Brian Gratton
Biographic Data
| ID | 283186 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Brian Gratton |
| GIVEN NAMES | Brian |
| FAMILY NAME | Gratton |
| SIGNATURE | GRATTON B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Arizona State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 44 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 158 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 44 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Race or Politics? Henry Cabot Lodge and the Origins of the Immigration Restriction Movement in the United States
This article addresses the origins of the immigration restriction movement in the late 19 th century United States, a movement that realized its aims in the early 20 th . It critiques the dominant scholarly interpretation, which holds that the movement sprang from a racism that viewed the new immigrants of this period as biologically inferior. It argues first that activists did not have at hand a biological theory sufficient to this characterizat…
Reply to Kaufmann and Cannato
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
La Raza: Mexicans in the United States Census
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
An Immigrant's Tale: The Mexican American Southwest 1850 to 1950
Recent scholarship on Mexican Americans in the United States, relying largely on qualitative evidence, sees racism and exploitation as the major explanatory factors in their history. Using representative samples of persons of Mexican origin, we argue that immigration is fundamental to their historical experience. A small, beleaguered community in 1850, the Mexican-origin population grew during the late nineteenth century due to greater security u…
Foreign Relations: American Immigration in Global Perspective
Book Review| October 01 2013 Foreign Relations: American Immigration in Global Perspective Foreign Relations: American Immigration in Global Perspective. By Donna R. Gabaccia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012. 288 pp. Halftones, illustrations, and tables. $29.95 (cloth). Brian Gratton Brian Gratton Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2013) 33 (1): 90–91. https://doi.org/10.…
Immigration, Repatriation, and Deportation: The Mexican-Origin Population in the United States, 1920–1950
Scholars conventionally assert that government authorities forcibly expelled 500,000 persons of Mexican origin from the U.S. in the 1930s, with more than half of those removed U.S. citizens. Estimates using census data indicate substantially lower numbers, limited governmental involvement, fewer citizens, and considerable voluntary departure. Voluntary decisions fit the repatriation strategy that had been common among young Mexican immigrants in …
Cybelle Fox. Three Worlds of Relief: Race, Immigration, and the American Welfare State from the Progressive Era to the New Deal
Writing in the tradition of Carey McWilliams rather than of Paul S. Taylor, Cybelle Fox unfolds a well-creased map of injustice committed against persons of Mexican origin in the United States. In an insightful consideration of public and private welfare, she locates three regionally determined welfare regimes. One, in the South, was built on race and denied basic assistance to African Americans. A second, in the Northeast and industrial Midwest,…
Introduction
Why were mid‐nineteenth‐century Hispanic populations so small in what is now the American Southwest, after centuries of colonization? A brilliant new literature provides a model of explanation in the authority of formidable indigenous polities, especially that great power that Pekka Hämäläinen reveals to us in his book The Comanche Empire . 1 Employing an exercise in cartographic history, centered on the Pecos River Valley, we can confirm a hypot…
A Sudden Transition: Household Changes for Middle Aged U.S. Women in the Twentieth Century
Retiring Men: Manhood, Labor, and Growing Old in America, 1900-1960
While the history of old age had its salad days, it is rare to see new work in the field. Gregory Wood takes up the subject again, with a novel emphasis on masculinity. Where he treats the conventional themes of work, poverty, and discrimination, he repeats uncritically what the historical literature reports, a literature that repeated uncritically what the reformist literature of the 1920s and 1930s had reported. That approach yields the convent…
Retirement at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: A Canadian Perspective
In late-nineteenth-century North America, privately financed retirement emerged as a recognized phenomenon. While scholars acknowledge these origins, the prevalence of retirement remains intensely debated. The 1901 Canadian census explicitly required the enumerator to ask respondents if they had retired. The question makes it possible to correct estimates of labour force participation that are biased upward by the known tendency of men to report …
Emptying the Nest: Older Men in the United States, 1880-2000
Between 1880 and 2000, the percentage of married men 60 and older living only with their wives in empty nest households rose from 19 percent to 78 percent. Data drawn from the US census show that more than half of this transformation occurred in the 30-year period from 1940 to 1970, bookended by moderate increases between 1880 and 1940 and very modest increases after 1970. Two literatures have presented demographic, cultural, and economic explana…
Mexican American History Online
You are preparing your curriculum for the next school year and you want to treat the increasingly important history of persons of Mexican origin in the United States. Time is tight. How do you research the material and restructure your lesson plans before your classes begin? You know that the internet provides wonderful resources, many of them ideal for young students, with images, videos, and primary documents. But you also know that the interne…
Immigrants, their children, and theories of assimilation: Family structure in the United States, 1880–1970
This research employs United States census data from 1880 to 1970 to assess the influence of ethnicity and generation on the family structure of Mexican, Irish, Swedish, Italian, Polish, and native white children. Using evidence for three generations, it tests two theories, linear assimilation and segmented assimilation. Assimilation theory makes no special claims for ethnic effects, but segmented assimilation proposes that ethnicity influences t…
Ecuadorians in the United States and Spain: History, Gender and Niche Formation
Ecuadorian emigration to the United States reveals a classic male-led exodus from rural regions faced by long-term economic decline. Occupational results reflect this model, and the general openness of the American labour market. Jobs are gender-segregated, but human capital effects are evident; niches do not dominate male or female experience, nor do they seem likely to persist. Recent emigration to Spain is distinct: sparked by a sudden economi…
Hari-Kari of the Anglo Elite
Book Review| July 01 2006 Hari-Kari of the Anglo Elite The Rise and Fall of Anglo-America, Eric P. Kaufmann.Who We Are: The Challenges of America’s National Identity, Samuel Huntington. Brian Gratton Brian Gratton Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2006) 25 (4): 181–185. https://doi.org/10.2307/27501756 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search S…
Crossing the Border: Research from the Mexican Migration Project
Book Review| April 01 2005 Crossing the Border: Research from the Mexican Migration Project Crossing the Border: Research from the Mexican Migration Project, Jorge Durand and Douglas S. Massey. Brian Gratton Brian Gratton Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2005) 24 (3): 116–117. https://doi.org/10.2307/27501626 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions …
Immigration, Culture, and Child Labor in the United States, 1880-1920
Alarmed by child labor in factories and mills, Progressive-era reformers criticized immigrants and immigrant cultures for sanctioning exploitation of their young. Neither qualitative nor quantitative appraisals find much evidence that ethnicity had any important effect on the likelihood that a child would work. Relative and absolute poverty were more important influences. Under all conditions, black children were much more likely to work. The use…
Assimilation and intermarriage for U.S. immigrant groups, 1880–1990
Marriage outside one's ethnic or racial group constitutes the ultimate test of assimilation. In this research, we offer a new test of theories of assimilation by examining the choice of marriage partners among Mexican Americans, several European immigrant groups, and natives. Data from the 1880 to 1990 Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) are employed, augmented by additional identification procedures developed for the Hispanic populat…
Race, the Children of Immigrants, and Social Science Theory
Research Article| July 01 2002 Race, the Children of Immigrants, and Social Science Theory Brian Gratton Brian Gratton Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2002) 21 (4): 74–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/27501204 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Brian Gratton; Race, the Children of Immigrants, and Social Science Theory. Journal …
Forum: José C. Moya's Cousins and Strangers Four Comments: A Response
Key Words: immigrationmethodologytheoryhistoryethnicity
Tracking the majority: Households, older workers, and retirementduring the Great Depression
The SCP, collected just as Social Security was enacted, reveals that nonfamilial sources of income like pensions and investments had begun to underwrite retirement without dependence on family members. Many older persons relied on these instruments for support in old age, and many did not have children present in their households. These results constitute evidence for an independent, nonfamily-based retirement before governmental provision of ass…
Hispanics in the United States, 1850–1990: Estimates of Population Size and National Origin
(2000). Hispanics in the United States, 1850–1990: Estimates of Population Size and National Origin. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 137-153
The Politics of Dependency Estimates: Social Security Board Statistics, 1935-1939
State theorists maintain that Social Security Board (SSB) bureaucrats managed the evolution of public welfare. Institutional politics theory more readily accepts the influences of political interest groups. SSB archival records offer an opportunity to contrast these models and explore the early measurement of old age dependency. In reports designed to protect the 1935 Social Security Act, SSB staff exaggerated the extent of dependency among elder…
Using the 1940 and 1950 Public Use Microdata Samples
For those interested in historical evidence the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) drawn from the U.S. decennial censuses present attractive resources and among their most appealing aspects is the opportunity they offer for comparative analyses across time. In this article we focus on just this appeal: comparative use of the 1940 and 1950 PUMS....We review critically the original censuses and the samples taken from them in an effort to provide a…
The Poverty of Impoverishment Theory: The Economic Well-Being of the Elderly, 1890–1950
Progressive Ear and New Deal reformers claimed that industrialization impoverished the elderly by degrading older workers. This has become the standard interpretation in popular and scholarly accounts. Data from 1890 through 1950 show that real wages of older workers rose sharply during this peroid and that family economic strategies promised the elderly considerable security. Birth cohort analysis indicates positive age-earnings profiles across …
Ecuadorians in the United States and Spain: History, Gender and Niche Formation
Ecuadorian emigration to the United States reveals a classic male-led exodus from rural regions faced by long-term economic decline. Occupational results reflect this model, and the general openness of the American labour market. Jobs are gender-segregated, but human capital effects are evident; niches do not dominate male or female experience, nor do they seem likely to persist. Recent emigration to Spain is distinct: sparked by a sudden economi…
Hispanics in the United States, 1850–1990: Estimates of Population Size and National Origin
(2000). Hispanics in the United States, 1850–1990: Estimates of Population Size and National Origin. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 137-153
Assimilation and intermarriage for U.S. immigrant groups, 1880–1990
Marriage outside one's ethnic or racial group constitutes the ultimate test of assimilation. In this research, we offer a new test of theories of assimilation by examining the choice of marriage partners among Mexican Americans, several European immigrant groups, and natives. Data from the 1880 to 1990 Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) are employed, augmented by additional identification procedures developed for the Hispanic populat…
Immigration, Repatriation, and Deportation: The Mexican-Origin Population in the United States, 1920–1950
Scholars conventionally assert that government authorities forcibly expelled 500,000 persons of Mexican origin from the U.S. in the 1930s, with more than half of those removed U.S. citizens. Estimates using census data indicate substantially lower numbers, limited governmental involvement, fewer citizens, and considerable voluntary departure. Voluntary decisions fit the repatriation strategy that had been common among young Mexican immigrants in …
Immigrants, their children, and theories of assimilation: Family structure in the United States, 1880–1970
This research employs United States census data from 1880 to 1970 to assess the influence of ethnicity and generation on the family structure of Mexican, Irish, Swedish, Italian, Polish, and native white children. Using evidence for three generations, it tests two theories, linear assimilation and segmented assimilation. Assimilation theory makes no special claims for ethnic effects, but segmented assimilation proposes that ethnicity influences t…
An Immigrant's Tale: The Mexican American Southwest 1850 to 1950
Recent scholarship on Mexican Americans in the United States, relying largely on qualitative evidence, sees racism and exploitation as the major explanatory factors in their history. Using representative samples of persons of Mexican origin, we argue that immigration is fundamental to their historical experience. A small, beleaguered community in 1850, the Mexican-origin population grew during the late nineteenth century due to greater security u…
Emptying the Nest: Older Men in the United States, 1880-2000
Between 1880 and 2000, the percentage of married men 60 and older living only with their wives in empty nest households rose from 19 percent to 78 percent. Data drawn from the US census show that more than half of this transformation occurred in the 30-year period from 1940 to 1970, bookended by moderate increases between 1880 and 1940 and very modest increases after 1970. Two literatures have presented demographic, cultural, and economic explana…
La Raza: Mexicans in the United States Census
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Familism among the black and Mexican-American elderly: Myth or reality
In search of ‘intimacy at a distance’: Family history from the perspective of elderly women
Race or Politics? Henry Cabot Lodge and the Origins of the Immigration Restriction Movement in the United States
This article addresses the origins of the immigration restriction movement in the late 19 th century United States, a movement that realized its aims in the early 20 th . It critiques the dominant scholarly interpretation, which holds that the movement sprang from a racism that viewed the new immigrants of this period as biologically inferior. It argues first that activists did not have at hand a biological theory sufficient to this characterizat…
Race, the Children of Immigrants, and Social Science Theory
Research Article| July 01 2002 Race, the Children of Immigrants, and Social Science Theory Brian Gratton Brian Gratton Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2002) 21 (4): 74–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/27501204 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Brian Gratton; Race, the Children of Immigrants, and Social Science Theory. Journal …
Using the 1940 and 1950 Public Use Microdata Samples
For those interested in historical evidence the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) drawn from the U.S. decennial censuses present attractive resources and among their most appealing aspects is the opportunity they offer for comparative analyses across time. In this article we focus on just this appeal: comparative use of the 1940 and 1950 PUMS....We review critically the original censuses and the samples taken from them in an effort to provide a…
Industrialization, the Family Economy, and the Economic Status of the American Elderly
The Labor Force Participation of Older Men: 1890-1950
Journal Article The Labor Force Participation of Older Men: 1890–1950 Get access Brian Gratton Brian Gratton Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Social History, Volume 20, Issue 4, Summer 1987, Pages 689–710, https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh/20.4.689 Published: 01 July 1987
Crossing the Border: Research from the Mexican Migration Project
Book Review| April 01 2005 Crossing the Border: Research from the Mexican Migration Project Crossing the Border: Research from the Mexican Migration Project, Jorge Durand and Douglas S. Massey. Brian Gratton Brian Gratton Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2005) 24 (3): 116–117. https://doi.org/10.2307/27501626 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions …
A Triumph in Modern Philanthropy”: Age Criteria in Labor Management at the Pennsylvania Railroad, 1875–1930
Labor policies based on age have been variously explained as benevolent, maliciously anti-union, rational, or prejudicial. Nineteenth-century devices to stabilize the work force set the stage for the Pennsylvania Railroad's 1900 program of age limits, mandatory retirement, and pensions, but its immediate cause was the conviction that the seniority system already in place seriously reduced the efficiency of older workers. As the following article …
A Sample of the Mexican-American Population in 1940
authors describe a sample of Mexican Americans living in the United States in 1940 using census data and techniques including ethnic identification and collection of household records. Advantages and limitations of the sampling methodology used are outlined. The sample data permit multivariate analysis for Mexican Americans as a whole for the Mexican born versus the American born and for regional subgroups. (EXCERPT)
Urban Elders: Family, Work, and Welfare among Boston's Aged, 1890-1950
Journal Article Urban Elders: Family, Work, and Welfare among Boston's Aged, 1890–1950. By Brian Gratton. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986. xv + 232 pp. $32.95.) Get access S. J. Kleinberg S. J. Kleinberg London School of Economics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 73, Issue 3, December 1986, Pages 777–778, https://doi.org/10.2307/1903054 Published: 01 December…
Introduction
Why were mid‐nineteenth‐century Hispanic populations so small in what is now the American Southwest, after centuries of colonization? A brilliant new literature provides a model of explanation in the authority of formidable indigenous polities, especially that great power that Pekka Hämäläinen reveals to us in his book The Comanche Empire . 1 Employing an exercise in cartographic history, centered on the Pecos River Valley, we can confirm a hypot…
Immigration, Culture, and Child Labor in the United States, 1880-1920
Alarmed by child labor in factories and mills, Progressive-era reformers criticized immigrants and immigrant cultures for sanctioning exploitation of their young. Neither qualitative nor quantitative appraisals find much evidence that ethnicity had any important effect on the likelihood that a child would work. Relative and absolute poverty were more important influences. Under all conditions, black children were much more likely to work. The use…
Tracking the majority: Households, older workers, and retirementduring the Great Depression
The SCP, collected just as Social Security was enacted, reveals that nonfamilial sources of income like pensions and investments had begun to underwrite retirement without dependence on family members. Many older persons relied on these instruments for support in old age, and many did not have children present in their households. These results constitute evidence for an independent, nonfamily-based retirement before governmental provision of ass…
Old Age, Public Welfare and Race: The Case of Charleston, South Carolina 1800-1949
Carole Haber, Brian Gratton; Old Age, Public Welfare and Race: The Case of Charleston, South Carolina 1800–1949, Journal of Social History, Volume 21, Issu
Mental Health and the Elderly: Factors in Stability and Change Over Time
Marie Haug, Linda Liska Belgrave, Brian Gratton, Mental Health and the Elderly: Factors in Stability and Change Over Time, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Jun., 1984), pp. 100-115
The Virtues of Insecurity
Social Workers and Old Age Pensions
The opposition of Massachusetts social workers to state relief for the elderly revealed their conservative traditions. Such opposition sprang from the nineteenth-century origins of social casework, which presumed individual responsibility for poverty. In addition, the twentieth-century campaign for professional status hardened opposition to reform since state old age "pensions" implied a right to relief without determination of need by a trained …
Mental Health and the Elderly: Factors in Stability and Change Over Time
Marie Haug, Linda Liska Belgrave, Brian Gratton, Mental Health and the Elderly: Factors in Stability and Change Over Time, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Jun., 1984), pp. 100-115
Urban Elders: Family, Work, and Welfare among Boston's Aged, 1890-1950
Journal Article Urban Elders: Family, Work, and Welfare among Boston's Aged, 1890–1950. By Brian Gratton. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986. xv + 232 pp. $32.95.) Get access S. J. Kleinberg S. J. Kleinberg London School of Economics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 73, Issue 3, December 1986, Pages 777–778, https://doi.org/10.2307/1903054 Published: 01 December…
Population Change and Social Continuity: Ten Years in a Coal Town
Journal Article Population Change and Social Continuity: Ten Years in a Coal Town. By Harold W. Aurand. (Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press, 1986. 139 pp. $24.50.) Get access Brian Gratton Brian Gratton Arizona State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 73, Issue 3, December 1986, Page 771, https://doi.org/10.2307/1903047 Published: 01 December 1986
Familism among the black and Mexican-American elderly: Myth or reality
Varieties of Welfare History
Old Age, Public Welfare and Race: The Case of Charleston, South Carolina 1800-1949
Carole Haber, Brian Gratton; Old Age, Public Welfare and Race: The Case of Charleston, South Carolina 1800–1949, Journal of Social History, Volume 21, Issu
The Labor Force Participation of Older Men: 1890-1950
Journal Article The Labor Force Participation of Older Men: 1890–1950 Get access Brian Gratton Brian Gratton Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Social History, Volume 20, Issue 4, Summer 1987, Pages 689–710, https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh/20.4.689 Published: 01 July 1987
A Sample of the Mexican-American Population in 1940
authors describe a sample of Mexican Americans living in the United States in 1940 using census data and techniques including ethnic identification and collection of household records. Advantages and limitations of the sampling methodology used are outlined. The sample data permit multivariate analysis for Mexican Americans as a whole for the Mexican born versus the American born and for regional subgroups. (EXCERPT)
The New Welfare State: Social Security and Retirement in 1950
Urban Elders: Family, Work, and Welfare among Boston's Aged, 1890-1950
A Triumph in Modern Philanthropy”: Age Criteria in Labor Management at the Pennsylvania Railroad, 1875–1930
Labor policies based on age have been variously explained as benevolent, maliciously anti-union, rational, or prejudicial. Nineteenth-century devices to stabilize the work force set the stage for the Pennsylvania Railroad's 1900 program of age limits, mandatory retirement, and pensions, but its immediate cause was the conviction that the seniority system already in place seriously reduced the efficiency of older workers. As the following article …
Industrialization, the Family Economy, and the Economic Status of the American Elderly
In search of ‘intimacy at a distance’: Family history from the perspective of elderly women
Old Age and the Search for Security: An American Social History
Preface Introduction: Historians and the History of Old Age in America 1. The Families of the Old 2. Wealth and Poverty: The Economic Well-Being of the Aged 3. Work and Retirement 4. The Threat of the Almshouse 5. Advice to the Old 6. A New History of Old Age Notes Index
Old Age and the Search for Security: An American Social History
Journal Article Old Age and the Search for Security: An American Social History. By Carole Haber and Brian Gratton. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. xviii, 230 pp. Cloth, $35.00, ISBN 0-253-32691-5. Paper, $14.95, ISBN 0-253-20836-X.) Get access Bruce S. Jansson Bruce S. Jansson University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American Histo…
The Poverty of Impoverishment Theory: The Economic Well-Being of the Elderly, 1890–1950
Progressive Ear and New Deal reformers claimed that industrialization impoverished the elderly by degrading older workers. This has become the standard interpretation in popular and scholarly accounts. Data from 1890 through 1950 show that real wages of older workers rose sharply during this peroid and that family economic strategies promised the elderly considerable security. Birth cohort analysis indicates positive age-earnings profiles across …
The Politics of Dependency Estimates: Social Security Board Statistics, 1935-1939
State theorists maintain that Social Security Board (SSB) bureaucrats managed the evolution of public welfare. Institutional politics theory more readily accepts the influences of political interest groups. SSB archival records offer an opportunity to contrast these models and explore the early measurement of old age dependency. In reports designed to protect the 1935 Social Security Act, SSB staff exaggerated the extent of dependency among elder…
Using the 1940 and 1950 Public Use Microdata Samples
For those interested in historical evidence the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) drawn from the U.S. decennial censuses present attractive resources and among their most appealing aspects is the opportunity they offer for comparative analyses across time. In this article we focus on just this appeal: comparative use of the 1940 and 1950 PUMS....We review critically the original censuses and the samples taken from them in an effort to provide a…
Disciplining Old Age: The Formation of Gerontological Knowledge
In Disciplining Old Age Stephen Katz gives us a sophisticated and theoretically rigorous approach to what gerentology does. He deftly and subtly combines the theories of Foucault, Bourdieu, and the Althusser in his analysis of what he calls the gerontological web.Katz explores how political and social sciences have differentiated the elderly as a special kind of population characterized in negative terms, and he examines the literature of the dis…
Tracking the majority: Households, older workers, and retirementduring the Great Depression
The SCP, collected just as Social Security was enacted, reveals that nonfamilial sources of income like pensions and investments had begun to underwrite retirement without dependence on family members. Many older persons relied on these instruments for support in old age, and many did not have children present in their households. These results constitute evidence for an independent, nonfamily-based retirement before governmental provision of ass…
Hispanics in the United States, 1850–1990: Estimates of Population Size and National Origin
(2000). Hispanics in the United States, 1850–1990: Estimates of Population Size and National Origin. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 137-153
Forum: José C. Moya's Cousins and Strangers Four Comments: A Response
Key Words: immigrationmethodologytheoryhistoryethnicity
Race, the Children of Immigrants, and Social Science Theory
Research Article| July 01 2002 Race, the Children of Immigrants, and Social Science Theory Brian Gratton Brian Gratton Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2002) 21 (4): 74–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/27501204 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Brian Gratton; Race, the Children of Immigrants, and Social Science Theory. Journal …
Sociology (32 works) · Political science (26 works) · Law (18 works) · Economics (17 works) · Law (16 works) · History (15 works) · History (13 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · Demographic economics (12 works) · Demography (12 works)