Alan B Krueger
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 302340 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Alan B Krueger |
| NOMBRES | Alan B |
| APELLIDO | Krueger |
| FIRMA | KRUEGER A B |
| AFILIACIONES | Princeton University |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 73 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 1402 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 73 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1986 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 15 |
Solo Self-Employment and Alternative Work Arrangements
The nature of self-employment is changing in most OECD countries. Solo self-employment is increasing relative to self-employment with dependent employees, often being associated with the development of gig economy work and alternative work arrangements. We still know little about this changing composition of jobs. Drawing on ad-hoc surveys run in the UK, US, and Italy, we document that solo self-employment is substantively different from self-emp…
Understanding Trends in Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States
The Rise and Nature of Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States, 1995-2015
To monitor trends in alternative work arrangements, the authors conducted a version of the Contingent Worker Survey as part of the RAND American Life Panel in late 2015. Their findings point to a rise in the incidence of alternative work arrangements in the US economy from 1995 to 2015. The percentage of workers engaged in alternative work arrangements-defined as temporary help agency workers, on-call workers, contract workers, and independent co…
Reply to the Comment by Berg and Johnston
What makes a terrorist
Why we need to think more like economists to successfully combat terrorism If we are to correctly assess the root causes of terrorism and successfully address the threat, we must think more like economists do. Alan Krueger's What Makes a Terrorist, explains why our tactics in the fight against terrorism must be based on more than anecdote, intuition, and speculation. Many popular ideas about terrorists are fueled by falsehoods, misinformation, an…
Independent Workers
Independent workers are excluded from many important aspects of the social contract that protects traditional employees, such as anti-discrimination legislation and employer-provided health insurance. This lecture draws on evidence from a new survey of 1,321 self-employed workers to consider policies regarding benefits, taxes, training, discrimination, and contract enforcement. Among the most significant findings: 1) health insurance is typically…
An Analysis of the Labor Market for Uber's Driver-Partners in the United States
Uber, the ride-sharing company launched in 2010, has grown at an exponential rate. Using both survey and administrative data, the authors provide the first comprehensive analysis of the labor market for Uber's driver-partners. Drivers appear to be attracted to the Uber platform largely because of the flexibility it offers, the level of compensation, and the fact that earnings per hour do not vary much based on the number of hours worked. Uber's d…
Experiential Wellbeing Data from the American Time Use Survey
The Evolution of Rotation Group Bias
We document that rotation group bias—the tendency for the unemployment rate to vary systematically by month in sample—in the Current Population Survey (CPS) has worsened over time. Estimated unemployment rates for earlier rotation groups have grown sharply relative to later rotation groups; both should be nationally representative samples. This bias increased discretely after the 1994 CPS redesign, and rising nonresponse rates are likely a signif…
The Rise and Nature of Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States, 1995-2015
To monitor trends in alternative work arrangements, we conducted a version of the Contingent Worker Survey as part of the RAND American Life Panel in late 2015.The findings point to a significant rise in the incidence of alternative work arrangements in the U.S. economy from 2005 to 2015.The percentage of workers engaged in alternative work arrangements -defined as temporary help agency workers, on-call workers, contract workers, and independent …
Disruptive Change in the Taxi Business
In most cities, the taxi industry is highly regulated and has restricted entry. Ride sharing services, such as Uber and Lyft, which use mobile internet technology to connect passengers and drivers, have begun to compete with traditional taxis. This paper examines the efficiency of ride sharing services vis-a-vis taxis. In most cities with data available, UberX drivers spend a significantly higher fraction of their time, and drive a substantially …
Myth and Measurement
The History of Economic Thought on the Minimum Wage
Myth and Measurement
A Retrospective Look at Rescuing and Restructuring General Motors and Chrysler
The rescue of the US automobile industry amid the 2008-2009 recession and financial crisis was a consequential, controversial, and difficult decision made at a fraught moment for the US economy. Both of us were involved in the decision process at the time, but since have moved back to academia. More than five years have passed since the bailout began, and it is timely to look back at this unusual episode of economic policymaking to consider what …
The Department of Labor at the Intersection of Research and Policy
Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Princeton University; at the time these remarks were delivered he
Analyzing the Extent and Influence of Occupational Licensing on the Labor Market
This study examines occupational licensing in the United States using a specially designed national labor force survey. Estimates from the survey indicated that 35% of employees were either licensed or certified by the government and that 29% were licensed. Another 3% stated that all who worked in their job would eventually be required to be certified or licensed, bringing the total that are or eventually must be licensed or certified by governme…
Time Use and Subjective Well-Being in France and the U.S
The reliability of subjective well-being measures
Kto Kogo?
Introduction Popular wisdom in the burgeoning literature on terrorism focuses on the economic motivations of terrorists. “We fight against poverty,” President George W. Bush explained in Monterrey, Mexico, on March 23, 2002, “because hope is an answer to terror.” Stern (2003) also draws a direct connection between poverty and terrorism. Though poverty is an attractive answer to the question of “why terrorism?”, the data do not lend much support f…
Terrorism, Economic Development, and Political Openness
To what extent are terrorism and development related? What are the relative weights of the economic, political, and social aspects of development? What is the development impact of different responses to terrorism? This volume addresses these crucial questions, synthesizing what we know about the development links with terrorism and pointing out what we do not. Contributors to this volume examine the economic and fiscal costs of terrorism and the…
What Makes a Terrorist
Many popular ideas about terrorists and why they seek to harm us are fueled by falsehoods and misinformation. Leading politicians and scholars have argued that poverty and lack of education breed terrorism, despite the wealth of evidence showing that most terrorists come from middle-class, and often college-educated, backgrounds. In What Makes a Terrorist , Alan Krueger argues that if we are to correctly assess the root causes of terrorism and su…
Would You Be Happier If You Were Richer? A Focusing Illusion
The belief that high income is associated with good mood is widespread but mostly illusory. People with above-average income are relatively satisfied with their lives but are barely happier than others in moment-to-moment experience, tend to be more tense, and do not spend more time in particularly enjoyable activities. Moreover, the effect of income on life satisfaction seems to be transient. We argue that people exaggerate the contribution of i…
A population approach to the study of emotion
To date, diurnal rhythms of emotions have been studied with real-time data collection methods mostly in relatively small samples. The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM), a new survey instrument that reconstructs the emotions of a day, is examined as a method for enabling large-scale investigations of rhythms. Diurnal cycles were observed for 12 emotion adjectives in 909 women over a working day. Bimodal patterns with peaks at noon and evenings were …
Myth and Measurement
Education, Poverty and Terrorism
The paper investigates whether there is a connection between poverty or low education and terrorism. We review evidence on hate crimes, which are closely related to terrorism; the occurrence of hate crimes is largely independent of economic conditions. We analyze data on support for attacks against Israeli targets from public opinion polls conducted in the West Bank and Gaza Strip; support for violent attacks does not decrease among those with hi…
Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being
Direct reports of subjective well-being may have a useful role in the measurement of consumer preferences and social welfare, if they can be done in a credible way. Can well-being be measured by a subjective survey, even approximately? In this paper, we discuss research on how individuals' responses to subjective well-being questions vary with their circumstances and other factors. We will argue that it is fruitful to distinguish among different …
Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings
We establish that season of birth is related to educational attainment because of school start age policy and compulsory school attendance laws. Individuals born in the beginning of the year start school at an older age, and can therefore drop out after completing less schooling than individuals born near the end of the year. Roughly 25 percent of potential dropouts remain in school because of compulsory schooling laws. We estimate the impact of …
Does School Quality Matter? Returns to Education and the Characteristics of Public Schools in the United States
This paper estimates the effects of school quality--measured by the pupil/teacher ratio, average term length, and relative teacher pay--on the rate of return to education for men born between 1920 and 1949. Using earnings data from the 1980 census, the authors find that men who were educated in states with higher-quality schools have a higher return to additional years of schooling. Rates of return are also higher for individuals from states with…
The Effect of Attending a Small Class in the Early Grades on College‐test Taking and Middle School Test Results
Journal Article The Effect of Attending a Small Class in the Early Grades on College‐test Taking and Middle School Test Results: Evidence from Project Star Get access Alan B. Krueger, Alan B. Krueger Princeton University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Diane M. Whitmore Diane M. Whitmore Princeton University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volu…
Myth and Measurement
Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage. By (David) Card and (Alan B.). Krueger (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995. Pp. x+422. £25.00. US S29.95 hardback. ISBN 0 691 04390 6.) Stephen Bazen Stephen Bazen Universite de Bordeaux IV Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 106, Issue 434, 1 Januar…
The Rise and Nature of Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States, 1995-2015
To monitor trends in alternative work arrangements, the authors conducted a version of the Contingent Worker Survey as part of the RAND American Life Panel in late 2015. Their findings point to a rise in the incidence of alternative work arrangements in the US economy from 1995 to 2015. The percentage of workers engaged in alternative work arrangements-defined as temporary help agency workers, on-call workers, contract workers, and independent co…
An Analysis of the Labor Market for Uber's Driver-Partners in the United States
Uber, the ride-sharing company launched in 2010, has grown at an exponential rate. Using both survey and administrative data, the authors provide the first comprehensive analysis of the labor market for Uber's driver-partners. Drivers appear to be attracted to the Uber platform largely because of the flexibility it offers, the level of compensation, and the fact that earnings per hour do not vary much based on the number of hours worked. Uber's d…
Time Use and Subjective Well-Being in France and the U.S
Strikes, Scabs, and Tread Separations
This paper provides a case study of the effect of labor relations on product quality. We consider whether a long, contentious strike and the hiring of replacement workers at Bridgestone/Firestone's Decatur, Illinois, plant in the mid-1990s contributed to the production of defective tires. Using several independent data sources and looking before and after the strike and across plants, we find that labor strife at the Decatur plant closely coincid…
The Effect of the Minimum Wage on the Fast-Food Industry
Using a longitudinal survey of fast-food restaurants in Texas, the authors examine the impact of recent increases in the federal minimum wage on a low-wage labor market. Less than 5% of fast-food restaurants were using the new youth subminimum wage in July/August 1991, even though the vast majority paid a starting wage below the new hourly minimum wage immediately before it became effective. Although some restaurants increased wages beyond the le…
Economic Considerations and Class Size
This paper examines evidence on the effect of class size on student achievement. First, it is shown that results of quantitative summaries of the literature, such as Hanushek (1997), depend critically on whether studies are accorded equal weight. Hanushek summarizes 277 estimates extracted from 59 published studies, and weights all estimates equally, which implicitly places more weight on some studies than others. A small number of studies, which…
Another Look at the New York City School Voucher Experiment
This article reexamines data from the New York City school choice program, the largest and best-implemented private school scholarship experiment yet conducted. In the experiment, low-income public school students in kindergarten to Grade 4 were eligible to participate in a series of lotteries for a private school scholarship in May 1997. Data were collected from students and their parents at baseline and in the spring of each of the next 3 years…
School Resources and Student Outcomes
This paper reviews and interprets the literature on the effects of school resources on students' eventual earnings and educational attainment. In addition, new evidence is presented on the impact of the great disparity in school resources between black and white students in North and South Carolina that existed in the first half of the twentieth century, and the subsequent narrowing of these resource disparities. Following birth cohorts over time…
Would the Elimination of Affirmative Action Affect Highly Qualified Minority Applicants? Evidence from California and Texas
Between 1996 and 1998 California and Texas eliminated the use of affirmative action in college and university admissions. At the states' elite public universities admission rates of black and Hispanic students subsequently fell by 30-50% and minority representation in the entering freshman classes declined. This study investigates whether the elimination of affirmative action changed minority students' college application behavior. A particular c…
The Determinants of Queues for Federal Jobs
This paper examines the determinants of the number and quality of outside applicants for federal job openings, using a variety of time-series, cross-sectional, and panel data sets. The main finding is that the application rate for government jobs increases as the ratio of federal to private sector earnings increases, but the rate does not appear to be related to the relative level of fringe benefits. Furthermore, an increase in the federal-privat…
The Evolution of Unjust-Dismissal Legislation in the United States
In the past decade, many state courts have ruled in favor of employees alleging they were improperly dismissed. The author of this paper advances an evolutionary theory of unjust-dismissal legislation in which employer groups, responding to the threat of large and variable damage awards imposed by the judicial system, eventually support unjust-dismissal legislation in order to clearly define property rights, reduce uncertainty, and limit employer…
Inefficiency, Subsample Selection Bias, and Nonrobustness
This article responds to Peterson and Howell's (PH's) defense of their voucher research. We show that PH's rationales for excluding some 815 students-more than 40% of their sample-because they lacked baseline data in a randomized experiment are unconvincing. For example, PH's assertion that students with missing baseline scores had a greater risk of mismatch is based on a misunderstanding of the way the experiment was conducted; the organization …
School Resources and Student Outcomes
In this article, David Card and Alan Krueger review the literature examining how school resources affect students' educational attainment and earnings. After addressing the challenges that researchers face in studying such a connection, the authors describe the theoretical framework they used to interpret the literature on schooling, school quality, and earnings. The framework is guided by four propositions: that earnings rise with educational at…
The Structure of Supervision and Pay in Hospitals
Using BLS data on 300 hospitals in 1985, the authors examine pay in four occupations, with a particular focus on the effect of supervision on the pay of nonsupervisory employees. There was a strong hospital-specific effect on wages that cut across occupations; thus, if a hospital paid relatively high wages to one occupation, it was likely to pay high wages to workers in other occupations as well. The inter-occupational pattern of the ratio of sup…
Understanding Trends in Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States
Myth and Measurement
Experiential Wellbeing Data from the American Time Use Survey
Solo Self-Employment and Alternative Work Arrangements
The nature of self-employment is changing in most OECD countries. Solo self-employment is increasing relative to self-employment with dependent employees, often being associated with the development of gig economy work and alternative work arrangements. We still know little about this changing composition of jobs. Drawing on ad-hoc surveys run in the UK, US, and Italy, we document that solo self-employment is substantively different from self-emp…
An Interview with Edmond Malinvaud
This article contains an interview with Edmond Malinvaud. Professor Malinvaud describes the origins of his interest in economics, teachers who had a major influence on his development as an economist, his visit to the Cowles Commission in 1950, the substance of his research, and the contributions he made as a policy maker. Among the interesting tidbits in the interview is that Professor Malinvaud's popular textbooks in microeconomic theory, macro…
Labour Economics
Efficiency Wages and the Inter-Industry Wage Structure
This paper uses cross-sectional and longitudinal data to examine differences in pay for equally-skilled workers in different ind ustries. The major finding is that there is substantial dispersion in wages across industries, even after allowing for measured and unmeas ured labor quality, working conditions, fringe benefits, transitory d emand shocks, the threat of union-ization, union bargaining power, fi rm size, and other factors. In addition, e…
The Determinants of Queues for Federal Jobs
This paper examines the determinants of the number and quality of outside applicants for federal job openings, using a variety of time-series, cross-sectional, and panel data sets. The main finding is that the application rate for government jobs increases as the ratio of federal to private sector earnings increases, but the rate does not appear to be related to the relative level of fringe benefits. Furthermore, an increase in the federal-privat…
Public Sector Payrolls
The Employers' Costs of Workers' Compensation Insurance
Alan B. Krueger, John F. Burton, Jr., The Employers' Costs of Workers' Compensation Insurance: Magnitudes, Determinants, and Public Policy, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 72, No. 2 (May, 1990), pp. 228-240
The Structure of Supervision and Pay in Hospitals
Using BLS data on 300 hospitals in 1985, the authors examine pay in four occupations, with a particular focus on the effect of supervision on the pay of nonsupervisory employees. There was a strong hospital-specific effect on wages that cut across occupations; thus, if a hospital paid relatively high wages to one occupation, it was likely to pay high wages to workers in other occupations as well. The inter-occupational pattern of the ratio of sup…
Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement
A reduction in trade barriers generally will affect the environment by expanding the scale of economic activity, by altering the composition of economic activity, and by bringing about a change in the techniques of production. We present empirical evidence to assess the relative magnitudes of these three effects as they apply to further trade liberalization in Mexico.
The Extent of Measurement Error in Longitudinal Earnings Data
This article examines the properties and prevalence of measurement error in longitudinal earnings data. The analysis compares matched Current Population Survey data to administrative Social Security payroll tax records. In contrast to typically assumed properties of measurement error, the results indicate that errors are serially correlated over two years and negatively correlated with true earnings (i.e., mean reverting). In a cross section, the…
Does Compulsory School Attendance Affect Schooling and Earnings
We establish that season of birth is related to educational attainment because of school start age policy and compulsory school attendance laws. Individuals born in the beginning of the year start school at an older age, and can therefore drop out after completing less schooling than individuals born near the end of the year. Roughly 25 percent of potential dropouts remain in school because of compulsory schooling laws. We estimate the impact of …
The Evolution of Unjust-Dismissal Legislation in the United States
In the past decade, many state courts have ruled in favor of employees alleging they were improperly dismissed. The author of this paper advances an evolutionary theory of unjust-dismissal legislation in which employer groups, responding to the threat of large and variable damage awards imposed by the judicial system, eventually support unjust-dismissal legislation in order to clearly define property rights, reduce uncertainty, and limit employer…
School Quality and Black-White Relative Earnings
The wage differential between black and white men fell from 40 percent in 1960 to 25 percent in 1980. It has been argued that this convergence reflects improvements in the relative quality of black schools. To test this hypothesis, we assembled data on pupil-teacher ratios, annual teacher pay, and term length for black and white schools in the eighteen segregated states from 1915 to 1966. These data are linked to estimated returns to education fo…
[Comment on Alan B. Krueger, "The Evolution of Unjust-Dismissal Legislation in the United States"]
Does School Quality Matter? Returns to Education and the Characteristics of Public Schools in the United States
This paper estimates the effects of school quality--measured by the pupil/teacher ratio, average term length, and relative teacher pay--on the rate of return to education for men born between 1920 and 1949. Using earnings data from the 1980 census, the authors find that men who were educated in states with higher-quality schools have a higher return to additional years of schooling. Rates of return are also higher for individuals from states with…
The Effect of the Minimum Wage on the Fast-Food Industry
Using a longitudinal survey of fast-food restaurants in Texas, the authors examine the impact of recent increases in the federal minimum wage on a low-wage labor market. Less than 5% of fast-food restaurants were using the new youth subminimum wage in July/August 1991, even though the vast majority paid a starting wage below the new hourly minimum wage immediately before it became effective. Although some restaurants increased wages beyond the le…
How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure
This paper uses Current Population Survey data to examine whether workers who use a computer at work earn a higher wage rate than otherwise similar workers who do not use a computer at work. A variety of models are estimated to try to correct for unobserved variables that might be correlated with job-related computer use and earnings. Estimates suggest that workers who use computers on their job earn 10 to 15 percent higher wages. Additionally, t…
Policy Watch
We consider the recently proposed "income-contingent loan" (ICL), in which Congress would establish a national trust fund from which students could borrow money to finance the cost of attending college; students would repay these loans by contributing a fixed proportion of their subsequent income for a specified number of years. One key issue is whether proposed income-contingent loan plans will be self-financing; that is, will the value of loan …
Why Do World War II Veterans Earn More than Nonveterans?
World War II veterans earn more than nonveterans in their cohort. We test whether the World War II veteran premium reflects nonrandom selection into the military of men with higher earnings potential. The estimation is based on the fact that from 1942 to 1947 priority for conscription was determined by date of birth. Information on individuals' dates of birth may therefore be used to construct instrumental variables for veteran status. Empirical …
"Comment on David Neumark and William Wascher, "Employment Effects of Minimum and Subminimum Wages
In their article published in the Minimum Wage Research Symposium in the October 1992 issue of this journal (Industrial and LaborRelations Review, Volume 45, Number 1, pp. 55-81), David Neumark and William Wascher claim to find empirical support for three propositions: (1) a higher minimum wage leads to a lower teenage employmentpopulation rate; (2) the effect of the minimum wage on employment can be seen within a year, but becomes stronger after…
Economic Growth and the Environment
We examine the reduced-form relationship between per capita income and various environmental indicators. Our study covers four types of indicators: urban air pollution, the state of the oxygen regime in river basins, fecal contamination of river basins, and contamination of river basins by heavy metals. We find no evidence that environmental quality deteriorates steadily with economic growth. Rather, for most indicators, economic growth brings an…
Split-Sample Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Return to Schooling
Two-stage least squares is biased in the same direction as ordinary least squares even in very large samples. The authors propose a split-sample instrumental variables estimator that is not biased toward ordinary least squares. Split-sample instrumental variables uses one-half of a sample to estimate parameters of the first-stage equation. Estimated first-stage parameters are then used to construct fitted values and second-stage parameter estimat…
Myth and Measurement
Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage. By (David) Card and (Alan B.). Krueger (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995. Pp. x+422. £25.00. US S29.95 hardback. ISBN 0 691 04390 6.) Stephen Bazen Stephen Bazen Universite de Bordeaux IV Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 106, Issue 434, 1 Januar…
School Resources and Student Outcomes
This paper reviews and interprets the literature on the effects of school resources on students' eventual earnings and educational attainment. In addition, new evidence is presented on the impact of the great disparity in school resources between black and white students in North and South Carolina that existed in the first half of the twentieth century, and the subsequent narrowing of these resource disparities. Following birth cohorts over time…
Computing Inequality
This paper examines the effect of skill-biased technological change as measured by computerization on the recent widening of U. S. educational wage differentials. An analysis of aggregate changes in the relative supplies and wages of workers by education from 1940 to 1996 indicates strong and persistent growth in relative demand favoring college graduates. Rapid skill upgrading within detailed industries accounts for most of the growth in the rel…
School Resources and Student Outcomes
In this article, David Card and Alan Krueger review the literature examining how school resources affect students' educational attainment and earnings. After addressing the challenges that researchers face in studying such a connection, the authors describe the theoretical framework they used to interpret the literature on schooling, school quality, and earnings. The framework is guided by four propositions: that earnings rise with educational at…
Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions
This paper analyzes data on 11,600 students and their teachers who were randomly assigned to different size classes from kindergarten through third grade. Statistical methods are used to adjust for nonrandom attrition and transitions between classes. The main conclusions are (1) on average, performance on standardized tests increases by four percentile points the first year students attend small classes; (2) the test score advantage of students i…
Economics (54 obras) · Political science (23 obras) · Labour economics (20 obras) · Psychology (20 obras) · Business (17 obras) · Demographic economics (17 obras) · Law (15 obras) · Sociology (15 obras) · Mathematics (14 obras) · Statistics (13 obras)