Gennaro Apollaro
Biographic Data
| ID | 2773508 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gennaro Apollaro |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gennaro |
| FAMILY NAME | Apollaro |
| SIGNATURE | APOLLARO G |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Genoa |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0427-037X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 9 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Pre-competitive anxiety, self-confidence, and technical-tactical performance in professional kickboxing athletes: Differences between winners and defeated athletes
Purpose To compare pre-competitive anxiety and self-confidence levels, as well as technical–tactical aspects, between winning and defeated professional kickboxers, and to examine the association of these variables with match outcomes. Methods Twenty professional kickboxers (19 males and 1 female) participated in the study, including 10 winners and 10 defeated athletes. Somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence were assessed using th…
Competing with greater impairment: Age distribution and competitive outcomes in Paralympic athletes with high support needs
This study examined the age distribution of Paralympic athletes with high support needs at the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games, analyzing differences according to sex, competitive achievement, and discipline. A total of 1,263 athletes from eight individual sports were included. Between-group comparisons were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U and the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni post hoc , while Chi-square tests assessed associations between a…
Age distributions in Paralympic Games Paris 2024: An analysis of 5,540 para athletes across 13 individual disciplines
This study aimed to quantify the age distributions of Para athletes competing in the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games across 13 individual disciplines. A total of 5,540 athletes (52.2% male, 47.8% female) participated, with ages calculated at competition. The analysis examined differences by discipline, sex, and competitive achievement (medallist vs. non-medallist). The statistical analyses included the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U p…
Which behavioral patterns score points in taekwondo matches? An analysis of the Roma 2019 World Grand Prix finalists
Introduction Observational methodology facilitates the study of situational factors in taekwondo matches, examines observable technical-tactical behaviors, and reveals various relationships, thus generating behavioral patterns. The aim of this study was to examine the technical-tactical scoring actions in the final matches of the Roma 2019 World Taekwondo Grand Prix, using polar coordinate analysis and function estimation. Methods A point/nomothe…
Influences of sociocultural and historical constraints on athletes’ developmental experiences: A case study of baseball in Japan
Many observers have pointed out how baseball in Japan is narrated, taught, and played differently from its counterpart in North America. Hard-work, selfless behaviors, and defensive and collectivistic strategies are described as the basic tenets of Japanese baseball, often referred to as ‘Samurai Baseball’. This paper aims to investigate sports and non-sporting constraints that define this distinct way of perceiving the game. Ecological psycholog…
All roads lead to Rome? Exploring birthplace effects and the ‘southern question’ in Italian soccer
The expression “southern question” is used in reference to the poverty and economic underdevelopment, less advanced social relations, and clientelist style of politics that characterize South-Italy compared to North and Central Italy. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the “southern question” in Italian soccer. Accordingly, we examined the birthplace distribution of 2,012 Italian soccer players who have played in any national represe…
Relative and Chronological Age in Successful Athletes at the World Taekwondo Championships (1997–2019): A Focus on the Behaviour of Multiple Medallists
The aims of this study were to investigate the relative and chronological age among taekwondo world medal winners (by gender, Olympic 4-year period, Olympic weight category; N = 740), and to study the behaviour of multiple medallists ( N = 156) to monitor changes in weight categories and wins over time. The observed birth quartile distribution for the heavyweight category was significantly skewed ( p = 0.01). Female athletes (22.2 ± 3.5 years) ac…
The Relationship between the Color of Electronic Protectors and the Outcome in Taekwondo Matches: Is There Fairness in National Competitions
Although research on the effect of color in taekwondo has involved several international competitions, no previous study has investigated the presence of this phenomenon in national-level competitions. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the color protectors and success in 1155 taekwondo matches of the Italian and Uzbekistan Senior Championships (ITA-SC and UZB-SC) (2019 and 2021). The results showed no relati…
Application of the Polar Coordinate Technique in the Study of Technical-Tactical Scoring Actions in Taekwondo
The objective of this study was to design, validate and update an observation tool to analyse the technical-tactical actions by which taekwondo players win points. An ad hoc observational tool was developed for subsequent use in HOISAN software by viewing seven finals (14 viewings) in the Rome 2019 Grand Prix, collecting data (1,382 technical/tactical actions) from both winners and losers (women, n = 3; men, n = 4). An observational methodology b…
All roads lead to Rome? Exploring birthplace effects and the ‘southern question’ in Italian soccer
The expression “southern question” is used in reference to the poverty and economic underdevelopment, less advanced social relations, and clientelist style of politics that characterize South-Italy compared to North and Central Italy. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the “southern question” in Italian soccer. Accordingly, we examined the birthplace distribution of 2,012 Italian soccer players who have played in any national represe…
Application of the Polar Coordinate Technique in the Study of Technical-Tactical Scoring Actions in Taekwondo
The objective of this study was to design, validate and update an observation tool to analyse the technical-tactical actions by which taekwondo players win points. An ad hoc observational tool was developed for subsequent use in HOISAN software by viewing seven finals (14 viewings) in the Rome 2019 Grand Prix, collecting data (1,382 technical/tactical actions) from both winners and losers (women, n = 3; men, n = 4). An observational methodology b…
Relative and Chronological Age in Successful Athletes at the World Taekwondo Championships (1997–2019): A Focus on the Behaviour of Multiple Medallists
The aims of this study were to investigate the relative and chronological age among taekwondo world medal winners (by gender, Olympic 4-year period, Olympic weight category; N = 740), and to study the behaviour of multiple medallists ( N = 156) to monitor changes in weight categories and wins over time. The observed birth quartile distribution for the heavyweight category was significantly skewed ( p = 0.01). Female athletes (22.2 ± 3.5 years) ac…
The Relationship between the Color of Electronic Protectors and the Outcome in Taekwondo Matches: Is There Fairness in National Competitions
Although research on the effect of color in taekwondo has involved several international competitions, no previous study has investigated the presence of this phenomenon in national-level competitions. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the color protectors and success in 1155 taekwondo matches of the Italian and Uzbekistan Senior Championships (ITA-SC and UZB-SC) (2019 and 2021). The results showed no relati…
Application of the Polar Coordinate Technique in the Study of Technical-Tactical Scoring Actions in Taekwondo
The objective of this study was to design, validate and update an observation tool to analyse the technical-tactical actions by which taekwondo players win points. An ad hoc observational tool was developed for subsequent use in HOISAN software by viewing seven finals (14 viewings) in the Rome 2019 Grand Prix, collecting data (1,382 technical/tactical actions) from both winners and losers (women, n = 3; men, n = 4). An observational methodology b…
All roads lead to Rome? Exploring birthplace effects and the ‘southern question’ in Italian soccer
The expression “southern question” is used in reference to the poverty and economic underdevelopment, less advanced social relations, and clientelist style of politics that characterize South-Italy compared to North and Central Italy. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the “southern question” in Italian soccer. Accordingly, we examined the birthplace distribution of 2,012 Italian soccer players who have played in any national represe…
Which behavioral patterns score points in taekwondo matches? An analysis of the Roma 2019 World Grand Prix finalists
Introduction Observational methodology facilitates the study of situational factors in taekwondo matches, examines observable technical-tactical behaviors, and reveals various relationships, thus generating behavioral patterns. The aim of this study was to examine the technical-tactical scoring actions in the final matches of the Roma 2019 World Taekwondo Grand Prix, using polar coordinate analysis and function estimation. Methods A point/nomothe…
Influences of sociocultural and historical constraints on athletes’ developmental experiences: A case study of baseball in Japan
Many observers have pointed out how baseball in Japan is narrated, taught, and played differently from its counterpart in North America. Hard-work, selfless behaviors, and defensive and collectivistic strategies are described as the basic tenets of Japanese baseball, often referred to as ‘Samurai Baseball’. This paper aims to investigate sports and non-sporting constraints that define this distinct way of perceiving the game. Ecological psycholog…
Pre-competitive anxiety, self-confidence, and technical-tactical performance in professional kickboxing athletes: Differences between winners and defeated athletes
Purpose To compare pre-competitive anxiety and self-confidence levels, as well as technical–tactical aspects, between winning and defeated professional kickboxers, and to examine the association of these variables with match outcomes. Methods Twenty professional kickboxers (19 males and 1 female) participated in the study, including 10 winners and 10 defeated athletes. Somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence were assessed using th…
Competing with greater impairment: Age distribution and competitive outcomes in Paralympic athletes with high support needs
This study examined the age distribution of Paralympic athletes with high support needs at the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games, analyzing differences according to sex, competitive achievement, and discipline. A total of 1,263 athletes from eight individual sports were included. Between-group comparisons were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U and the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni post hoc , while Chi-square tests assessed associations between a…
Age distributions in Paralympic Games Paris 2024: An analysis of 5,540 para athletes across 13 individual disciplines
This study aimed to quantify the age distributions of Para athletes competing in the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games across 13 individual disciplines. A total of 5,540 athletes (52.2% male, 47.8% female) participated, with ages calculated at competition. The analysis examined differences by discipline, sex, and competitive achievement (medallist vs. non-medallist). The statistical analyses included the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U p…
Sport Psychology and Performance (8 works) · Athletes (6 works) · Sports Performance and Training (5 works) · Psychology (4 works) · Sociology (4 works) · Demography (3 works) · Demography (3 works) · Martial Arts: Techniques, Psychology, and Education (3 works) · Sports Analytics and Performance (3 works) · Age groups (2 works)