James P Smith
Biographic Data
| ID | 297063 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James P Smith |
| GIVEN NAMES | James P |
| FAMILY NAME | Smith |
| SIGNATURE | SMITH J P |
| AFFILIATIONS | RAND Corporation |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7432-126X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 73 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 782 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 73 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1947 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Impact of layoffs on mortality and physical health in transitional China 1989-2015
Infant Mortality in Mother and Baby Homes in 20th Century Ireland
During the first half of the 20th century, infant mortality in the general population fell by more than 50% in higher income countries. Despite accounting for a disproportionately high share of deaths in these countries during this period, few quantitative studies have examined the experiences of infants who were born or raised in an institutional context. In this paper, we quantify mortality rates in Mother and Baby Homes in Ireland, institution…
The path to healthy ageing in China: A Peking University–Lancet Commission
Adult Children's Education and Older Parents' Chronic Illnesses in Aging China
Although intergenerational transmission from parents to children has been widely studied, less is known about human capital spillover from children to parents. Utilizing nationally representative data on both doctor diagnosis and biomarkers, as well as exploiting variations in the implementation of China's Compulsory Education Law, we examine the effects of adult children's education on the prevalence of chronic cardiovascular illnesses among old…
The Citizenship Advantage in Psychological Well-being: An Examination of the Hukou System in China
Given that Chinese migrants with rural hukou status are not considered full citizens in their urban destinations, rural-urban hukou conversion signifies full citizenship attainment in urban China. We assess causal effects of three major types of urban hukou attainment—merit-, policy-, and family-based hukou conversion—on migrants' psychological well-being in middle- and later-life. We further examine how hukou matters—how periods and hukou destin…
Supplemental income program design: A cluster-randomized controlled trial to examine the health and wellbeing effects on older adults by gender, duration, and payment frequency
Hukou system, mechanisms, and health stratification across the life course in rural and urban China
Retirement effect on health status and health behaviors in urban China
Early-life deprivation and health outcomes in adulthood: Evidence from childhood hunger episodes of middle-aged and elderly Chinese
The value of education to health: Evidence from Ireland
Fertility, gender preference, the Birth Planning Policy and life satisfaction in China
What they say and what they do: Comparing physical activity across the USA, England and the Netherlands
BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is important for maintaining health, but there are fundamental unanswered questions on how best it should be measured. METHODS: We measured PA in the Netherlands (n=748), the USA (n=540) and England (n=254), both by a 7 day wrist-worn accelerometer and by self-reports. The self-reports included a global self-report on PA and a report on the frequency of vigorous, moderate and mild activity. RESULTS: The self-rep…
Fertility behaviors in South Korea and their association with ultrasound prenatal sex screening
Imbalances in the sex ratio at birth in Southeast and East Asia increased especially after the mid-1980s. We study how ultrasonic technology affected sex ratios at birth in South Korea, a country with a strong son preference. Between 1985 and 1995 fetal screenings and abortion services were widely available, though not available in the years before, and prohibited in the years after. Using the 1985, 1995, and 2005 Census microdata, we examine cha…
Poverty dynamics and parental mental health: Determinants of childhood mental health in the UK
Sibling gender composition’s effect on education: Evidence from China
Macroeconomic implications of population ageing and selected policy responses
Individual Behaviour as a Pathway Between Early-Life Shocks and Adult Health: Evidence from Hunger Episodes in Post-War Germany
Journal Article Individual Behaviour as a Pathway Between Early-Life Shocks and Adult Health: Evidence from Hunger Episodes in Post-War Germany Get access Iris Kesternich, Iris Kesternich University of Leuven Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bettina Siflinger, Bettina Siflinger University of Mannheim Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar James P. Smith, James P. Smith RAND…
Economic Shocks, Early Life Circumstances and Later Life Outcomes: Introduction
Journal Article Economic Shocks, Early Life Circumstances and Later Life Outcomes: Introduction Get access James P. Smith James P. Smith RAND Corporation Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 125, Issue 588, November 2015, Pages F306–F310, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12280 Published: 17 November 2015
Cohort Profile: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a nationally representative longitudinal survey of persons in China 45 years of age or older and their spouses, including assessments of social, economic, and health circumstances of community-residents. CHARLS examines health and economic adjustments to rapid ageing of the population in China. The national baseline survey for the study was conducted between June 2011 and March 2012 a…
The Effects of World War II on Economic and Health Outcomes across Europe
We investigate long-run effects of World War II on socioeconomic status and health of older individuals in Europe. We analyze data from SHARELIFE, a retrospective survey conducted as part of SHARE in Europe in 2009. SHARELIFE provides detailed data on events in childhood during and after the war for over 20,000 individuals in thirteen European countries. We construct several measures of war exposure: experience of dispossession, persecution, comb…
Exporting Poor Health: The Irish in England
In the twentieth century, the Irish-born population in England has typically been in worse health than both the native population and the Irish population in Ireland, a reversal of the commonly observed healthy migrant effect. Recent birth cohorts living in England and born in Ireland, however, are healthier than the English population. The substantial Irish migrant health penalty arises principally for cohorts born between 1920 and 1960. In this…
The effect of health promotion on diagnosis and management of diabetes
BACKGROUND: Undiagnosed disease is one of the critical public health problems in the world. In 2002 South Korea introduced the nation's first comprehensive public health promotion policy, Health Plan 2010. The first phase of Health Plan 2010 started in 2002, promoting the early detection of diseases and preventive care and continued until 2005. METHODS: Using the 2001 and 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys that were fie…
What explains the American disadvantage in health compared with the English? The case of diabetes
BACKGROUND: Middle-aged and older American men and women have almost twice the rate of diabetes of men and women in England. This differential was not explained by conventional risk factors including age, smoking, social position and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: This study used large and representative samples of non-minority adults aged 52-85 years taken from the 1999-2006 American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and…
Housing Mobility and Downsizing at Older Ages in Britain and the USA
This paper examines geographic mobility and housing downsizing at older ages in Britain and the USA. Americans downsize housing much more than the British largely because Americans are much more mobile. The principal reasons for greater mobility among older Americans are twofold: (1) greater spatial distribution of geographic distribution of amenities (such as warm weather) and housing costs; (2) greater institutional rigidities in subsidized Bri…
The Effects of Childhood Health on Adult Health and SES in China
In this paper, we model the associations of childhood health on adult health and socio-economic status outcomes in China using a new sample of middle aged and older Chinese respondents. Modeled after the American Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), the CHARLS Pilot survey respondents are 45 years and older in two quite distinct provinces-Zhejiang, a high growth industrialized province on the East Coast and Gansu, a largely agricultural and poor p…
Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relation Between Health and Economic Status
This paper sketches theoretical reasons why health may alter household savings and provides evidence on the empirical impact of health shocks on household wealth. The impacts on saving are quantitatively large and only partly explained by increased out-of-pocket medical expenses. Other contributing factors include reduced earnings and a revision in life expectancy. The author also delves into reasons why economic status, access to medical care, a…
The new immigrant survey pilot (NIS-P): Overview and new findings about U.S. Legal immigrants at admission
This paper provides an overview of the New Immigrant Survey Pilot (NIS-P), a panel survey of a nationally representative sample of new legal immigrants to the United States based on probability samples of administrative records of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The NIS-P links survey information about immigrants’ pre- and post-immigration labor market, schooling, and migratory experiences with data available from INS admin…
Demographic and economic correlates of health in old age
In this paper we examine disparities in the ability to function among older Americans. We place special emphasis on two goals: (I) understanding the quantitatively large socioeconomic status-health gradient, and (2) the persistence in health outcomes over long periods. We find that there exist strong contemporaneous and long-run feedbacks from health to economic status. In light of these feedbacks, it is important to distinguish among alternative…
Socioeconomic status and racial and ethnic differences in functional status associated with chronic diseases
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationships between wealth and income and selected racial and ethnic differences in health. METHODS: Cross-sectional data on a national sample of 9744 men and women aged 51 through 61 from the 1992 Health and Retirement Survey were analyzed to examine the association between socioeconomic status and racial and ethnic differences in functional status among those with hypertension, diabetes, a heart condition, …
Reconstructing childhood health histories
This article provides evidence about the quality of retrospective childhood health histories given to respondents in the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Even though information on early life health events is critical, there is legitimate skepticism about the ability of older respondents to remember specific health problems that they had during childhood. The evidence presented in this article sugg…
Financial Decision Making and Cognition in a Family Context
In this paper, we studied the association of cognitive traits and in particular numeracy of both spouses on financial outcomes of the family. We found significant effects, particularly for numeracy for financial and non-financial respondents alike, but much larger effects for the financial decision maker in the family. We also examined who makes these financial decisions in the family and why. Once again, cognitive traits such as numeracy were an…
Long-term economic costs of psychological problems during childhood
The increasing value of education to health
Poverty dynamics and parental mental health: Determinants of childhood mental health in the UK
Wealth Inequality Among Older Americans
Using the AHEAD study, this article examines the wealth distribution among American households with a member at least 70 years old. Household wealth is quite unevenly distributed among older American households. Those households in the top 10th percentile of the wealth distribution have 2,500 times as much wealth as those at the lowest 10th percent. This sharp wealth disparity relative to income dispersion is the dominant reason why older minorit…
What Do We Really Know about Wages? The Importance of Nonreporting and Census Imputation
In the most frequently used microdata sets, over a quarter of all respondents now refuse to answer some questions about their incomes. The Census Bureau has dealt with this problem, which has been increasing in severity over time, by imputing incomes of non-respondents. Their imputation procedure, called the "hot deck," essentially matches nonrespondents with demographically similar donors. In this paper we evaluate the census imputation methodol…
From Illegal to Legal: Estimating Previous Illegal Experience among New Legal Immigrants to the United States
This paper develops a framework for estimating previous illegal experience among annual cohorts of new legal immigrants to the United States – using public-use administrative microdata alone, survey data alone, and the two jointly – and provides estimates for the FY 1996 cohort of new immigrants, based on both administrative and survey data. Our procedures enable assessment of type of illegal experience, including entry without inspection, visa o…
The Distribution of Family Earnings
This paper investigates the influence of wives' earnings on the distribution of family earnings. In the process, some differences in the manner in which family earnings are distributed within racial groups are highlighted. Earnings of wives equalize income distributions in white families but increase dispersion among blacks. Because they have conflicting effects, covariances between spouses in their wage rates and labor supply are isolated. Male …
Hukou system, mechanisms, and health stratification across the life course in rural and urban China
Sibling gender composition’s effect on education: Evidence from China
Individual Behaviour as a Pathway Between Early-Life Shocks and Adult Health: Evidence from Hunger Episodes in Post-War Germany
Journal Article Individual Behaviour as a Pathway Between Early-Life Shocks and Adult Health: Evidence from Hunger Episodes in Post-War Germany Get access Iris Kesternich, Iris Kesternich University of Leuven Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bettina Siflinger, Bettina Siflinger University of Mannheim Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar James P. Smith, James P. Smith RAND…
No Time to Be Young: The Economic Prospects for Large Cohorts in the United States
This paper concentrates on the economic experiences of the baby-boom cohorts. We first document their early career experience and demonstrate that indeed this was no time to be young. We then offer reasons why cohort size may be important and note which people, within a cohort, are most likely to be adversely affected. We estimate the magnitude of cohort size effects on earnings potential throughout the work career
Housing Mobility and Downsizing at Older Ages in Britain and the USA
This paper examines geographic mobility and housing downsizing at older ages in Britain and the USA. Americans downsize housing much more than the British largely because Americans are much more mobile. The principal reasons for greater mobility among older Americans are twofold: (1) greater spatial distribution of geographic distribution of amenities (such as warm weather) and housing costs; (2) greater institutional rigidities in subsidized Bri…
Women in the Labor Market and in the Family
There are two themes in this paper. First, we argue that the conventional wisdom of an absence of any substantial labor market progress for women is mistaken. Instead, throughout this century, women's wages have been steadily rising relative to those of men, a progress likely to accelerate in the next few decades. Second, we contend that this labor market progress is not enough. Alongside their labor market advances, the relative economic plight …
The Effects of Childhood Health on Adult Health and SES in China
In this paper, we model the associations of childhood health on adult health and socio-economic status outcomes in China using a new sample of middle aged and older Chinese respondents. Modeled after the American Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), the CHARLS Pilot survey respondents are 45 years and older in two quite distinct provinces-Zhejiang, a high growth industrialized province on the East Coast and Gansu, a largely agricultural and poor p…
Early-life deprivation and health outcomes in adulthood: Evidence from childhood hunger episodes of middle-aged and elderly Chinese
Health Outcomes and Socio-economic Status Among the Elderly in China: Evidence from the CHARLS Pilot
Assortative Mating among Married New Legal Immigrants to the United States: Evidence from the New Immigrant Survey Pilot
This article provides a brief summary of the Pilot for the New Immigrant Survey (NIS) and presents new information, never before available, on one important aspect of immigrant behavior — assortati
The Citizenship Advantage in Psychological Well-being: An Examination of the Hukou System in China
Given that Chinese migrants with rural hukou status are not considered full citizens in their urban destinations, rural-urban hukou conversion signifies full citizenship attainment in urban China. We assess causal effects of three major types of urban hukou attainment—merit-, policy-, and family-based hukou conversion—on migrants' psychological well-being in middle- and later-life. We further examine how hukou matters—how periods and hukou destin…
Retirement effect on health status and health behaviors in urban China
History without Chronology or Geography
Frank L. Esterquest, Joe Patterson Smith; History without Chronology or Geography, Journal of American History, Volume 33, Issue 4, 1 March 1947, Pages 629
Standardization of an Educational Variable: The Need and its Consequences
In evaluating formal education as a factor explaining differences in rates of participation in the voluntary associations of a rural southern mountain community, sex and age differences in absolute levels of educational attainment were adjusted for by transforming them to standard scores within homogeneous cohorts. While this procedure produced only moderate changes in the conclusions drawn from a factorial analysis, examination of cases whose cl…
The Distribution of Family Earnings
This paper investigates the influence of wives' earnings on the distribution of family earnings. In the process, some differences in the manner in which family earnings are distributed within racial groups are highlighted. Earnings of wives equalize income distributions in white families but increase dispersion among blacks. Because they have conflicting effects, covariances between spouses in their wage rates and labor supply are isolated. Male …
Peer Supervision: Toward More Effective Training
This article discusses peer supervision as a vehicle for increasing student responsibility for self-assessment and peer assessment, and increasing independence and interdependence among students for professional and personal growth. The article also explains a model currently in use in a master's degree program in counseling. Included are rationale, definition, implementation, evaluation, and recommendations for use
Asset Accumulation and Family Size
Utilizing panel data on families, estimates are made of the effects of children on asset accumulation, asset composition, consumption, and family income. Young children are found to depress savings for young families but to increase savings for marriages of duration greater than five years. The principal channel through which children act to reduce savings is the decline in female earnings associated with the child-induced withdrawal of wives fro…
Female Labor Supply: Theory and Estimation
Journal Article Female Labor Supply: Theory and Estimation Get access Female Labor Supply: Theory and Estimation. Edited by JAMES P. SMITH. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980. Pp. x + 384. £10.90.) Peter Elias Peter Elias University of Warwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 90, Issue 360, 1 December 1980, Pages 958–960, https://doi.org/10.2307/2231778 Published: 01 D…
Female Labour Supply: Theory and Estimation
No Time to Be Young: The Economic Prospects for Large Cohorts in the United States
This paper concentrates on the economic experiences of the baby-boom cohorts. We first document their early career experience and demonstrate that indeed this was no time to be young. We then offer reasons why cohort size may be important and note which people, within a cohort, are most likely to be adversely affected. We estimate the magnitude of cohort size effects on earnings potential throughout the work career
Female Labor Supply: Theory and Estimation
Closing the gap: Forty years of economic progress for Blacks
What Do We Really Know about Wages? The Importance of Nonreporting and Census Imputation
In the most frequently used microdata sets, over a quarter of all respondents now refuse to answer some questions about their incomes. The Census Bureau has dealt with this problem, which has been increasing in severity over time, by imputing incomes of non-respondents. Their imputation procedure, called the "hot deck," essentially matches nonrespondents with demographically similar donors. In this paper we evaluate the census imputation methodol…
Religion: The Social Context
Children Among the Poor
This article investigates a number of issues that clarify the premises underlying the assignment of children into poverty. Conventional definitions indicate much larger poverty rates among children than among adults. Three possible theoretical reasons for this greater representation of children among the poor are explored. It is shown that the most direct mechanism—poorer parents having more children—is of little importance. Instead, the greater …
Women in the Labor Market and in the Family
There are two themes in this paper. First, we argue that the conventional wisdom of an absence of any substantial labor market progress for women is mistaken. Instead, throughout this century, women's wages have been steadily rising relative to those of men, a progress likely to accelerate in the next few decades. Second, we contend that this labor market progress is not enough. Alongside their labor market advances, the relative economic plight …
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Wealth in the Health and Retirement Study
James P. Smith, Racial and Ethnic Differences in Wealth in the Health and Retirement Study, The Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 30, Special Issue on the Health and Retirement Study: Data Quality and Early Results (1995), pp. S158-S183
Wealth Inequality Among Older Americans
Using the AHEAD study, this article examines the wealth distribution among American households with a member at least 70 years old. Household wealth is quite unevenly distributed among older American households. Those households in the top 10th percentile of the wealth distribution have 2,500 times as much wealth as those at the lowest 10th percent. This sharp wealth disparity relative to income dispersion is the dominant reason why older minorit…
The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration
This report was prepared by the National Research Councils Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration and concerns the economic demographic and fiscal effects of immigration to the United States. Three key questions are explored: What is the influence of immigration on the overall economy especially national and regional labor markets? What are the overall effects of immigration on federal state and local government budgets? [an…
Socioeconomic status and racial and ethnic differences in functional status associated with chronic diseases
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationships between wealth and income and selected racial and ethnic differences in health. METHODS: Cross-sectional data on a national sample of 9744 men and women aged 51 through 61 from the 1992 Health and Retirement Survey were analyzed to examine the association between socioeconomic status and racial and ethnic differences in functional status among those with hypertension, diabetes, a heart condition, …
Demographic and economic correlates of health in old age
In this paper we examine disparities in the ability to function among older Americans. We place special emphasis on two goals: (I) understanding the quantitatively large socioeconomic status-health gradient, and (2) the persistence in health outcomes over long periods. We find that there exist strong contemporaneous and long-run feedbacks from health to economic status. In light of these feedbacks, it is important to distinguish among alternative…
The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration
1 Front Matter 2 1 Introduction 3 2 An Economic Framework for Assessing the Fiscal Impacts of Immigration 4 3 Fiscal Impacts of Immigrant and Native Households: A New Jersey Case Study 5 4 The Fiscal Impacts of Immigrants: A California Case Study 6 5 The Current Fiscal Impact of Immigrants and Their Descendants: Beyond the Immigrant Household 7 6 Immigrants and Natives in General Equilibrium Trade Models 8 7 Labor Market Outcomes of Female Immigr…
The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration
Models and Realities: The Consequences of Immigration
Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relation Between Health and Economic Status
This paper sketches theoretical reasons why health may alter household savings and provides evidence on the empirical impact of health shocks on household wealth. The impacts on saving are quantitatively large and only partly explained by increased out-of-pocket medical expenses. Other contributing factors include reduced earnings and a revision in life expectancy. The author also delves into reasons why economic status, access to medical care, a…
Assortative Mating among Married New Legal Immigrants to the United States: Evidence from the New Immigrant Survey Pilot
This article provides a brief summary of the Pilot for the New Immigrant Survey (NIS) and presents new information, never before available, on one important aspect of immigrant behavior — assortati
Assortative Mating among Married New Legal Immigrants to the United States: Evidence from the New Immigrant Survey Pilot
This article provides a brief summary of the Pilot for the New Immigrant Survey (NIS) and presents new information, never before available, on one important aspect of immigrant behavior — assortative mating. Our intent is to provide a flavor for the kinds of questions that can be studied with this new data base and with the larger-sample full New Immigrant Survey by presenting new information on married couples who are part of immigration flows a…
Economics (50 works) · Demographic economics (38 works) · Medicine (37 works) · Demography (36 works) · Sociology (34 works) · Population (27 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (26 works) · Demography (25 works) · Political science (25 works) · Geography (22 works)