Steven L Gortmaker
Biographic Data
| ID | 307864 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Steven L Gortmaker |
| GIVEN NAMES | Steven L |
| FAMILY NAME | Gortmaker |
| SIGNATURE | GORTMAKER S L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4904-9377 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 71 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 515 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 71 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Comparing shopper characteristics by online grocery ordering use among households in low-income communities in Maine
Objective: Online grocery shopping could improve access to healthy food, but it may not be equally accessible to all populations – especially those at higher risk for food insecurity. The current study aimed to compare the socio-demographic characteristics of families who ordered groceries online v . those who only shopped in-store. Design: We analysed enrollment survey and 44 weeks of individually linked grocery transaction data. We used univari…
Projected U.S. State-Level Prevalence of Adult Obesity and Severe Obesity
BACKGROUND: Although the national obesity epidemic has been well documented, less is known about obesity at the U.S. state level. Current estimates are based on body measures reported by persons themselves that underestimate the prevalence of obesity, especially severe obesity. METHODS: We developed methods to correct for self-reporting bias and to estimate state-specific and demographic subgroup-specific trends and projections of the prevalence …
Integrating children’s physical activity enjoyment into public health dialogue (United States)
Physical activity engagement during childhood is associated with positive health outcomes in adulthood. Exercise and sport science research links physical activity enjoyment with physical activity adoption and maintenance, among other positive health behaviors. However, public health researchers rarely measure enjoyment or discuss its role in interventions or theory. In this paper, we present the rationale for bringing enjoyment to the forefront …
Providing Students with Adequate School Drinking Water Access in an Era of Aging Infrastructure
Ensuring students' access to safe drinking water at school is essential. However, many schools struggle with aging infrastructure and subsequent water safety problems and have turned to bottled water delivery systems. Little is known about whether such systems are feasible and effective in providing adequate student water access. This study was a mixed-methods investigation among six schools in an urban district in the U.S. with two types of wate…
Assessing the effectiveness of training models for national scale-up of an evidence-based nutrition and physical activity intervention
Although this study does not report the results of a health care intervention on human subjects, it is a randomized trial and was therefore retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on July 4, 2019 in accordance with the BMC guidelines to ensure the complete publication of all results (NCT04009304)
Source of bias in sugar-sweetened beverage research
Objective Financial conflicts of interest involving the food industry have been reported to bias nutrition studies. However, some have hypothesized that independently funded studies may be biased if the authors have strong a priori beliefs about the healthfulness of a food product (‘white hat bias’). The extent to which each source of bias may affect the scientific literature has not been examined. We aimed to explore this question with research …
Simulation of Growth Trajectories of Childhood Obesity into Adulthood
BACKGROUND: Although the current obesity epidemic has been well documented in children and adults, less is known about long-term risks of adult obesity for a given child at his or her present age and weight. We developed a simulation model to estimate the risk of adult obesity at the age of 35 years for the current population of children in the United States. METHODS: We pooled height and weight data from five nationally representative longitudin…
A Community-Level Sodium Reduction Intervention, Boston, 2013–2015
Objectives. To evaluate a community-level sodium-reduction intervention in Boston, Massachusetts. Reducing sodium in the food offerings of community settings may help reduce hypertension disparities. Methods. We examined changes in the proportion of prepackaged foods with greater than 200 milligrams of sodium in 7 hospitals, 8 YMCAs, 4 community health centers, and 2 organizations serving homeless populations. Research assistants documented prepa…
Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Hydration Status Among US Adults and the Role of Tap Water and Other Beverage Intake
Objectives. To evaluate whether differences in tap water and other beverage intake explain differences in inadequate hydration among US adults by race/ethnicity and income. Methods. We estimated the prevalence of inadequate hydration (urine osmolality ≥ 800 mOsm/kg) by race/ethnicity and income of 8258 participants aged 20 to 74 years in the 2009 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multivariable regression models, we e…
Media Competition Implementation for the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study (MA-Cord)
The Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study (MA-CORD) was a multi-level, multi-sector community intervention with a media competition component to provide an overarching synergy and promote awareness of target behaviors to reduce childhood obesity. Students participating in the media competition were tasked with developing videos, song/rap lyrics, and artwork that reflected the goals. The aim of this study is to document the …
A Cascade of Champions
A media competition was part of the Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (MA-CORD) Study. Criss et al., previously outlined the development and implementation of the competition, including variation in reach and adoption of the intervention across schools and afterschool programs. In this qualitative study, we examine community, provider, and organizational factors that explain the variation of media competition reach in school …
Child and adolescent obesity
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Impact of Restaurant Menu Calorie Labeling
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the relationship between menu calorie labeling and calories ordered or purchased in the PubMed, Web of Science, PolicyFile, and PAIS International databases through October 2013. Among 19 studies, menu calorie labeling was associated with a −18.13 kilocalorie reduction ordered per meal with significant heterogeneity across studies (95% confidence interval = −33.56, −2.70; P = .021; I 2…
Kenney et al. Respond
AffiliationsErica L. Kenney, Angie L. Cradock, and Steven L. Gortmaker are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Michael W. Long is with the Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
Prevalence of Inadequate Hydration Among US Children and Disparities by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
Objectives. We evaluated the hydration status of US children and adolescents. Methods. The sample included 4134 participants aged 6 to 19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2012. We calculated mean urine osmolality and the proportion with inadequate hydration (urine osmolality > 800 mOsm/kg). We calculated multivariable regression models to estimate the associations between demographic factors, beverage int…
Grab a Cup, Fill It Up! An Intervention to Promote the Convenience of Drinking Water and Increase Student Water Consumption During School Lunch
Objectives. We evaluated a low-cost strategy for schools to improve the convenience and appeal of drinking water. Methods. We conducted a group-randomized, controlled trial in 10 Boston, Massachusetts, schools in April through June 2013 to test a cafeteria-based intervention. Signage promoting water and disposable cups were installed near water sources. Mixed linear regression models adjusting for clustering evaluated the intervention impact on a…
Changes in Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index in the Us Cardia Cohort
Prior studies examining the association between self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and obesity have had mixed results and primarily been cross-sectional. This study tests the hypothesis that an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination predicts gains in waist circumference and body mass index in Black and White women and men over eight years. In race/ethnicity- and gender-stratified models, this …
Identifying whole grain foods
Objective Eating whole grains (WG) is recommended for health, but multiple conflicting definitions exist for identifying whole grain (WG) products, limiting the ability of consumers and organizations to select such products. We investigated how five recommended WG criteria relate to healthfulness and price of grain products. Design We categorized grain products by different WG criteria including: the industry-sponsored Whole Grain stamp (WG-Stamp…
Perceived and actual obesity in childhood and adolescence and risk of adult depression
BACKGROUND: Obesity in childhood and adolescence has important health consequences, but its relation to risk of adult depression remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of perceived and actual obesity during childhood and adolescence on prevalence and incidence of adult depression risk. METHODS: Cohort study of 91,798 female registered nurses followed longitudinally for 12 years. RESULTS: As compared with lean women of the same age, w…
A Randomized Trial of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Adolescent Body Weight
BACKGROUND: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may cause excessive weight gain. We aimed to assess the effect on weight gain of an intervention that included the provision of noncaloric beverages at home for overweight and obese adolescents. METHODS: We randomly assigned 224 overweight and obese adolescents who regularly consumed sugar-sweetened beverages to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a 1-year intervent…
Racial/ethnic and gender differences in the association between self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and inflammation in the Cardia cohort of 4 US communities
Changing the future of obesity
Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight
Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK
The global obesity pandemic
Measuring Sexual Relationship Power in HIV/STD Research
US state- and county-level social capital in relation to obesity and physical inactivity
Poverty and Infant Mortality in the United States
This paper examines the theoretical and empirical relationship of income poverty to infant mortality differentials in the comtemporary United States. Using national data gathered in 1964-65, this study estimates the relative impact of a variety of biological, social, and economic factors upon the risk of infant death. Methods for the analysis of multidimensional contingency tables permit the combination of birth and death data, and coefficient es…
The First Injustice
Infant mortality has long been viewed as a synoptic indicator of the health and social condition of a population. In this article we examine critically the structure of this reflective capacity with a particular emphasis on how new health care technologies may have altered traditional pathways of social influence. The infant mortality rate is a composite of a series of component rates, each with its own relationship to social factors. Advances in…
Neighborhood social cohesion and youth participation in physical activity in Chicago
The effects of prenatal care upon the health of the newborn
Data upon all births and infant deaths in New York City in 1968 are analyzed using methods for the analysis of multidimensional contingency tables. These methods provide estimates of the effect of variations in prenatal care upon the relative risks of low birth weight and neonatal and postneonatal mortality, controlling for a wide variety of factors which tend to "select" women into a program of prenatal care. Significant relationships between la…
Racial/ethnic and gender differences in the association between self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and inflammation in the Cardia cohort of 4 US communities
Clustering of Fast-Food Restaurants Around Schools
Objectives. We examined the concentration of fast food restaurants in areas proximal to schools to characterize school neighborhood food environments. Methods. We used geocoded databases of restaurant and school addresses to examine locational patterns of fast‐food restaurants and kindergartens and primary and secondary schools in Chicago. We used the bivariate K function statistical method to quantify the degree of clustering (spatial dependence…
Stress and the Utilization of Health Services
Steven L. Gortmaker, John Eckenrode, Susan Gore, Stress and the Utilization of Health Services: A Time Series and Cross-Sectional Analysis, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 23, No. 1 (Mar., 1982), pp. 25-38
Activity level and risk of overweight in male health professionals
OBJECTIVES. This study undertook to examine relationships between nonsedentary activity level, time spent watching television (TV)/videocassette recorder (VCR), and risk of overweight among men. METHODS. Men participating in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study were mailed surveys. Cross-sectional analyses examined the prevalence and odds of being overweight, prospective analyses determined cumulative incidence rates and relative risks of bec…
The Impact of Television Viewing on Mental Aptitude and Achievement
Journal Article THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION VIEWING ON MENTAL APTITUDE AND ACHIEVEMENT: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY Get access STEVEN L. GORTMAKER, STEVEN L. GORTMAKER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CHARLES A. SALTER, CHARLES A. SALTER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DEBORAH K. WALKER, DEBORAH K. WALKER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar…
Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Hydration Status Among US Adults and the Role of Tap Water and Other Beverage Intake
Objectives. To evaluate whether differences in tap water and other beverage intake explain differences in inadequate hydration among US adults by race/ethnicity and income. Methods. We estimated the prevalence of inadequate hydration (urine osmolality ≥ 800 mOsm/kg) by race/ethnicity and income of 8258 participants aged 20 to 74 years in the 2009 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multivariable regression models, we e…
Prevalence of Inadequate Hydration Among US Children and Disparities by Gender and Race/Ethnicity
Objectives. We evaluated the hydration status of US children and adolescents. Methods. The sample included 4134 participants aged 6 to 19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2012. We calculated mean urine osmolality and the proportion with inadequate hydration (urine osmolality > 800 mOsm/kg). We calculated multivariable regression models to estimate the associations between demographic factors, beverage int…
Extrarelational Sex Among Mexican Men and Their Partners' Risk of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Objectives. This study explored the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among married and cohabiting women in Mexico City, Mexico, derived from their partners' sexual behaviors. Methods. Results were derived from the first population-based household survey in Mexico that investigated male sexual behavior. Analyses were restricted to sexually active married or cohabiting men (n = 3990). Results. Fifteen percent of the men re…
Prevalence of same‐gender sexual behavior and HIV in a probability household survey in Mexican men
The prevalence of male same‐gender sexual behavior in Mexico City in relation to HIV transmission was studied. A household probability survey of 8,068 adult men was conducted in 1992–93 using the Mexican National Health Survey sampling frame. The response rate was 59%. Differences between respondents and nonrespondents indicated no evidence for significant bias. A random subsample of 1,116 individuals provided serum or saliva for HIV testing. An …
Child overweight and undernutrition in Thailand
Grab a Cup, Fill It Up! An Intervention to Promote the Convenience of Drinking Water and Increase Student Water Consumption During School Lunch
Objectives. We evaluated a low-cost strategy for schools to improve the convenience and appeal of drinking water. Methods. We conducted a group-randomized, controlled trial in 10 Boston, Massachusetts, schools in April through June 2013 to test a cafeteria-based intervention. Signage promoting water and disposable cups were installed near water sources. Mixed linear regression models adjusting for clustering evaluated the intervention impact on a…
Effect of government and commercial warnings on reducing prescription misuse
We analyzed trends in prescribing and overdose deaths related to propoxyphene (e.g., Darvon) before and after a 1978-80 informational campaign carried out by the US Food and Drug Administration and the drug's manufacturer through mailed warnings, face-to-face education of prescribers, press releases, and labeling changes. The goals included a reduction in propoxyphene use with alcohol or other CNS depressants, reduced prescribing of refills, and …
Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Parenting Responsibility, and Women’s Smoking in the United States
Objectives. We carried out analyses of smoking in relation to poverty and child care responsibility among women aged 18–54 years residing in the United States. Methods. With data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we assessed the interaction effects of poverty and living with young children on maternal smoking behavior among 61 700 women aged 18–54 years in 4 different racial/ethnic groups. Results. For non-White racial/ethnic g…
An Unexpected Success Story
We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY; 1987) to examine the relationship between having a chronic physical health condition during youth (ages 14 to 21), and the subsequent transition to adulthood among a nationally representative sample (10,485), followed from 1979 to 1986. We controlled for theoretically important baseline characteristics of the youths and their families in multivariate regression models examining ed…
Perceived and actual obesity in childhood and adolescence and risk of adult depression
BACKGROUND: Obesity in childhood and adolescence has important health consequences, but its relation to risk of adult depression remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of perceived and actual obesity during childhood and adolescence on prevalence and incidence of adult depression risk. METHODS: Cohort study of 91,798 female registered nurses followed longitudinally for 12 years. RESULTS: As compared with lean women of the same age, w…
Impact of an Organizational Intervention Designed to Improve Snack and Beverage Quality in Ymca After-School Programs
Objectives. We evaluated the quality of snacks and beverages served at YMCA after-school programs before and after the programs' participation in a YMCA Learning Collaborative. Methods. We collected data on the types and brands of snacks and beverages (including fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, foods with trans fats, water, and sugar-sweetened beverages) served daily during 3 different time periods spanning 14 months in total, and the c…
Determinants of safer‐sex behaviors of brothel female commercial sex workers in Jakarta, Indonesia
A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Kramat Tunggak, an official brothel complex in Northern Jakarta. The objectives were to investigate factors that influence the female commercial sex workers' consistent practice of condom use. These factors were classified into personal behaviors and external factors, such as government programs and the brothel managers' and the clients' attitudes towards condom use. After controlling for sociodemographic…
State variations in supplemental security income enrollment for children and adolescents
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of poverty, program generosity, and health on state variations in enrollment of children and adolescents in the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program during recent program expansions. METHODS: The relationship of state SSI rates for 1989 and 1992 to child poverty, health, and program generosity were determined by multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean percentage of children e…
Applied Logistic Regression
The effects of prenatal care upon the health of the newborn
Data upon all births and infant deaths in New York City in 1968 are analyzed using methods for the analysis of multidimensional contingency tables. These methods provide estimates of the effect of variations in prenatal care upon the relative risks of low birth weight and neonatal and postneonatal mortality, controlling for a wide variety of factors which tend to "select" women into a program of prenatal care. Significant relationships between la…
Poverty and Infant Mortality in the United States
This paper examines the theoretical and empirical relationship of income poverty to infant mortality differentials in the comtemporary United States. Using national data gathered in 1964-65, this study estimates the relative impact of a variety of biological, social, and economic factors upon the risk of infant death. Methods for the analysis of multidimensional contingency tables permit the combination of birth and death data, and coefficient es…
Medicaid and the Health Care of Children in Poverty and Near Poverty
Recent trends in access to and utilization of health services by children living in poverty, near poverty, and higher income households in the Flint, Michigan, metropolitan area are examined. During the period under study (1973-1977), there were substantial increases in the percentage of poor children enrolled in Medicaid. By 1977, however, 15 per cent of children in poverty in the city of Flint were still not enrolled; in suburban areas, this es…
Some Useful Applications of Logistic Models
The Estimation of Two-Sample Logistic Regressions
Stress and the Utilization of Health Services
Steven L. Gortmaker, John Eckenrode, Susan Gore, Stress and the Utilization of Health Services: A Time Series and Cross-Sectional Analysis, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 23, No. 1 (Mar., 1982), pp. 25-38
Use of Health Services by Chronically Ill and Disabled Children
Hospitalization and use of outpatient health care services during a 1-year period by 369 pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia, or multiple physical handicaps and 456 randomly selected children without congenital conditions from the Cleveland area were examined. Use of hospitalization and outpatient services by the average chronically ill or disabled child was 10 times that of the average comparison child. Physic…
Do We Fatten Our Children at the Television Set? Obesity and Television Viewing in Children and Adolescents
The association of television viewing and obesity in data collected during cycles II and III of the National Health Examination Survey was examined. Cycle II examined 6,965 children aged 6 to 11 years and cycle III examined 6,671 children aged 12 to 17 years. Included in the cycle III sample were 2,153 subjects previously studied during cycle II. These surveys, therefore, provided two cross-sectional samples and one prospective sample. In all thr…
How Many Ways are There to Parameterize the Social World
Effect of government and commercial warnings on reducing prescription misuse
We analyzed trends in prescribing and overdose deaths related to propoxyphene (e.g., Darvon) before and after a 1978-80 informational campaign carried out by the US Food and Drug Administration and the drug's manufacturer through mailed warnings, face-to-face education of prescribers, press releases, and labeling changes. The goals included a reduction in propoxyphene use with alcohol or other CNS depressants, reduced prescribing of refills, and …
A Successful Experiment to Reduce Unnecessary Laboratory Use in a Community Hospital
A series of interventions at a 228-bed general hospital provided physicians with feedback at regular intervals concerning the amount of laboratory services employed in treating their patients. Case-mix-adjusted estimates of laboratory tests allowed each physician to compare use of laboratory tests with that of peers in the same department at the same hospital. Physicians with "excess" practice patterns ordered hundreds more laboratory tests than …
The Impact of Television Viewing on Mental Aptitude and Achievement
Journal Article THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION VIEWING ON MENTAL APTITUDE AND ACHIEVEMENT: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY Get access STEVEN L. GORTMAKER, STEVEN L. GORTMAKER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CHARLES A. SALTER, CHARLES A. SALTER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DEBORAH K. WALKER, DEBORAH K. WALKER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar…
Social and Economic Consequences of Overweight in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Overweight in adolescents may have deleterious effects on their subsequent self-esteem, social and economic characteristics, and physical health. We studied the relation between overweight and subsequent educational attainment, marital status, household income, and self-esteem in a nationally representative sample of 10,039 randomly selected young people who were 16 to 24 years old in 1981. Follow-up data were obtained in …
An Unexpected Success Story
We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY; 1987) to examine the relationship between having a chronic physical health condition during youth (ages 14 to 21), and the subsequent transition to adulthood among a nationally representative sample (10,485), followed from 1979 to 1986. We controlled for theoretically important baseline characteristics of the youths and their families in multivariate regression models examining ed…
Applied Logistic Regression
Television Viewing as a Cause of Increasing Obesity Among Children in the United States, 1986-1990
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has increased, and television viewing has been suggested as a cause. We examined the relation between hours of television viewed and the prevalence of overweight in 1990, and the incidence and remission of overweight from 1986 to 1990 in a nationally representative cohort of 746 youths aged 10 to 15 years in 1990 whose mothers were 25 to 32 years old. Overweight was …
Activity level and risk of overweight in male health professionals
OBJECTIVES. This study undertook to examine relationships between nonsedentary activity level, time spent watching television (TV)/videocassette recorder (VCR), and risk of overweight among men. METHODS. Men participating in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study were mailed surveys. Cross-sectional analyses examined the prevalence and odds of being overweight, prospective analyses determined cumulative incidence rates and relative risks of bec…
The First Injustice
Infant mortality has long been viewed as a synoptic indicator of the health and social condition of a population. In this article we examine critically the structure of this reflective capacity with a particular emphasis on how new health care technologies may have altered traditional pathways of social influence. The infant mortality rate is a composite of a series of component rates, each with its own relationship to social factors. Advances in…
A method for estimating solid organ donor potential by organ procurement region
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to develop a methodology for estimating potential solid organ donors and measuring donation performance in a geographic region based on readily available data on the hospitals in that region. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed in a stratified random sample of 89 hospitals from 3 regions to attain a baseline of donor potential. Data on a range of hospital characteristics were collected and tested as predictors of …
State variations in supplemental security income enrollment for children and adolescents
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of poverty, program generosity, and health on state variations in enrollment of children and adolescents in the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program during recent program expansions. METHODS: The relationship of state SSI rates for 1989 and 1992 to child poverty, health, and program generosity were determined by multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean percentage of children e…
Reducing Obesity via a School-Based Interdisciplinary Intervention Among Youth
Intervention: Students participated in a school-based interdisciplinary intervention over 2 school years. Planet Health sessions were included within existing curricula using classroom teachers in 4 major subjects and physical education. Sessions focused on decreasing television viewing, decreasing consumption of high-fat foods, increasing fruit and vegetable intake, and increasing moderate and vigorous physical activity.
Determinants of safer‐sex behaviors of brothel female commercial sex workers in Jakarta, Indonesia
A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Kramat Tunggak, an official brothel complex in Northern Jakarta. The objectives were to investigate factors that influence the female commercial sex workers' consistent practice of condom use. These factors were classified into personal behaviors and external factors, such as government programs and the brothel managers' and the clients' attitudes towards condom use. After controlling for sociodemographic…
Measuring Sexual Relationship Power in HIV/STD Research
Prevalence of same‐gender sexual behavior and HIV in a probability household survey in Mexican men
The prevalence of male same‐gender sexual behavior in Mexico City in relation to HIV transmission was studied. A household probability survey of 8,068 adult men was conducted in 1992–93 using the Mexican National Health Survey sampling frame. The response rate was 59%. Differences between respondents and nonrespondents indicated no evidence for significant bias. A random subsample of 1,116 individuals provided serum or saliva for HIV testing. An …
Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity
Medicine (58 works) · Environmental health (41 works) · Demography (35 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (29 works) · Population (29 works) · Obesity (23 works) · Psychology (23 works) · Gerontology (17 works) · Overweight (16 works) · Sociology (13 works)