Russell Viner
Biographic Data
| ID | 304866 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Russell Viner |
| GIVEN NAMES | Russell |
| FAMILY NAME | Viner |
| SIGNATURE | VINER R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University College London |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3047-2247 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 51 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 106 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 51 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Causal mediation approaches for understanding pathways to inequalities and policy entry points: Examples from early years health and development
The reduction of health inequalities has been a priority of researchers, decision-makers and practitioners for many years. Advances in causal mediation analysis offer great promise for identifying intervention targets and inferring how policy actions might alter health inequalities. However, these methods are sometimes presented in a manner that is not accessible to the wider community of health researchers. Causal mediation methods also have a r…
Measurement Instruments for Integration within Children and Young People Healthcare Systems and Networks: A Rapid Review of the International Literature
Introduction: Robust measures of integration are essential for assessment of the development, design and implementation of integration within healthcare systems. This review aimed to identify measurement instruments for integration within children and young people’s (CYP) healthcare systems (PROSPERO registration number CRD42021235383). Methods: We searched electronic databases (PubMED and Ovid Embase) using three main concepts: ‘(integrated care…
School Closures During Social Lockdown and Mental Health, Health Behaviors, and Well-being Among Children and Adolescents During the First Covid-19 Wave: A Systematic Review
IMPORTANCE: School closures as part of broader social lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with the health and well-being of children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To review published reports on the association of school closures during broader social lockdown with mental health, health behaviors, and well-being in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years, excluding associations with transmission of infection. EVIDENC…
Is being a victim of bullying or cyberbullying in secondary school associated with subsequent risk‐taking behavior in adolescence? A longitudinal study in secondary schools
INTRODUCTION: Neurobiological and social changes in adolescence can make victims of bullying more susceptible to subsequent impulsive behavior. With the high prevalence of bullying in schools and rise in cyberbullying in the United Kingdom, it is important that the health impacts of bullying victimization, including on risk-taking, are understood. Our study aims to investigate whether bullying/cyberbullying victimization is associated with subseq…
Natural history of mental health competence from childhood to adolescence
Background Mental health competence (MHC) involves psychosocial capabilities such as regulating emotions, interacting well with peers and caring for others, and predicts a range of health and social outcomes. This study examines the course of MHC from childhood to adolescence and patterning by gender and disadvantage, in Australian and UK contexts. Methods Data: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n=4983) and the Millennium Cohort Study (n…
Research priorities for mental health in schools in the wake of Covid-19
Children and young people (CYP) have suffered challenges to their mental health as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; effects have been most pronounced on those already disadvantaged. Adopting a whole-school approach embracing changes to school environments, cultures and curricula is key to recovery, combining social and emotional skill building, mental health support and interventions to promote commitment and belonging. An evidence-based respon…
Is positive school climate associated with better adolescent mental health? Longitudinal study of young people in England
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies suggest that individual student-reported connection to school is associated with better mental health. However, there is less evidence for associations between schools' overall school climate and the mental health of their students. This may reflect limitations in which mental health outcomes have been examined. We conducted a large longitudinal study in schools, hypothesising that we would find associations at …
Sociodemographic profiles, educational attainment and physical activity associated with The Daily MileTM registration in primary schools in England: A national cross-sectional linkage study
Objective To examine primary school and local authority characteristics associated with registration for The Daily Mile (TDM), an active mile initiative aimed at increasing physical activity in children. Design A cross-sectional linkage study using routinely collected data. Setting All state-funded primary schools in England from 2012 to 2018 (n=15,815). Results 3,502 of all 15,815 (22.1%) state-funded primary schools in England were registered t…
Moderated mediation analyses to assess intervention mechanisms for impacts on victimisation, psycho-social problems and mental wellbeing: Evidence from the INCLUSIVE realist randomized trial
Effects of the school environment on early sexual risk behavior: A longitudinal analysis of students in English secondary schools
INTRODUCTION: The theory of human functioning and school organization proposes that schools promote health by strengthening students' educational engagement. Previous studies have relied on proxy measures of engagement and not examined sexual health. This paper addresses these gaps. METHODS: Longitudinal data came from the control arm of a randomized trial involving female and male students ages 12-14 in English secondary-schools (n = 3337 studen…
An evidence-based theory of change for reducing Sars-CoV-2 transmission in reopened schools
Progress in adolescent health and wellbeing: Tracking 12 headline indicators for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016
BACKGROUND: Rapid demographic, epidemiological, and nutritional transitons have brought a pressing need to track progress in adolescent health. Here, we present country-level estimates of 12 headline indicators from the Lancet Commission on adolescent health and wellbeing, from 1990 to 2016. METHODS: Indicators included those of health outcomes (disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs] due to communicable, maternal, and nutritional diseases; injuri…
Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: A systematic review of reviews
Roles of cyberbullying, sleep, and physical activity in mediating the effects of social media use on mental health and wellbeing among young people in England: A secondary analysis of longitudinal dat…
Examining intervention mechanisms of action using mediation analysis within a randomised trial of a whole-school health intervention
BACKGROUND: Interventions to modify school environments are effective in promoting young people's health across outcomes, but mechanisms are poorly understood. We assessed mediation in a trial of the Learning Together intervention, building on the recent publication of results of effectiveness for reducing bullying and benefits across secondary outcomes and generally good implementation fidelity. METHODS: Within a cluster-randomised trial involvi…
Patterns of BMI development between 10 and 42 years of age and their determinants in the 1970 British Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: Mixture modelling is a useful approach to identify subgroups in a population who share similar trajectories. We aimed to identify distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories between 10 and 42 years and investigate how known early-life risk factors are related to trajectories. METHODS: Sample: 9187 participants in the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study, with BMI observations between 10 and 42 years and data on birth weight, parental BMI, …
Effects of school environments on student risk-behaviours: Evidence from a longitudinal study of secondary schools in England
BACKGROUND: The theory of human functioning and school organisation proposes that schools with rigid 'boundaries' (weaker relationships), for example, between staff and students, or learning and broader development, engender weaker student school commitment and sense of belonging, particularly among disadvantaged students, leading to greater involvement in risk-behaviours. Existing studies provide some support but rely on a proxy exposure of 'val…
Action groups as a participative strategy for leading whole‐school health promotion: Results on implementation from the INCLUSIVE trial in English secondary schools
Education policy increasingly promotes action groups as a key strategy for student and/or staff participation in school improvement and whole‐school health promotion. Such groups can coordinate multi‐component interventions, increase participation and engagement, and enable local adaptations, but few process evaluations have assessed this. We evaluated fidelity, feasibility and acceptability of action groups as part of a trial of a whole‐school i…
Effects of the Learning Together intervention on bullying and aggression in English secondary schools (INCLUSIVE): A cluster randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND: Bullying, aggression, and violence among children and young people are some of the most consequential public mental health problems. We tested the Learning Together intervention, which involved students in efforts to modify their school environment using restorative practice and by developing social and emotional skills. METHODS: We did a cluster randomised trial, with economic and process evaluations, of the Learning Together interve…
Effectiveness of Universal Self-regulation–Based Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Importance: Childhood and adolescence self-regulation (SR) is gaining importance as a target of intervention because of mounting evidence of its positive associations with health, social and educational outcomes. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of rigorously evaluated interventions to improve self-regulation in children and adolescents. Data Sources: Keyword searches of the PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, ERIC, …
Adolescence and the next generation
Adolescent growth and social development shape the early development of offspring from preconception through to the post-partum period through distinct processes in males and females. At a time of great change in the forces shaping adolescence, including the timing of parenthood, investments in today’s adolescents, the largest cohort in human history, will yield great dividends for future generations.
How adolescent health influences education and employment: Investigating longitudinal associations and mechanisms
BACKGROUND: Education is recognised as a strong determinant of health. Yet there is increasing concern that health in adolescence may also influence educational attainments and future life chances. We examined associations between health in early adolescence and subsequent academic and employment outcomes, exploring potential mediators of these relationships to inform intervention strategies. METHODS: We used data from the Longitudinal Study of Y…
Associations between socio‐economic status (including school‐ and pupil‐level interactions) and student perceptions of school environment and health in English secondary schools
This article examines interactions between school‐level and pupil‐level measures of socio‐economic status for pupil reports of the school environment and a range of risk behaviours and health outcomes. The baseline survey for the INCLUSIVE trial provided data on pupil affluence and pupil reports of the school environment, smoking, drinking, anti‐social behaviour at school, quality of life and psychological wellbeing for over 6,000 pupils (aged 11…
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Severity at Diagnosis and Glycaemic Control in the First Year of Childhood Onset Type 1 Diabetes—A Longitudinal Cohort Study
It is unclear whether diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) severity at diagnosis affects the natural history of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We analysed associations between DKA severity at diagnosis and glycaemic control during the first year post-diagnosis. We followed 341 children with T1D, c trajectories (glycaemic control) during 12 months post-diagnosis (1288 HbA1 c data-points) based on DKA, adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, SES (Socioeconomic Status) a…
The impact of income inequality and national wealth on child and adolescent mortality in low and middle-income countries
Policies to reduce income inequality, rather than prioritising economic growth at all costs, may be needed to improve adolescent mortality in low and middle-income countries, a key development priority
Life course epidemiology: Recognising the importance of adolescence
Life course epidemiology may be conceptualised as “the study of long term effects on later health or disease risk of physical or social exposures during gestation, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood and later adult life.”1 Adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood defined by the WHO as 10–19 years, has an uneasy status in epidemiology. On the one hand, adolescents, who now number over 1.2 billion worldwide—around 20% of the glo…
Putting Stress in Life: Hans Selye and the Making of Stress Theory
Hans Selye discovered Stress in 1935 as a syndrome occurring in laboratory rats. In the modern world, Stress has become a universal explanation for human behaviour in industrial society. Selye's discovery arose out of widespread interest in the stability of bodily systems in 1930s' physiology; however, his findings were rejected by physiologists until the 1970s. This analysis is framed in terms of Latour's actor-network theories, and traces the t…
Adult outcomes of binge drinking in adolescence: Findings from a UK national birth cohort
AIMS: The aim of the study was to determine outcomes in adult life of binge drinking in adolescence in a national birth cohort. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal birth cohort: 1970 British Birth Cohort Study surveys at 16 years (1986) and 30 years (2000). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 11 622 subjects participated at age 16 years and 11 261 subjects participated at age 30 years. MEASUREMENTS: At the age of 16 years, data on binge drinking (defined as tw…
Cultural identity, acculturation, and mental health among adolescents in east London’s multiethnic community
Study objective: To investigate cultural identity as a risk factor for mental health problems among adolescents. Design: A cross sectional school based population survey. Mental health problems were measured using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Pupils were classified into one of four cultural identity types on the basis of friendship and clothing choices. Setting: East London. Participants: 2623 adolescents (aged 11–14) from a repr…
How adolescent health influences education and employment: Investigating longitudinal associations and mechanisms
BACKGROUND: Education is recognised as a strong determinant of health. Yet there is increasing concern that health in adolescence may also influence educational attainments and future life chances. We examined associations between health in early adolescence and subsequent academic and employment outcomes, exploring potential mediators of these relationships to inform intervention strategies. METHODS: We used data from the Longitudinal Study of Y…
Cultural identity, clothing and common mental disorder: A prospective school-based study of white British and Bangladeshi adolescents
Cultural identity, expressed by clothing preferences, influences mental health; the effects differ by gender and ethnic group
People Make Assumptions About Our Communities’: Sexual Health Amongst Teenagers from Black and Minority Ethnic Backgrounds in East London
Our paper suggests culture, gender, religion and youth influence BME teenagers in aspects of sexual relationships, and that these social markers may have different contextual meanings for individuals. The multiplicity of factors affecting attitudes/behaviour requires a range of contraceptive, counselling, screening and sex education services available for all teenagers, although delivery patterns may differ in response to differing needs
Trends and socioeconomic disparities in preadolescent's health in the UK: Evidence from two birth cohorts 32 years apart
BACKGROUND: Compared to children and adults, little is known about changes in adolescent health over time. This study profiles the health of preadolescents in two distinct time periods, 1980 and 2012. METHODS: Secondary analysis of the British Cohort Study and the Millennium Cohort Study for preadolescents mostly aged between 10 and 11.5 years (range 9.75-13 years). The prevalence/average of, and socioeconomic gradients in, the following were com…
Causal mediation approaches for understanding pathways to inequalities and policy entry points: Examples from early years health and development
The reduction of health inequalities has been a priority of researchers, decision-makers and practitioners for many years. Advances in causal mediation analysis offer great promise for identifying intervention targets and inferring how policy actions might alter health inequalities. However, these methods are sometimes presented in a manner that is not accessible to the wider community of health researchers. Causal mediation methods also have a r…
Associations between socio‐economic status (including school‐ and pupil‐level interactions) and student perceptions of school environment and health in English secondary schools
This article examines interactions between school‐level and pupil‐level measures of socio‐economic status for pupil reports of the school environment and a range of risk behaviours and health outcomes. The baseline survey for the INCLUSIVE trial provided data on pupil affluence and pupil reports of the school environment, smoking, drinking, anti‐social behaviour at school, quality of life and psychological wellbeing for over 6,000 pupils (aged 11…
Income-related inequality in health and health-related behaviour: Exploring the equalisation hypothesis
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found the socioeconomic gradient in health among adolescents to be lower than that observed during childhood and adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine income-related inequalities in health and health-related behaviour across the lifespan in England to explore 'equalisation' in adolescence. METHODS: We used five years of data (2006-2010) from the Health Survey for England to explore inequalities in six i…
Ethnicity, Socio-economic Status, Overweight and Underweight in East London Adolescents
The 'epidemic' of childhood obesity observed in the UK involves adolescents from all ethnic groups, although there are some differences between ethnic groups in the prevalence of overweight. Indian males appear to be at increased risk of being overweight. There is no evidence of a simultaneous increase in underweight amongst this population overall, but Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani boys appear to be at increased risk of being underweight
Moderated mediation analyses to assess intervention mechanisms for impacts on victimisation, psycho-social problems and mental wellbeing: Evidence from the INCLUSIVE realist randomized trial
Examining intervention mechanisms of action using mediation analysis within a randomised trial of a whole-school health intervention
BACKGROUND: Interventions to modify school environments are effective in promoting young people's health across outcomes, but mechanisms are poorly understood. We assessed mediation in a trial of the Learning Together intervention, building on the recent publication of results of effectiveness for reducing bullying and benefits across secondary outcomes and generally good implementation fidelity. METHODS: Within a cluster-randomised trial involvi…
Action groups as a participative strategy for leading whole‐school health promotion: Results on implementation from the INCLUSIVE trial in English secondary schools
Education policy increasingly promotes action groups as a key strategy for student and/or staff participation in school improvement and whole‐school health promotion. Such groups can coordinate multi‐component interventions, increase participation and engagement, and enable local adaptations, but few process evaluations have assessed this. We evaluated fidelity, feasibility and acceptability of action groups as part of a trial of a whole‐school i…
Childhood risk factors for lifetime bulimic or compulsive eating by age 30 years in a British national birth cohort
Family and Peer Networks in Intimate and Sexual Relationships Amongst Teenagers in a Multicultural Area of East London
The Minister for Children has recently suggested on the basis of research evidence that parents need to talk more to their children about sex in order to encourage them to start sex later and improve contraceptive use, with a view to reducing teenage conceptions. We report here on a mixed-methods project funded by the Teenage Pregnancy Unit and the Department of Health which draws on accounts of young people aged 15-18 from diverse ethnic groups …
Melanie Klein and Anna Freud: The discourse of the early dispute
Divisions in the field of the psychoanalysis of children can be traced to a dispute over the infantile super-ego between the theorists Melanie Klein and Anna Freud beginning in 1927. These divisions are understood within the analytic world as the result of scientific disputation between alternative valid theories. An examination of the language, claims, and epistemology of Klein's and Freud's publications in 1927 that marked the public commenceme…
Abraham Jacobi and German Medical Radicalism in Antebellum New York
Bulletin of the History of Medicine - Volume 72, Number 3, Fall 1998
Putting Stress in Life: Hans Selye and the Making of Stress Theory
Hans Selye discovered Stress in 1935 as a syndrome occurring in laboratory rats. In the modern world, Stress has become a universal explanation for human behaviour in industrial society. Selye's discovery arose out of widespread interest in the stability of bodily systems in 1930s' physiology; however, his findings were rejected by physiologists until the 1970s. This analysis is framed in terms of Latour's actor-network theories, and traces the t…
Adult Health and Social Outcomes of Children Who Have Been in Public Care: Population-Based Study
Objective. To examine adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and health outcomes of being in public care in childhood. Methods. The 1970 British birth cohort was followed up at 5 (N = 13135), 10 (14875), 16 (11622), and 30 years (11261). Cases were defined as those ever in statutory or voluntary public care at 5, 10, and 16 years. Self-reported adult outcomes were occupation, educational achievement, general health, psychological morbidity, hi…
Adolescent development
In the care of adolescent patients, all aspects of clinical medicine are played out against a background of rapid physical, psychological, and social developmental changes. These changes produce specific disease patterns, unusual presentations of symptoms, and above all, unique communication and management challenges. This can make working with adolescents difficult. However, with the right skills, practising medicine with young people can be rew…
Ethnicity, Socio-economic Status, Overweight and Underweight in East London Adolescents
The 'epidemic' of childhood obesity observed in the UK involves adolescents from all ethnic groups, although there are some differences between ethnic groups in the prevalence of overweight. Indian males appear to be at increased risk of being overweight. There is no evidence of a simultaneous increase in underweight amongst this population overall, but Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani boys appear to be at increased risk of being underweight
Cultural identity, acculturation, and mental health among adolescents in east London’s multiethnic community
Study objective: To investigate cultural identity as a risk factor for mental health problems among adolescents. Design: A cross sectional school based population survey. Mental health problems were measured using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Pupils were classified into one of four cultural identity types on the basis of friendship and clothing choices. Setting: East London. Participants: 2623 adolescents (aged 11–14) from a repr…
Family and Peer Networks in Intimate and Sexual Relationships Amongst Teenagers in a Multicultural Area of East London
The Minister for Children has recently suggested on the basis of research evidence that parents need to talk more to their children about sex in order to encourage them to start sex later and improve contraceptive use, with a view to reducing teenage conceptions. We report here on a mixed-methods project funded by the Teenage Pregnancy Unit and the Department of Health which draws on accounts of young people aged 15-18 from diverse ethnic groups …
Pubertal transitions in health
People Make Assumptions About Our Communities’: Sexual Health Amongst Teenagers from Black and Minority Ethnic Backgrounds in East London
Our paper suggests culture, gender, religion and youth influence BME teenagers in aspects of sexual relationships, and that these social markers may have different contextual meanings for individuals. The multiplicity of factors affecting attitudes/behaviour requires a range of contraceptive, counselling, screening and sex education services available for all teenagers, although delivery patterns may differ in response to differing needs
Adult outcomes of binge drinking in adolescence: Findings from a UK national birth cohort
AIMS: The aim of the study was to determine outcomes in adult life of binge drinking in adolescence in a national birth cohort. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal birth cohort: 1970 British Birth Cohort Study surveys at 16 years (1986) and 30 years (2000). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 11 622 subjects participated at age 16 years and 11 261 subjects participated at age 30 years. MEASUREMENTS: At the age of 16 years, data on binge drinking (defined as tw…
Cultural identity, clothing and common mental disorder: A prospective school-based study of white British and Bangladeshi adolescents
Cultural identity, expressed by clothing preferences, influences mental health; the effects differ by gender and ethnic group
Global patterns of mortality in young people: A systematic analysis of population health data
Adolescence and the social determinants of health
Scoping the impact of the national child measurement programme feedback on the child obesity pathway: Study protocol
This study will provide the first large scale evaluation of the National Child Measurement Programme feedback. Findings from this evaluation will inform future planning of the National Child Measurement Programme
The benefits and harms of providing parents with weight feedback as part of the national child measurement programme: A prospective cohort study
In this population-based sample of parents of children participating in the National Child Measurement Programme, provision of weight feedback increased recognition of child overweight and encouraged some parents to seek help, without causing obvious unfavourable effects. The impact of weight feedback on behaviour change was limited; suggesting that further work is needed to identify ways to more effectively communicate health information to pare…
Income-related inequality in health and health-related behaviour: Exploring the equalisation hypothesis
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found the socioeconomic gradient in health among adolescents to be lower than that observed during childhood and adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine income-related inequalities in health and health-related behaviour across the lifespan in England to explore 'equalisation' in adolescence. METHODS: We used five years of data (2006-2010) from the Health Survey for England to explore inequalities in six i…
Life course epidemiology: Recognising the importance of adolescence
Life course epidemiology may be conceptualised as “the study of long term effects on later health or disease risk of physical or social exposures during gestation, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood and later adult life.”1 Adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood defined by the WHO as 10–19 years, has an uneasy status in epidemiology. On the one hand, adolescents, who now number over 1.2 billion worldwide—around 20% of the glo…
Intraclass correlation values for adolescent health outcomes in secondary schools in 21 European countries
For school level ICCs to be effectively utilised in informing sample size requirements for CRCTs and adjusting estimates from meta-analyses, the school level ICCs need to be both country and outcome specific
The health benefits of secondary education in adolescents and young adults: An international analysis in 186 low-, middle- and high-income countries from 1990 to 2013
The health benefits associated with secondary education were greater than those of primary education and were greatest amongst young women and those from low income countries. Secondary education has the potential to be a social vaccine across many outcomes in low and middle income countries
The correlates and course of multiple health risk behaviour in adolescence
Our findings reaffirm the links between health risk behaviours, but these diminish throughout adolescence with multiple risk behaviour usually initiated in mid-adolescence. Multiple risk behaviour is initiated in early or mid adolescence with a number of common risk factors explaining the co-occurrence of risk behaviours
A new measure of unhealthy school environments and its implications for critical assessments of health promotion in schools
The theory of human functioning and school organisation informed by Basil Bernstein’s sociology of education suggests that to gain the commitment and promote the health of students, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds, schools require radical transformations eroding various ‘boundaries’: between and among staff and students; between students’ academic learning and broader social development and welfare; and between schools and their…
Systematic review of reviews of observational studies of school-level effects on sexual health, violence and substance use
Childhood risk factors for lifetime bulimic or compulsive eating by age 30 years in a British national birth cohort
Trends and socioeconomic disparities in preadolescent's health in the UK: Evidence from two birth cohorts 32 years apart
BACKGROUND: Compared to children and adults, little is known about changes in adolescent health over time. This study profiles the health of preadolescents in two distinct time periods, 1980 and 2012. METHODS: Secondary analysis of the British Cohort Study and the Millennium Cohort Study for preadolescents mostly aged between 10 and 11.5 years (range 9.75-13 years). The prevalence/average of, and socioeconomic gradients in, the following were com…
Medicine (41 works) · Psychology (29 works) · Demography (22 works) · Environmental health (20 works) · Population (20 works) · Developmental psychology (17 works) · Psychiatry (17 works) · Public health (13 works) · Sociology (12 works) · Gerontology (11 works)