2000. METHODS: The age-standardised mortality rates and the population exposures for three educationa…
Socioeconomic inequalities in health expectancy in Finland and Norway in the late 1980s
Occupational class and ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States and 11 European countries
OBJECTIVES: Twelve countries were compared with respect to occupational class differences in ischemic heart disease mortality in order to identify factors that are associated with smaller or larger mortality differences. METHODS: Data on mortality by occupational class among men aged 30 to 64 years were obtained from national longitudinal or cross-sectional studies for the 1980s. A common occupational class scheme was applied to most countries. P…
Increasing excess mortality among non-married elderly people in developed countries
This article analyses changes in marital status differences in mortality from approximately 1970 to 1995 among men and women aged 65-74 in ten developed countries (Belgium, Canada, Denmark, England and Wales, Finland, France, Japan, Netherlands, Norway
The effects of individual taxable income, household taxable income, and household disposable income on mortality in Finland, 1998-2004
To improve our understanding of the association between income and mortality, we analysed prospective record linkage data on Finns aged 30 and over in 1997. The results show a weaker association of mortality with household disposable income-the measure that best captures consumption potential-than with individual income, particularly above age 65 when the ability to work does not bias the associations. The association between income and mortality…
The effects of differential unemployment rate increases of occupation groups on changes in mortality
OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the effects of changes in unemployment rates of occupation groups on changes in mortality in a period of increasing unemployment. METHODS: Census records for all 20- to 64-year-old economically active Finnish men in 1985 were linked to information on unemployment and deaths in 1987 through 1993. RESULTS: Change in mortality was similar in occupation groups in which unemployment rates increased at a different pace.…
Change in the total and independent effects of education and occupational social class on mortality
Objectives: To estimate changes in the total and independent effects of education and occupational social class on mortality over 30 years, and to assess the causes of changes in the independent effects. Methods: Census records linked with death records for 1971–2000 for all Finns aged 30–59 years were studied. The total and independent effects of education and social class on mortality were calculated from relative risks in nested Poisson regres…
Sociodemographic Mortality Differences among the Oldest Old in Finland
This study examined mortality differences and trends by several sociodemographic characteristics among the Finnish elderly aged 80 years or over during the period of 1971-90. The analyses were based on comprehensive data sets compiled by means of linking individual death records and census records for the entire population of Finland. Poisson regression was applied as the main statistical tool. For both sexes, life expectancy at age 80 was about …
Mortality differences by parental social class from childhood to adulthood
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine mortality differences by parental social class and cause of death from age 5 to age 34. DESIGN: Register-based follow up study based on census records for 1985 and 1990 linked with death records for the period 1987-95. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: The study covers all males and females in non-manual and manual classes in Finland aged 5-34 years in 1987-95 (8135 deaths). Parental social class is defined on the basis of the occ…
Coronary risk factor levels
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To compare differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor levels between educational groups in the 1970s and 1980s in eastern Finland. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS--Independent, cross sectional population surveys were undertaken in 1972, 1977, 1982, and 1987 of randomly selected men and women aged 30-59 living in two provinces in eastern Finland. Altogether 20,096 subjects participated. The lowest observed level of participat…
Male mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland
The effects of socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of regions on the spatial patterns of the Second Demographic Transition in Finland
The article studies to what extent regional socioeconomic and cultural characteristics explain spatial patterns in the Second Demographic Transition in Finland. The countryâ s 75 functional regions are used as area units. A summary indicator of the tran
Characteristics of urban regions and all-cause mortality in working-age population
Using Finnish register data on individuals linked to information on urban regions, this study aimed to estimate the effects of some regional characteristics on all-cause mortality among working-age population in 1995-2001, and to find out whether these
Educational differentials in male mortality in Russia and northern Europe
Background: Prior estimates of the Russian mortality by socio-demographic group revealed significant differentials around the censuses of 1979 and 1989, but these studies were based on different sources of information on education for the deceased
Mortality inequalities by parental education among children and young adults in Finland 1990–2004
BACKGROUND: Knowledge on health inequalities in early life is less complete and less consistent than with the well-documented differentials in the adult population. This study examines the presence and strength of the association between parental education and mortality during different periods of childhood and young adulthood, and changes in the association over time. METHODS: Longitudinal individual level data were used in a register follow-up …
Community Context and Politicization of Individuals
One of the most important developments in the methodology of survey research has been the idea that survey research is not restricted to variables describing separate individuals, but also their social context can be taken into account. By means of contextual analysis or a more general multiple level approach it is possible to test hypotheses often sociologically more relevant and more informative than either by individual level analysis or by ag…
Secondary analysis of survey data with ecological variables
Community Context and Politicization of Individuals
One of the most important developments in the methodology of survey research has been the idea that survey research is not restricted to variables describing separate individuals, but also their social context can be taken into account. By means of contextual analysis or a more general multiple level approach it is possible to test hypotheses often sociologically more relevant and more informative than either by individual level analysis or by ag…
On the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations1
Three weaknesses of current diffusion research are discussed:1. Too much attention is paid to correlational relations between variables, at the expense of causal interpretations and propositions which are theoretically more important.2. The variables studied are often conceptually or causally too closely related, making results trivial and their informative value low.3. Instead of natural social systems, only segments of systems are studied. This…
Polish-Finnish Seminar
Socioeconomic status and health in Finland and the other Scandinavian countries
Male mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland
Health and social inequities in Finland and elsewhere
Trends and Inequalities in Mortality
Les mesures de mortalite, telles que le taux de mortalite infantile ou l'esperance de vie, sont les indicateurs les plus souvent utilises dans les comparaisons internationales. Une mortalite basse est un indicateur du haut niveau de bien-etre d'une societe. L'A. decrit les tendances du taux de mortalite dans les pays scandinaves depuis les annees 1960. Trois aspects sont etudies : comparaison entre pays scandinaves et pays industrialises, differe…
Problems in the measurement and international comparison of socio-economic differences in mortality
Coronary risk factor levels
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To compare differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor levels between educational groups in the 1970s and 1980s in eastern Finland. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS--Independent, cross sectional population surveys were undertaken in 1972, 1977, 1982, and 1987 of randomly selected men and women aged 30-59 living in two provinces in eastern Finland. Altogether 20,096 subjects participated. The lowest observed level of participat…
Excess mortality of unemployed men and women during a period of rapidly increasing unemployment
Mortality after death of spouse in relation to duration of bereavement in Finland
STUDY OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess the extent to which death of a spouse causes excess mortality by controlling for the effects of confounding and other sources of bias. Three possible sources of bias are considered: accidents common to spouses, common socioeconomic environment, and common lifestyles. (2) To assess the duration specific effects of death of a spouse on mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study of mortality in Finland among all…
Mortality after the death of a spouse
OBJECTIVES. This study examines excess mortality among Finnish persons after the death of a spouse, by sex, the subject's cause of death, duration of bereavement, and age. METHODS. The subjects were 1580000 married Finnish persons aged 35 through 84 years who were followed up from 1986 through 1991. RESULTS. Excess mortality among the bereaved was high from accidental, violent, and alcohol-related causes (50% to 150%), moderate for chronic ischem…
Health expectancy by level of education in Finland
Sociodemographic Mortality Differences among the Oldest Old in Finland
This study examined mortality differences and trends by several sociodemographic characteristics among the Finnish elderly aged 80 years or over during the period of 1971-90. The analyses were based on comprehensive data sets compiled by means of linking individual death records and census records for the entire population of Finland. Poisson regression was applied as the main statistical tool. For both sexes, life expectancy at age 80 was about …
Mortality in a large population-based cohort of patients with drug-treated diabetes mellitus
OBJECTIVES: This paper presents detailed cause-specific data about excess mortality among diabetic persons in Finland, by age and sex. METHODS: Five-year follow-up data on the Finnish population aged 30 through 74 years were analyzed. During these 5 years, 11,215 persons with diabetes and 102,843 persons without diabetes died. The diabetic population was defined as people who were entitled to free medication for diabetes at the beginning of the f…
The effects of differential unemployment rate increases of occupation groups on changes in mortality
OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the effects of changes in unemployment rates of occupation groups on changes in mortality in a period of increasing unemployment. METHODS: Census records for all 20- to 64-year-old economically active Finnish men in 1985 were linked to information on unemployment and deaths in 1987 through 1993. RESULTS: Change in mortality was similar in occupation groups in which unemployment rates increased at a different pace.…
Socioeconomic inequalities in health expectancy in Finland and Norway in the late 1980s
Occupational class and ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States and 11 European countries
OBJECTIVES: Twelve countries were compared with respect to occupational class differences in ischemic heart disease mortality in order to identify factors that are associated with smaller or larger mortality differences. METHODS: Data on mortality by occupational class among men aged 30 to 64 years were obtained from national longitudinal or cross-sectional studies for the 1980s. A common occupational class scheme was applied to most countries. P…
Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among women and among men
OBJECTIVES: This study compared differences in total and cause-specific mortality by educational level among women with those among men in 7 countries: the United States, Finland, Norway, Italy, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Estonia. METHODS: National data were obtained for the period ca. 1980 to ca. 1990. Age-adjusted rate ratios comparing a broad lower-educational group with a broad upper-educational group were calculated with Poisson regres…
Mortality differences by parental social class from childhood to adulthood
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine mortality differences by parental social class and cause of death from age 5 to age 34. DESIGN: Register-based follow up study based on census records for 1985 and 1990 linked with death records for the period 1987-95. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: The study covers all males and females in non-manual and manual classes in Finland aged 5-34 years in 1987-95 (8135 deaths). Parental social class is defined on the basis of the occ…
Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries
OBJECTIVES: During the past decades a widening of the relative gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for several European countries. Although differential mortality decline for cardiovascular diseases has been suggested as an important contributory factor, it is not known what its quantitative contribution was, and to what extent other causes of death have contributed to the widening gap in total mortal…
Educational differentials in male mortality in Russia and northern Europe
Background: Prior estimates of the Russian mortality by socio-demographic group revealed significant differentials around the censuses of 1979 and 1989, but these studies were based on different sources of information on education for the deceased
The effects of regional characteristics on alcohol-related mortality-a register-based multilevel analysis of 1.1 million men
Monitoring of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality
This paper presents estimates of changes in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality between the 1980s and the 1990s in nine European countries. The best available evidence shows that relative inequalities in mortality generally widened, while the absol
Demography (27 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (26 works) · Medicine (23 works) · Population (23 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Gerontology (16 works) · Geography (15 works) · Socioeconomic status (15 works) · Environmental health (14 works) · Global Health Care Issues (13 works)