Elizabeth Washbrook
Biographic Data
| ID | 267257 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Elizabeth Washbrook |
| GIVEN NAMES | Elizabeth |
| FAMILY NAME | Washbrook |
| SIGNATURE | WASHBROOK E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Bristol |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5510-6476 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 50 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 15 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2005 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
What's the Relationship Between Inequities in Education Costs and Housing Costs? Households in Three Liberal Welfare Regimes Compared
Both housing and education are key policy concerns. However, the effects of policies in these areas are seldom examined together. This paper examines expenditure on housing and on children's education in three countries with ‘liberal’ welfare regimes: Australia, the UK and Ireland. We use cross‐sectional household budget survey data for the three countries, supplemented by cross‐sectional analysis of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics Aust…
The trade-off between enrolment expansion, school resources, and learning outcomes in Punjab’s public schools
Driven by global commitments like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing countries have rapidly expanded primary and secondary school enrolment. Yet, this focus on access has often come at the expense of learning. In Punjab, education reforms since 2004 have significantly increased enrolment in public schools (grades 1–8). However, the potential trade-off between enrolment expansion and learning outcomes has yet to be systematically…
Parental Education-related Gaps in Externalising Behaviour at age 3–4 Years: Evidence from a Harmonised Framework from the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Netherlands
Occupational aspirations and academic achievement: Rethinking the direction of effects and the role of socioeconomic status in middle childhood and adolescence
Research into the relation between occupational aspirations and academic achievement has substantially grown. What remains unclear, however, is whether and how this relation, including the direction of effects, (1) unfolds dynamically in middle childhood and adolescence and (2) varies by socioeconomic status (SES). The present study aimed to address this, using the contemporary and nationally representative data from England through the UK's Mill…
Does Family Structure Account for Child Achievement Gaps by Parental Education? Findings for England, France, Germany and the United States
This paper explores the role of family trajectories during childhood in explaining inequalities by maternal education in children's math and reading skills using harmonized, longitudinal, and nationally representative surveys, which follow children over the course of primary and lower secondary school in four high-income countries (England, France, Germany, and the United States). As single parenthood and family transitions are more likely among …
The relevance of tracking and social school composition for growing achievement gaps by parental education in lower secondary school: A longitudinal analysis in France, Germany, the United States, and…
There is substantial variation in the degree of social stratification in students' achievement across countries. However, most research is based on cross-sectional data. In this study, we evaluate the importance of social origin, namely, parents' education, for achievement inequalities during lower secondary school using recent longitudinal microdata form the French Direction de l'Evaluation de la Prospective et de la Performance panel, the Germa…
Teacher judgements, student social background, and student progress in primary school: A cross-country perspective
This study takes a cross-country perspective to examine whether inaccurate teacher judgements of students’ math skills correlate with student social origin and whether such bias is associated with math achievement in primary school. We focus on England, Germany, and the US because these countries differ in the teachers’ growth mindsets, accountability, the use of standardised tests, and the extent of ability grouping. The data stem from three lar…
Explaining gaps by parental education in children’s early language and social outcomes at age 3–4 years: Evidence from harmonised data from three countries
Child outcomes vary by family’s socioeconomic status (SES). Research on explanatory factors underlying early SES-related disparities has mainly focused on specific child outcomes (e.g., language skills) and selected influencing factors in single countries often with a focus on individual differences but not explicitly on early SES-related gaps. This study uses harmonised data from longitudinal large-scale studies conducted in the United Kingdom, …
Teacher judgements and gender achievement gaps in primary education in England, Germany, and the US
We examined whether inaccurate teacher judgements of primary school student achievement correlate with students' gender and whether such bias contributes to gender achievement gaps in language and mathematics. Our study used ex-post harmonised longitudinal data from England, Germany, and the US. We observed domain-specific teacher judgement bias with a positive bias for girls in the language domain and for boys in mathematics. Furthermore, biased…
The role of energy balance related behaviors in socioeconomic inequalities in childhood body mass index: A comparative analysis of Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood Body Mass Index (BMI) are becoming increasingly more pronounced across the world. Although countries differ in the direction and strength of these inequalities, cross-national comparative research on this topic is rare. This paper draws on harmonized longitudinal cohort data from four wealthy countries-Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US)-to 1) map cross-country diff…
Income-Related Gaps in Early Child Cognitive Development: Why Are They Larger in the United States Than in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada
Previous research has documented significantly larger income-related gaps in children’s early cognitive development in the United States than in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. In this study, we investigate the extent to which this is a result of a more unequal income distribution in the United States. We show that although incomes are more unequal in the United States than elsewhere, a given difference in real income is associated wit…
Parent–child attachment as a mechanism of intergenerational (dis)advantage
A growing literature connects childhood socio-emotional skills to adult socio-economic outcomes. But what explains differing levels of socio-emotional skills? Current theories consider parental investment and socialisation, but neglect the emotional and relational aspects of parenting. Attachment theory offers a model of the micro-level mechanisms that connect parenting processes and socio-emotional development intergenerationally. It has, howeve…
Modeling Household Decisions Using Longitudinal Data from Household Panel Surveys, with Applications to Residential Mobility
Many events occurring to married or cohabiting individuals are the result of decisions made jointly by both partners. However, studies of life-course events usually take an individual or head-of-household perspective and so do not explicitly reflect the joint nature of these decisions. Household panel studies and population registers are a rich resource for the study of household events, but analyzing such data presents major analytical challenge…
Residential Mobility: Wealth, Demographic and Housing Market Effects
The study presents a very simple model in which housing equity can influence mobility, and then estimates parameters that gauge the impact of housing equity, local house prices and other variables associated with household structure and change on residential movement within the UK . The data come from the British Household Panel Study over 1992–2008, which allow us to use within‐person variation to identify the parameters. The parameter estimates…
The Effects of a Mother’s Return to Work Decision on Child Development in the UK
The last 20 years has seen a huge increase in employment among mothers in the first year after giving birth in the UK. We examine whether early maternal employment has an adverse effect on child outcomes. We analyse rich data from a cohort of children born in the UK in the early 1990s and examine the impact of early maternal employment on three outcome variables measuring child cognitive development between four and seven years of age. We also ex…
The Effects of a Mother’s Return to Work Decision on Child Development in the UK
The last 20 years has seen a huge increase in employment among mothers in the first year after giving birth in the UK. We examine whether early maternal employment has an adverse effect on child outcomes. We analyse rich data from a cohort of children born in the UK in the early 1990s and examine the impact of early maternal employment on three outcome variables measuring child cognitive development between four and seven years of age. We also ex…
Modeling Household Decisions Using Longitudinal Data from Household Panel Surveys, with Applications to Residential Mobility
Many events occurring to married or cohabiting individuals are the result of decisions made jointly by both partners. However, studies of life-course events usually take an individual or head-of-household perspective and so do not explicitly reflect the joint nature of these decisions. Household panel studies and population registers are a rich resource for the study of household events, but analyzing such data presents major analytical challenge…
Residential Mobility: Wealth, Demographic and Housing Market Effects
The study presents a very simple model in which housing equity can influence mobility, and then estimates parameters that gauge the impact of housing equity, local house prices and other variables associated with household structure and change on residential movement within the UK . The data come from the British Household Panel Study over 1992–2008, which allow us to use within‐person variation to identify the parameters. The parameter estimates…
Occupational aspirations and academic achievement: Rethinking the direction of effects and the role of socioeconomic status in middle childhood and adolescence
Research into the relation between occupational aspirations and academic achievement has substantially grown. What remains unclear, however, is whether and how this relation, including the direction of effects, (1) unfolds dynamically in middle childhood and adolescence and (2) varies by socioeconomic status (SES). The present study aimed to address this, using the contemporary and nationally representative data from England through the UK's Mill…
Teacher judgements and gender achievement gaps in primary education in England, Germany, and the US
We examined whether inaccurate teacher judgements of primary school student achievement correlate with students' gender and whether such bias contributes to gender achievement gaps in language and mathematics. Our study used ex-post harmonised longitudinal data from England, Germany, and the US. We observed domain-specific teacher judgement bias with a positive bias for girls in the language domain and for boys in mathematics. Furthermore, biased…
Income-Related Gaps in Early Child Cognitive Development: Why Are They Larger in the United States Than in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada
Previous research has documented significantly larger income-related gaps in children’s early cognitive development in the United States than in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. In this study, we investigate the extent to which this is a result of a more unequal income distribution in the United States. We show that although incomes are more unequal in the United States than elsewhere, a given difference in real income is associated wit…
Does Family Structure Account for Child Achievement Gaps by Parental Education? Findings for England, France, Germany and the United States
This paper explores the role of family trajectories during childhood in explaining inequalities by maternal education in children's math and reading skills using harmonized, longitudinal, and nationally representative surveys, which follow children over the course of primary and lower secondary school in four high-income countries (England, France, Germany, and the United States). As single parenthood and family transitions are more likely among …
The relevance of tracking and social school composition for growing achievement gaps by parental education in lower secondary school: A longitudinal analysis in France, Germany, the United States, and…
There is substantial variation in the degree of social stratification in students' achievement across countries. However, most research is based on cross-sectional data. In this study, we evaluate the importance of social origin, namely, parents' education, for achievement inequalities during lower secondary school using recent longitudinal microdata form the French Direction de l'Evaluation de la Prospective et de la Performance panel, the Germa…
Parent–child attachment as a mechanism of intergenerational (dis)advantage
A growing literature connects childhood socio-emotional skills to adult socio-economic outcomes. But what explains differing levels of socio-emotional skills? Current theories consider parental investment and socialisation, but neglect the emotional and relational aspects of parenting. Attachment theory offers a model of the micro-level mechanisms that connect parenting processes and socio-emotional development intergenerationally. It has, howeve…
The Effects of a Mother’s Return to Work Decision on Child Development in the UK
The last 20 years has seen a huge increase in employment among mothers in the first year after giving birth in the UK. We examine whether early maternal employment has an adverse effect on child outcomes. We analyse rich data from a cohort of children born in the UK in the early 1990s and examine the impact of early maternal employment on three outcome variables measuring child cognitive development between four and seven years of age. We also ex…
Residential Mobility: Wealth, Demographic and Housing Market Effects
The study presents a very simple model in which housing equity can influence mobility, and then estimates parameters that gauge the impact of housing equity, local house prices and other variables associated with household structure and change on residential movement within the UK . The data come from the British Household Panel Study over 1992–2008, which allow us to use within‐person variation to identify the parameters. The parameter estimates…
Modeling Household Decisions Using Longitudinal Data from Household Panel Surveys, with Applications to Residential Mobility
Many events occurring to married or cohabiting individuals are the result of decisions made jointly by both partners. However, studies of life-course events usually take an individual or head-of-household perspective and so do not explicitly reflect the joint nature of these decisions. Household panel studies and population registers are a rich resource for the study of household events, but analyzing such data presents major analytical challenge…
Parent–child attachment as a mechanism of intergenerational (dis)advantage
A growing literature connects childhood socio-emotional skills to adult socio-economic outcomes. But what explains differing levels of socio-emotional skills? Current theories consider parental investment and socialisation, but neglect the emotional and relational aspects of parenting. Attachment theory offers a model of the micro-level mechanisms that connect parenting processes and socio-emotional development intergenerationally. It has, howeve…
Income-Related Gaps in Early Child Cognitive Development: Why Are They Larger in the United States Than in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada
Previous research has documented significantly larger income-related gaps in children’s early cognitive development in the United States than in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. In this study, we investigate the extent to which this is a result of a more unequal income distribution in the United States. We show that although incomes are more unequal in the United States than elsewhere, a given difference in real income is associated wit…
The role of energy balance related behaviors in socioeconomic inequalities in childhood body mass index: A comparative analysis of Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Socioeconomic inequalities in childhood Body Mass Index (BMI) are becoming increasingly more pronounced across the world. Although countries differ in the direction and strength of these inequalities, cross-national comparative research on this topic is rare. This paper draws on harmonized longitudinal cohort data from four wealthy countries-Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US)-to 1) map cross-country diff…
Teacher judgements, student social background, and student progress in primary school: A cross-country perspective
This study takes a cross-country perspective to examine whether inaccurate teacher judgements of students’ math skills correlate with student social origin and whether such bias is associated with math achievement in primary school. We focus on England, Germany, and the US because these countries differ in the teachers’ growth mindsets, accountability, the use of standardised tests, and the extent of ability grouping. The data stem from three lar…
Explaining gaps by parental education in children’s early language and social outcomes at age 3–4 years: Evidence from harmonised data from three countries
Child outcomes vary by family’s socioeconomic status (SES). Research on explanatory factors underlying early SES-related disparities has mainly focused on specific child outcomes (e.g., language skills) and selected influencing factors in single countries often with a focus on individual differences but not explicitly on early SES-related gaps. This study uses harmonised data from longitudinal large-scale studies conducted in the United Kingdom, …
Teacher judgements and gender achievement gaps in primary education in England, Germany, and the US
We examined whether inaccurate teacher judgements of primary school student achievement correlate with students' gender and whether such bias contributes to gender achievement gaps in language and mathematics. Our study used ex-post harmonised longitudinal data from England, Germany, and the US. We observed domain-specific teacher judgement bias with a positive bias for girls in the language domain and for boys in mathematics. Furthermore, biased…
Parental Education-related Gaps in Externalising Behaviour at age 3–4 Years: Evidence from a Harmonised Framework from the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Netherlands
Occupational aspirations and academic achievement: Rethinking the direction of effects and the role of socioeconomic status in middle childhood and adolescence
Research into the relation between occupational aspirations and academic achievement has substantially grown. What remains unclear, however, is whether and how this relation, including the direction of effects, (1) unfolds dynamically in middle childhood and adolescence and (2) varies by socioeconomic status (SES). The present study aimed to address this, using the contemporary and nationally representative data from England through the UK's Mill…
Does Family Structure Account for Child Achievement Gaps by Parental Education? Findings for England, France, Germany and the United States
This paper explores the role of family trajectories during childhood in explaining inequalities by maternal education in children's math and reading skills using harmonized, longitudinal, and nationally representative surveys, which follow children over the course of primary and lower secondary school in four high-income countries (England, France, Germany, and the United States). As single parenthood and family transitions are more likely among …
The relevance of tracking and social school composition for growing achievement gaps by parental education in lower secondary school: A longitudinal analysis in France, Germany, the United States, and…
There is substantial variation in the degree of social stratification in students' achievement across countries. However, most research is based on cross-sectional data. In this study, we evaluate the importance of social origin, namely, parents' education, for achievement inequalities during lower secondary school using recent longitudinal microdata form the French Direction de l'Evaluation de la Prospective et de la Performance panel, the Germa…
The trade-off between enrolment expansion, school resources, and learning outcomes in Punjab’s public schools
Driven by global commitments like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing countries have rapidly expanded primary and secondary school enrolment. Yet, this focus on access has often come at the expense of learning. In Punjab, education reforms since 2004 have significantly increased enrolment in public schools (grades 1–8). However, the potential trade-off between enrolment expansion and learning outcomes has yet to be systematically…
What's the Relationship Between Inequities in Education Costs and Housing Costs? Households in Three Liberal Welfare Regimes Compared
Both housing and education are key policy concerns. However, the effects of policies in these areas are seldom examined together. This paper examines expenditure on housing and on children's education in three countries with ‘liberal’ welfare regimes: Australia, the UK and Ireland. We use cross‐sectional household budget survey data for the three countries, supplemented by cross‐sectional analysis of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics Aust…
Demography (9 works) · Economics (9 works) · Psychology (9 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Demographic economics (7 works) · Developmental psychology (7 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (7 works) · Inequality (7 works) · Demography (5 works) · Geography (5 works)