Jeff Gruenewald
Biographic Data
| ID | 290775 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jeff Gruenewald |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jeff |
| FAMILY NAME | Gruenewald |
| SIGNATURE | GRUENEWALD J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Arkansas at Fayetteville |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4002-697X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 132 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Investigating the Newsworthiness of Bias-Motivated Murders: A Media Distortion Analysis
The public continues to rely on the news media for information about hate (or bias) crime, yet little is known about how news workers select bias crimes to cover in ways that may impact public and political discourse. Leveraging perspectives on news media construction, the current study explores how a myriad of offender-, victim-, and incident-level attributes are associated with measures of local, regional, and national print news media coverage…
Bias-Motivated Violence and the Likelihood of Fatal Outcomes: A Criminal Event Perspective and Mixed-Method Approach
This study examines how bystanders and situational factors influence if bias violence results in fatal outcomes. Utilizing the criminal event perspective and routine activities theory, we hypothesize that certain situational factors, such as gun use and private locations, increase the likelihood of fatal outcomes, while bystander presence reduces it. Data come from the Bias Homicide Database, an open-source database that includes data on bias mur…
What Went Wrong: A Comparison of Unsuccessful and Completed Extreme Far-Right Plots in the United States
Terrorism plots fail more often than they succeed, and while understanding why a plot comes to fruition can inform prevention strategies not considered before, it is equally important to identify the factors that most frequently lead to unsuccessful outcomes. To address this, the study draws from a situational crime prevention (SCP) framework to examine the structured opportunities of far-right plots in the United States using data from the Extre…
Examining Disparities in Case Dispositions and Sentencing Outcomes for Domestic Violent Extremists in the United States
This study examines how strength of ideology, victim status, and other factors shape prosecutorial and sentencing decisions in cases of far-right extremist homicide. We draw from multiple conceptual frameworks to understand how assessments of defendants’ blameworthiness, crime seriousness, and other practical constraints influence the severity of legal outcomes. Our analysis of data from the United States Extremist Crime Database finds that while…
“The Perfect Aryan Housewife”: Intersection of Extremist Violence and Violence Against Women
Despite rhetoric on the association between violence against women and extremist violence, little empirical work has examined the intersection of these forms of violence. Relying on open-source data from the Extremist Crime Database, we examine how these forms of violence intersect in terms of a strained dominant masculinity. Among the 54 extremist offenders with documented histories of violence against women, extremist offenders committed famili…
Gender and Criminal Justice Responses to Terrorism in the United States
Generally, women receive more lenient treatment by the criminal justice system compared to men. Prior research on how gender shaped prosecutorial decision-making and sentencing outcomes has focused on conventional forms of crime, while less is known about how it operates in terrorism-related cases. This is a critical gap in a growing body of research on justice disparities given that women continue to make up a significant portion of terrorism de…
Growth opportunities in American and British terrorism research
This paper identifies what we see as opportunities to improve data collection, analysis, and interpretation of findings in American and British terrorism research. We suggest seven directions that we see as promising. These include: 1) interview methods and reporting, 2) source reporting in database studies, prioritizing available court records, 3) more comparison groups, including non-offender activists for the same cause and non-political offen…
Right-Wing Extremism in Canada and the United States
Attributing Responsibility When Police Officers are Killed in the Line of Duty: An Ethnographic Content Analysis of Local Print News Media Frames
The line‐of‐duty death of a police officer challenges the public’s shared views of social order and morality. Local news media help audiences make sense of these tragedies. This study examines how attributions of responsibility are framed in local print news stories, guided by the question, “How do news stories frame the cause of death when police officers are killed in the line of duty?” We conducted an ethnographic content analysis of stories a…
Immigration and Crime in the Local News: Exploring the Macrolevel Covariates of Coverage and Framing
Contrary to empirical evidence, immigration is seen as increasing rates of crime among the public. However, most people draw from secondary sources—including local news media—to form such opinions. We examine the contextual factors impacting whether and how local media describe the immigration–crime nexus. Using data constructed from content analysis of over 3,800 news articles, we find that the likelihood of local media providing coverage of imm…
An intervention analysis of fatal far-right extremist violence within a vector-autoregressive framework
This research examines the efficacy of 15 policy interventions and high-profile events on fatal violence committed by far-right extremists in the United States through the theoretical frameworks of deterrence, situational crime prevention, backlash, and political encouragement. We use a multivariate structural vector autoregressive process to analyse monthly time-series data to investigate the impact of these interventions on fatal far-right viol…
American Jihadi Terrorism: A Comparison of Homicides and Unsuccessful Plots
While the number of American jihadi terrorist attacks remains relatively rare, terrorist plots thwarted by law enforcement have increased since September 11, 2001. Although these law enforcement blocks of would-be terrorists are considered counterterrorism triumphs by the FBI, human rights and civil liberty watch groups have conversely suggested that those who plan for attacks alongside government informants and undercover agents may be unique an…
Comparing Extremist Perpetrators of Suicide and Non-Suicide Attacks in the United States
This study explores differences in perpetrators of suicide attacks and non-suicide attacks in the United States. The study uses data on far-right and Al Qaeda and affiliated/inspired terrorists between 1990 and 2013 from the United States Extremist Crime Database. Our analysis estimates logistic regression models to test whether suicide attackers were more likely to have exhibited specific risk factors for suicidality, while examining other promi…
News Media Trends in the Framing of Immigration and Crime, 1990-2013
Few social problems engender as much public and political debate as the alleged link between immigration and crime. Contrary to the findings of much empirical literature, the majority of the public believe that immigration increases crime and that the foreign born are especially prone to offending. Among many factors, the way prominent news media describe the immigration-crime link may help explain the disconnectedness of scholarship and public o…
Do Targeted Killings Increase or Decrease Terrorism: Evaluating the Evidence and Other Considerations
The counterterrorism policy of eliminating global jihadist movement leaders through targeted killings has increased dramatically over the last decade (New America Foundation, 2016). With targeted killings in Pakistan peaking around 2010, just prior to the 2011 killing of Osama bin Laden, unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) strikes continue in countries like Yemen and Somalia. Now a main feature of the twenty-first century war on terrorism, high-profi…
Lest we forget: A historical analysis of police line of duty deaths in Indianapolis
Previous studies on police line of duty deaths are limited by their heavy reliance on traditional data. While the FBI’s Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA) data have undoubtedly advanced what we know about violence against police, placing line of duty deaths in their social and historical context poses challenges. Further, only a select number of variables are available for event-level analyses from traditional data sources. In …
A Community-Level Comparison of Terrorism Movements in the United States
The aim of this article is to identify characteristics of communities where persons indicted under terrorism charges lived, planned, and prepared prior to carrying out a terrorist act. Guided by a model of community deterioration and using data from the Terrorism and Extremist Violence in the United States database, findings indicate: (1) half of all census tracts where terrorists planned and prepared for attacks were located in the western Unite…
The future of terrorism research: A review essay
This essay sets forth a research agenda to begin filling some key gaps in terrorism studies. Since the September 2001 Al Qaeda attacks against the World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon that claimed over 3000 lives, interest in terrorism research has increased. After these attacks, the United States and other governments prioritized the scientific study of the causes of and responses to terrorism. Importantly though, our review of the terrori…
Assessing the Attractiveness and Vulnerability of Eco-Terrorism Targets: A Situational Crime Prevention Approach
This study assesses the vulnerability and attractiveness of eco-terrorism targets in the United States based on a Situational Crime Prevention approach. Data from the American Terrorism Study are extracted for eight different attributes of terrorism targets, including exposed, vital, iconic, legitimate, destructible, occupied, near, and easy. Descriptive findings generally support expectations that eco-terrorists select targets based on their vul…
Hispanic Immigration and Black Violence at the Macro‐Level: Examining the Conditioning Effect of Victim Race/Ethnicity
Much attention has been devoted to the relationship between Hispanic immigration and violent offending at the macro‐level, including how it varies across racial and ethnic groups. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the conditioning effect of the race/ethnicity of the victim, or how Hispanic immigration is associated with crime by one racial/ethnic group against members of the same or different groups. Using National Incident‐Based R…
Accomplishing Masculinity through Anti-Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Homicide: A Comparative Case Study Approach
In the current study, we seek to understand the dynamic processes of fatal attacks against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals across different situational circumstances. A review of prior research and story line analyses of 121 anti-LGBT homicides led to the creation of a homicide typology based on offender mode of victim selection. Guided by symbolic interactionism and theories of masculinity and violence, five representa…
Introducing the United States Extremis Crime Database (ECDB)
This note describes a new and unique, open source, relational database called the United States Extremist Crime Database (ECDB). We first explain how the ECDB was created and outline its distinguishing features in terms of inclusion criteria and assessment of ideological commitment. Second, the article discusses issues related to the evaluation of the ECDB, such as reliability and selectivity. Third, descriptive results are provided to illustrate…
Using Open-Source Data to Study Bias Homicide Against Homeless Persons
Despite their high-profile nature, there has been a lack of scholarly research on bias-motivated homicide in the United States. One explanation for this dearth of prior research is the lack of official data available on this type of crime. In response, the current study proposes an alternative method for studying one form of bias crime, homicides targeting homeless persons, using open-source data (e.g., court documents, news media reports, advoca…
Distinguishing “Loner” Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence: A Comparison of Far‐Right Homicide Incident and Offender Characteristics
Overview of: “Distinguishing ‘Loner’ Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence: A Comparison of Far‐Right Homicide Incident and Offender Characteristics”
Research Summary Recent reports have suggested that “loner” extremists, or self‐radicalized extremists with no ties to organized groups who commit an ideologically motivated attack on their own, represent a growing threat to public safety in the United States. Disagreements among scholars and policy makers about contributing factors of loner attacks have led to competing predictions based largely on anecdotal evidence. Our study contributes to th…
Distinguishing “Loner” Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence: A Comparison of Far‐Right Homicide Incident and Offender Characteristics
Introducing the United States Extremis Crime Database (ECDB)
This note describes a new and unique, open source, relational database called the United States Extremist Crime Database (ECDB). We first explain how the ECDB was created and outline its distinguishing features in terms of inclusion criteria and assessment of ideological commitment. Second, the article discusses issues related to the evaluation of the ECDB, such as reliability and selectivity. Third, descriptive results are provided to illustrate…
Race, gender, and the newsworthiness of homicide incidents
Assessing the Attractiveness and Vulnerability of Eco-Terrorism Targets: A Situational Crime Prevention Approach
This study assesses the vulnerability and attractiveness of eco-terrorism targets in the United States based on a Situational Crime Prevention approach. Data from the American Terrorism Study are extracted for eight different attributes of terrorism targets, including exposed, vital, iconic, legitimate, destructible, occupied, near, and easy. Descriptive findings generally support expectations that eco-terrorists select targets based on their vul…
Far-Right Lone Wolf Homicides in the United States
Little is known about the nature of far-right lone wolf terrorism and how this form of violence varies across different types of suspects. Relying on data from the Extremist Crime Database (ECDB), we comparatively examine characteristics of far-right homicides in the United States perpetrated by suspects with no evident affiliations with domestic terrorist organizations. Surprisingly, we found that this form of lone wolf terrorism has generally n…
Overview of: “Distinguishing ‘Loner’ Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence: A Comparison of Far‐Right Homicide Incident and Offender Characteristics”
Research Summary Recent reports have suggested that “loner” extremists, or self‐radicalized extremists with no ties to organized groups who commit an ideologically motivated attack on their own, represent a growing threat to public safety in the United States. Disagreements among scholars and policy makers about contributing factors of loner attacks have led to competing predictions based largely on anecdotal evidence. Our study contributes to th…
Accomplishing Masculinity through Anti-Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Homicide: A Comparative Case Study Approach
In the current study, we seek to understand the dynamic processes of fatal attacks against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals across different situational circumstances. A review of prior research and story line analyses of 121 anti-LGBT homicides led to the creation of a homicide typology based on offender mode of victim selection. Guided by symbolic interactionism and theories of masculinity and violence, five representa…
Hispanic Immigration and Black Violence at the Macro‐Level: Examining the Conditioning Effect of Victim Race/Ethnicity
Much attention has been devoted to the relationship between Hispanic immigration and violent offending at the macro‐level, including how it varies across racial and ethnic groups. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the conditioning effect of the race/ethnicity of the victim, or how Hispanic immigration is associated with crime by one racial/ethnic group against members of the same or different groups. Using National Incident‐Based R…
Attributing Responsibility When Police Officers are Killed in the Line of Duty: An Ethnographic Content Analysis of Local Print News Media Frames
The line‐of‐duty death of a police officer challenges the public’s shared views of social order and morality. Local news media help audiences make sense of these tragedies. This study examines how attributions of responsibility are framed in local print news stories, guided by the question, “How do news stories frame the cause of death when police officers are killed in the line of duty?” We conducted an ethnographic content analysis of stories a…
News Media Trends in the Framing of Immigration and Crime, 1990-2013
Few social problems engender as much public and political debate as the alleged link between immigration and crime. Contrary to the findings of much empirical literature, the majority of the public believe that immigration increases crime and that the foreign born are especially prone to offending. Among many factors, the way prominent news media describe the immigration-crime link may help explain the disconnectedness of scholarship and public o…
Growth opportunities in American and British terrorism research
This paper identifies what we see as opportunities to improve data collection, analysis, and interpretation of findings in American and British terrorism research. We suggest seven directions that we see as promising. These include: 1) interview methods and reporting, 2) source reporting in database studies, prioritizing available court records, 3) more comparison groups, including non-offender activists for the same cause and non-political offen…
Immigration and Crime in the Local News: Exploring the Macrolevel Covariates of Coverage and Framing
Contrary to empirical evidence, immigration is seen as increasing rates of crime among the public. However, most people draw from secondary sources—including local news media—to form such opinions. We examine the contextual factors impacting whether and how local media describe the immigration–crime nexus. Using data constructed from content analysis of over 3,800 news articles, we find that the likelihood of local media providing coverage of imm…
A Community-Level Comparison of Terrorism Movements in the United States
The aim of this article is to identify characteristics of communities where persons indicted under terrorism charges lived, planned, and prepared prior to carrying out a terrorist act. Guided by a model of community deterioration and using data from the Terrorism and Extremist Violence in the United States database, findings indicate: (1) half of all census tracts where terrorists planned and prepared for attacks were located in the western Unite…
An intervention analysis of fatal far-right extremist violence within a vector-autoregressive framework
This research examines the efficacy of 15 policy interventions and high-profile events on fatal violence committed by far-right extremists in the United States through the theoretical frameworks of deterrence, situational crime prevention, backlash, and political encouragement. We use a multivariate structural vector autoregressive process to analyse monthly time-series data to investigate the impact of these interventions on fatal far-right viol…
American Jihadi Terrorism: A Comparison of Homicides and Unsuccessful Plots
While the number of American jihadi terrorist attacks remains relatively rare, terrorist plots thwarted by law enforcement have increased since September 11, 2001. Although these law enforcement blocks of would-be terrorists are considered counterterrorism triumphs by the FBI, human rights and civil liberty watch groups have conversely suggested that those who plan for attacks alongside government informants and undercover agents may be unique an…
Media coverage of police misconduct and attitudes toward police
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how celebrated cases affect attitudes toward police, controlling for key demographic, police contact, and neighborhood contextual variables. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents two waves of public opinion data measuring attitudes toward police, police services, police harassment, and officer guilt before and after a celebrated police misconduct trial. Data were collected by telephone from…
Race, gender, and the newsworthiness of homicide incidents
Using Open-Source Data to Study Bias Homicide Against Homeless Persons
Despite their high-profile nature, there has been a lack of scholarly research on bias-motivated homicide in the United States. One explanation for this dearth of prior research is the lack of official data available on this type of crime. In response, the current study proposes an alternative method for studying one form of bias crime, homicides targeting homeless persons, using open-source data (e.g., court documents, news media reports, advoca…
Distinguishing “Loner” Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence: A Comparison of Far‐Right Homicide Incident and Offender Characteristics
Overview of: “Distinguishing ‘Loner’ Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence: A Comparison of Far‐Right Homicide Incident and Offender Characteristics”
Research Summary Recent reports have suggested that “loner” extremists, or self‐radicalized extremists with no ties to organized groups who commit an ideologically motivated attack on their own, represent a growing threat to public safety in the United States. Disagreements among scholars and policy makers about contributing factors of loner attacks have led to competing predictions based largely on anecdotal evidence. Our study contributes to th…
Far-Right Lone Wolf Homicides in the United States
Little is known about the nature of far-right lone wolf terrorism and how this form of violence varies across different types of suspects. Relying on data from the Extremist Crime Database (ECDB), we comparatively examine characteristics of far-right homicides in the United States perpetrated by suspects with no evident affiliations with domestic terrorist organizations. Surprisingly, we found that this form of lone wolf terrorism has generally n…
Introducing the United States Extremis Crime Database (ECDB)
This note describes a new and unique, open source, relational database called the United States Extremist Crime Database (ECDB). We first explain how the ECDB was created and outline its distinguishing features in terms of inclusion criteria and assessment of ideological commitment. Second, the article discusses issues related to the evaluation of the ECDB, such as reliability and selectivity. Third, descriptive results are provided to illustrate…
The future of terrorism research: A review essay
This essay sets forth a research agenda to begin filling some key gaps in terrorism studies. Since the September 2001 Al Qaeda attacks against the World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon that claimed over 3000 lives, interest in terrorism research has increased. After these attacks, the United States and other governments prioritized the scientific study of the causes of and responses to terrorism. Importantly though, our review of the terrori…
Assessing the Attractiveness and Vulnerability of Eco-Terrorism Targets: A Situational Crime Prevention Approach
This study assesses the vulnerability and attractiveness of eco-terrorism targets in the United States based on a Situational Crime Prevention approach. Data from the American Terrorism Study are extracted for eight different attributes of terrorism targets, including exposed, vital, iconic, legitimate, destructible, occupied, near, and easy. Descriptive findings generally support expectations that eco-terrorists select targets based on their vul…
Hispanic Immigration and Black Violence at the Macro‐Level: Examining the Conditioning Effect of Victim Race/Ethnicity
Much attention has been devoted to the relationship between Hispanic immigration and violent offending at the macro‐level, including how it varies across racial and ethnic groups. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the conditioning effect of the race/ethnicity of the victim, or how Hispanic immigration is associated with crime by one racial/ethnic group against members of the same or different groups. Using National Incident‐Based R…
Accomplishing Masculinity through Anti-Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Homicide: A Comparative Case Study Approach
In the current study, we seek to understand the dynamic processes of fatal attacks against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals across different situational circumstances. A review of prior research and story line analyses of 121 anti-LGBT homicides led to the creation of a homicide typology based on offender mode of victim selection. Guided by symbolic interactionism and theories of masculinity and violence, five representa…
A Community-Level Comparison of Terrorism Movements in the United States
The aim of this article is to identify characteristics of communities where persons indicted under terrorism charges lived, planned, and prepared prior to carrying out a terrorist act. Guided by a model of community deterioration and using data from the Terrorism and Extremist Violence in the United States database, findings indicate: (1) half of all census tracts where terrorists planned and prepared for attacks were located in the western Unite…
Do Targeted Killings Increase or Decrease Terrorism: Evaluating the Evidence and Other Considerations
The counterterrorism policy of eliminating global jihadist movement leaders through targeted killings has increased dramatically over the last decade (New America Foundation, 2016). With targeted killings in Pakistan peaking around 2010, just prior to the 2011 killing of Osama bin Laden, unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) strikes continue in countries like Yemen and Somalia. Now a main feature of the twenty-first century war on terrorism, high-profi…
Lest we forget: A historical analysis of police line of duty deaths in Indianapolis
Previous studies on police line of duty deaths are limited by their heavy reliance on traditional data. While the FBI’s Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA) data have undoubtedly advanced what we know about violence against police, placing line of duty deaths in their social and historical context poses challenges. Further, only a select number of variables are available for event-level analyses from traditional data sources. In …
An intervention analysis of fatal far-right extremist violence within a vector-autoregressive framework
This research examines the efficacy of 15 policy interventions and high-profile events on fatal violence committed by far-right extremists in the United States through the theoretical frameworks of deterrence, situational crime prevention, backlash, and political encouragement. We use a multivariate structural vector autoregressive process to analyse monthly time-series data to investigate the impact of these interventions on fatal far-right viol…
American Jihadi Terrorism: A Comparison of Homicides and Unsuccessful Plots
While the number of American jihadi terrorist attacks remains relatively rare, terrorist plots thwarted by law enforcement have increased since September 11, 2001. Although these law enforcement blocks of would-be terrorists are considered counterterrorism triumphs by the FBI, human rights and civil liberty watch groups have conversely suggested that those who plan for attacks alongside government informants and undercover agents may be unique an…
Comparing Extremist Perpetrators of Suicide and Non-Suicide Attacks in the United States
This study explores differences in perpetrators of suicide attacks and non-suicide attacks in the United States. The study uses data on far-right and Al Qaeda and affiliated/inspired terrorists between 1990 and 2013 from the United States Extremist Crime Database. Our analysis estimates logistic regression models to test whether suicide attackers were more likely to have exhibited specific risk factors for suicidality, while examining other promi…
News Media Trends in the Framing of Immigration and Crime, 1990-2013
Few social problems engender as much public and political debate as the alleged link between immigration and crime. Contrary to the findings of much empirical literature, the majority of the public believe that immigration increases crime and that the foreign born are especially prone to offending. Among many factors, the way prominent news media describe the immigration-crime link may help explain the disconnectedness of scholarship and public o…
Immigration and Crime in the Local News: Exploring the Macrolevel Covariates of Coverage and Framing
Contrary to empirical evidence, immigration is seen as increasing rates of crime among the public. However, most people draw from secondary sources—including local news media—to form such opinions. We examine the contextual factors impacting whether and how local media describe the immigration–crime nexus. Using data constructed from content analysis of over 3,800 news articles, we find that the likelihood of local media providing coverage of imm…
Attributing Responsibility When Police Officers are Killed in the Line of Duty: An Ethnographic Content Analysis of Local Print News Media Frames
The line‐of‐duty death of a police officer challenges the public’s shared views of social order and morality. Local news media help audiences make sense of these tragedies. This study examines how attributions of responsibility are framed in local print news stories, guided by the question, “How do news stories frame the cause of death when police officers are killed in the line of duty?” We conducted an ethnographic content analysis of stories a…
Right-Wing Extremism in Canada and the United States
“The Perfect Aryan Housewife”: Intersection of Extremist Violence and Violence Against Women
Despite rhetoric on the association between violence against women and extremist violence, little empirical work has examined the intersection of these forms of violence. Relying on open-source data from the Extremist Crime Database, we examine how these forms of violence intersect in terms of a strained dominant masculinity. Among the 54 extremist offenders with documented histories of violence against women, extremist offenders committed famili…
Gender and Criminal Justice Responses to Terrorism in the United States
Generally, women receive more lenient treatment by the criminal justice system compared to men. Prior research on how gender shaped prosecutorial decision-making and sentencing outcomes has focused on conventional forms of crime, while less is known about how it operates in terrorism-related cases. This is a critical gap in a growing body of research on justice disparities given that women continue to make up a significant portion of terrorism de…
Growth opportunities in American and British terrorism research
This paper identifies what we see as opportunities to improve data collection, analysis, and interpretation of findings in American and British terrorism research. We suggest seven directions that we see as promising. These include: 1) interview methods and reporting, 2) source reporting in database studies, prioritizing available court records, 3) more comparison groups, including non-offender activists for the same cause and non-political offen…
Examining Disparities in Case Dispositions and Sentencing Outcomes for Domestic Violent Extremists in the United States
This study examines how strength of ideology, victim status, and other factors shape prosecutorial and sentencing decisions in cases of far-right extremist homicide. We draw from multiple conceptual frameworks to understand how assessments of defendants’ blameworthiness, crime seriousness, and other practical constraints influence the severity of legal outcomes. Our analysis of data from the United States Extremist Crime Database finds that while…
Criminology (24 works) · Political science (23 works) · Law (21 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (18 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence (16 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Law (12 works) · Poison control (12 works) · Terrorism (11 works)