Andra Siibak
Biographic Data
| ID | 315813 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Andra Siibak |
| GIVEN NAMES | Andra |
| FAMILY NAME | Siibak |
| SIGNATURE | SIIBAK A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Tartu |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4370-780X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 36 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 25 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Between control and adaptation
Schools from different cultural contexts have recently started to regulate the use of digital technologies, like generative AI applications; as well as ban the use of smart phones, during a school day. This article examines how K-12 schools in Estonia, one of the most digitalised societies in the world, approach these issues in their internal guidelines. Using quantitative document analysis of publicly accessible internal guidelines from 475 scho…
Exploring subjective understandings among vaccine-hesitant individuals
Declining vaccination rates and the overall rise in vaccine hesitancy have become significant health threats globally. Given the complexity of vaccine hesitancy, it is crucial to study the subjective beliefs and viewpoints of vaccine-hesitant individuals. Q methodology study was carried out with Estonians ( N = 29) holding a range of vaccine-hesitant views, from strong anti-vaccine sentiments to expressing doubts about vaccines, to explore their …
What a Human-Centred Approach Reveals About Disinformation Policies
The Baltic countries’ responses to disinformation are widely recognized for their effectiveness in balancing “hard” and “soft” approaches while upholding democratic values (Bleyer-Simon et al., 2024). This article argues for additional efforts and more focused approaches to sustain societal resilience amid increasing geopolitical uncertainties and national political and economic risks, resulting in challenges of a more “epistemic character,” such…
Every move you make
A moment of turbulence
The rapid adoption of digital technologies during COVID-19 lockdowns offers a unique perspective on differences in privacy cultures. In this study, we compare how cultural predisposition and identities relate to privacy during the transition to remote learning in higher education in Estonia, France, and Israel. We conducted 83 in-depth interviews with academics, who talked about their adoption of communication technologies and strategies for mana…
Une mesure proportionnée face à la menace du Covid‐19? Le recours aux applications et autres outils de surveillance des salariés au regard des règles relatives à la protection des données de l'Union e…
Les autrices s'intéressent aux outils de suivi des contacts et autres dispositifs de surveillance utilisés par les employeurs pendant la pandémie. Elles se demandent s'ils sont bien compatibles avec les dispositions du Règlement général sur la protection des données de l'Union européenne. Rappelant que la relation de travail est par nature déséquilibrée, elles estiment que les législations nationales devraient mieux protéger le droit des salariés…
“My mom just wants to know where I am”
Inspired by the communication privacy management theory the aim of our study was to explore pre-teens’ viewpoints and experiences related to their parents’ usage of child-tracking technologies. Relying on Q methodology and semi-structured individual interviews with 8- to 13-year-old Estonian pre-teens (n = 20) who were aware of parental tracking, we will present perspectives for understanding children’s viewpoints on intimate surveillance. Three …
Tracing the Innovation – Decision Process for Adopting Microchip Implants
Relying on the diffusion of innovations theory by Everett Rogers (1962 [2003]), the current paper traces the five steps of the innovation-decision process for adopting microchip implants in a workplace. Semi-structured individual interviews with microchipped employees (n=14) from six different organisations in Estonia were carried out to explore their opinions and experiences with adopting the use of microchip implants in their workplaces. Our an…
Privacy, Covid-19 and Online Teaching
The COVID-19 crisis is a potential watershed moment for privacy with profound long-term effects on the organization and practices of work, education, and civic engagement. In this study we focus on the profound re-negotiation of mediated personal boundaries in times of mass lockdowns and social distancing. To understand how these new social conditions might be playing out in the field of privacy, we interviewed 90 faculty in higher education in E…
Mazephishing
The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic witnessed a surge of social engineering attacks. Although the pandemic is certainly not the first occurrence of socially disruptive circumstances that drive cybercrime, relevant academic scholarship has remained scarce. To fill this gap in literature and propose the analytical framework of mazephishing that places particular emphasis on the importance of credible social context in the online scam ecosyste…
Communication-related vulnerability to disasters
The concept of social vulnerability has been increasingly applied in disaster literature, but its communicative drivers have remained understudied. In this article, we put forward a heuristic framework for explaining how communication-related factors may adversely affect people's capacity to prepare for and respond to disasters. This will help researchers, policy makers, and practitioners in the field of disasters and crises to systematically ide…
“You Either Love It Immediately, or You Hate It” Reflections and Experiences of Estonian Employees With Microchip Implants
Although employers around the world (e.g. USA, Mexico, Sweden, Belgium, Estonia) have started to implant employees with microchips (Esfola, 2018; Petersen 2019), there is still not enough empirical insights about the opportunities and risks microchipped employees associate with the technology. Semi-structured individual interviews with microchipped employees (n=14) from six different organizations in Estonia were carried out in autumn 2019 so as …
Mapping Children’s Life-Worlds
What children count as their favourite things tell us not only about children but also about their social and cultural experiences. This study,* based on the outcomes of a children’s drawing competition organised by the Estonian National Museum and applying a combined framework of visual sociology and participa-tory research, proposes an innovative angle to using the museum’s experimental approach to contemporary collecting of cultural heritage. …
Digipõlvkonnast sotsiaalmeedia põlvkonnaks. Põlvkondlikku enesemääratlust kujundavad trendid Eesti noorte internetikasutuses / From the digital generation to the social media generation
Meediakasutust puudutavad isiksuseomadused on kujunenud olulisteks põlvkondliku enesemääratluse ja identiteedi osisteks. Artiklis tutvustatakse meediapõlvkondade kultuurilisest käsitlusest lähtuvat lähenemist, mis näeb tänapäeva lapsi ja noori sotsiaalmeedia põlvkonnana. Mitmete empiiriliste uuringute tulemustele tuginevalt antakse artiklis ülevaade peamistest Eesti noortele omastest internetikasutuse harjumustest ja internetitegevustest. Millise…
The dark sides of sharenting
Preview this article: The dark sides of sharenting, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/cjcs/11/1/cjcs.11.1.115_1-1.gif
Take it down
Semi-structured individual interviews with 14 Estonian mothers and their children (aged 9-13 years) pairs who had 'friended' each other on Facebook were carried out to study pre-teens' and parents' reflections and experiences regarding information disclosures and sharenting on Facebook. We wanted to know what kind of information mothers shared about their children on Facebook and how the children perceived and reacted to such posts. Our findings …
Relationships between teachers` pedagogical beliefs, subject cultures, and mediation practices of students' use of digital technology
Drawing on the data from 26 interviews with different subject teachers in two countries, Estonia and Latvia, this study aimed to reveal how pedagogical beliefs and subject cultures shape the ways primary and secondary school teachers mediate students` use of digital technology. Teachers are acknowledged to be important socializing agents, affecting young people`s experiences with digital technology, but it is still unclear how the mediation pract…
From Stripping Off to Holding Your Guns
This short essay will try to capture some of the lessons social media users have come to learn during the existence of social media era. I will highlight the need to take responsibility of the posts one makes and shares on social media and thus emphasize the importance of one's critical thinking and digital literacy skills
Performing for one’s imagined audience
The aim of the paper is to analyse the perceptions Estonian 13-16-year-olds have about privacy and imagined audience on SNS, blogs and Instant Messenger. Semi-structured interviews (N = 15) were carried out to explore the various privacy strategies teens implement in order to manage their extended audience. The findings indicate that the majority of the teens in the sample had misperceptions about the size of their online audience. Furthermore, m…
The imagined audience on Facebook
This paper analyses Estonian high–school students (N=15) perceptions about the imagined audience on Facebook. Students’ sketches (N=39) and reflections on focus group interviews indicate that the youth are well aware of the plurality of the imagined audience on Facebook. From the total of six prevalent user types and sub–types that emerged, just one user type could be considered representative of an ideal audience on Facebook in the eyes of youth
Writing Identity
Tweens (10–14-year-olds) in Estonia and Sweden were interviewed about their experience and understanding of gender construction on social networking sites (SNS). The interviews indicate that peer culture is the most important dimension and a source of inspiration for the young when writing their identity online. Gendered norms and values are prominent in these activities, especially in the manipulated images being produced by the tweens. The latt…
Constructing masculinity on a social networking site
Social networking website (SNS) Rate is the most popular online environment for young Estonians, which has more than 290000 active users. The study aims to examine visual self-presentations of young men ( N = 108) in Rate. Quantitative content analysis methodology was used to analyze 599 profile images of young men belonging to a community ‘Damn I’m Beautiful!’. The results indicate that media representations of men are often taken as role-models…
Online Content Creation Practices Of Estonian School children In A Comparative Perspective
This article analyses practices of online content creation, with a focus on blogging and personal homepages, among Estonian schoolchildren in the comparative context of Europe. The MEDIAPPRO survey of 11–18 year-old pupils, carried out in eight European countries (including Estonia) in Autumn 2005, various sources from the EU Kids Online Data Repository and the data of a questionnaire survey of 11–18 year-old pupils, carried out in comprehensive …
Mapping the Terrain of “Generation C”
This article focuses on practices of online content creation among young Internet users in Estonia. The data are derived from a questionnaire survey carried out in schools in 3 cities in autumn 2007 (N = 713) among 11- to 18-year-old students. Our findings suggest that content creation practices in more structured online environments such as social networking sites, forums and news portals are much more widespread than practices in less structure…
Making Sense of the Virtual World for Young Children
The study provides an overview of teacher perceptions regarding young children’s internet use and media education in pre-schools. Two focus-group interviews with 24 Estonian pre-school teachers were carried out in order to analyze their experiences and opinions about factors that influence pre-school children’s computer and Internet use. Pre-school teachers’ perceptions about their own role in shaping children’s media literacy were also examined.…
Constructing masculinity on a social networking site
Social networking website (SNS) Rate is the most popular online environment for young Estonians, which has more than 290000 active users. The study aims to examine visual self-presentations of young men ( N = 108) in Rate. Quantitative content analysis methodology was used to analyze 599 profile images of young men belonging to a community ‘Damn I’m Beautiful!’. The results indicate that media representations of men are often taken as role-models…
The dark sides of sharenting
Preview this article: The dark sides of sharenting, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/cjcs/11/1/cjcs.11.1.115_1-1.gif
Take it down
Semi-structured individual interviews with 14 Estonian mothers and their children (aged 9-13 years) pairs who had 'friended' each other on Facebook were carried out to study pre-teens' and parents' reflections and experiences regarding information disclosures and sharenting on Facebook. We wanted to know what kind of information mothers shared about their children on Facebook and how the children perceived and reacted to such posts. Our findings …
Mapping the Terrain of “Generation C”
This article focuses on practices of online content creation among young Internet users in Estonia. The data are derived from a questionnaire survey carried out in schools in 3 cities in autumn 2007 (N = 713) among 11- to 18-year-old students. Our findings suggest that content creation practices in more structured online environments such as social networking sites, forums and news portals are much more widespread than practices in less structure…
Making Sense of the Virtual World for Young Children
The study provides an overview of teacher perceptions regarding young children’s internet use and media education in pre-schools. Two focus-group interviews with 24 Estonian pre-school teachers were carried out in order to analyze their experiences and opinions about factors that influence pre-school children’s computer and Internet use. Pre-school teachers’ perceptions about their own role in shaping children’s media literacy were also examined.…
Online Content Creation Practices Of Estonian School children In A Comparative Perspective
This article analyses practices of online content creation, with a focus on blogging and personal homepages, among Estonian schoolchildren in the comparative context of Europe. The MEDIAPPRO survey of 11–18 year-old pupils, carried out in eight European countries (including Estonia) in Autumn 2005, various sources from the EU Kids Online Data Repository and the data of a questionnaire survey of 11–18 year-old pupils, carried out in comprehensive …
Mapping the Terrain of “Generation C”
This article focuses on practices of online content creation among young Internet users in Estonia. The data are derived from a questionnaire survey carried out in schools in 3 cities in autumn 2007 (N = 713) among 11- to 18-year-old students. Our findings suggest that content creation practices in more structured online environments such as social networking sites, forums and news portals are much more widespread than practices in less structure…
Constructing masculinity on a social networking site
Social networking website (SNS) Rate is the most popular online environment for young Estonians, which has more than 290000 active users. The study aims to examine visual self-presentations of young men ( N = 108) in Rate. Quantitative content analysis methodology was used to analyze 599 profile images of young men belonging to a community ‘Damn I’m Beautiful!’. The results indicate that media representations of men are often taken as role-models…
Writing Identity
Tweens (10–14-year-olds) in Estonia and Sweden were interviewed about their experience and understanding of gender construction on social networking sites (SNS). The interviews indicate that peer culture is the most important dimension and a source of inspiration for the young when writing their identity online. Gendered norms and values are prominent in these activities, especially in the manipulated images being produced by the tweens. The latt…
The imagined audience on Facebook
This paper analyses Estonian high–school students (N=15) perceptions about the imagined audience on Facebook. Students’ sketches (N=39) and reflections on focus group interviews indicate that the youth are well aware of the plurality of the imagined audience on Facebook. From the total of six prevalent user types and sub–types that emerged, just one user type could be considered representative of an ideal audience on Facebook in the eyes of youth
Performing for one’s imagined audience
The aim of the paper is to analyse the perceptions Estonian 13-16-year-olds have about privacy and imagined audience on SNS, blogs and Instant Messenger. Semi-structured interviews (N = 15) were carried out to explore the various privacy strategies teens implement in order to manage their extended audience. The findings indicate that the majority of the teens in the sample had misperceptions about the size of their online audience. Furthermore, m…
Relationships between teachers` pedagogical beliefs, subject cultures, and mediation practices of students' use of digital technology
Drawing on the data from 26 interviews with different subject teachers in two countries, Estonia and Latvia, this study aimed to reveal how pedagogical beliefs and subject cultures shape the ways primary and secondary school teachers mediate students` use of digital technology. Teachers are acknowledged to be important socializing agents, affecting young people`s experiences with digital technology, but it is still unclear how the mediation pract…
From Stripping Off to Holding Your Guns
This short essay will try to capture some of the lessons social media users have come to learn during the existence of social media era. I will highlight the need to take responsibility of the posts one makes and shares on social media and thus emphasize the importance of one's critical thinking and digital literacy skills
The dark sides of sharenting
Preview this article: The dark sides of sharenting, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/cjcs/11/1/cjcs.11.1.115_1-1.gif
Take it down
Semi-structured individual interviews with 14 Estonian mothers and their children (aged 9-13 years) pairs who had 'friended' each other on Facebook were carried out to study pre-teens' and parents' reflections and experiences regarding information disclosures and sharenting on Facebook. We wanted to know what kind of information mothers shared about their children on Facebook and how the children perceived and reacted to such posts. Our findings …
Communication-related vulnerability to disasters
The concept of social vulnerability has been increasingly applied in disaster literature, but its communicative drivers have remained understudied. In this article, we put forward a heuristic framework for explaining how communication-related factors may adversely affect people's capacity to prepare for and respond to disasters. This will help researchers, policy makers, and practitioners in the field of disasters and crises to systematically ide…
“You Either Love It Immediately, or You Hate It” Reflections and Experiences of Estonian Employees With Microchip Implants
Although employers around the world (e.g. USA, Mexico, Sweden, Belgium, Estonia) have started to implant employees with microchips (Esfola, 2018; Petersen 2019), there is still not enough empirical insights about the opportunities and risks microchipped employees associate with the technology. Semi-structured individual interviews with microchipped employees (n=14) from six different organizations in Estonia were carried out in autumn 2019 so as …
Mapping Children’s Life-Worlds
What children count as their favourite things tell us not only about children but also about their social and cultural experiences. This study,* based on the outcomes of a children’s drawing competition organised by the Estonian National Museum and applying a combined framework of visual sociology and participa-tory research, proposes an innovative angle to using the museum’s experimental approach to contemporary collecting of cultural heritage. …
Digipõlvkonnast sotsiaalmeedia põlvkonnaks. Põlvkondlikku enesemääratlust kujundavad trendid Eesti noorte internetikasutuses / From the digital generation to the social media generation
Meediakasutust puudutavad isiksuseomadused on kujunenud olulisteks põlvkondliku enesemääratluse ja identiteedi osisteks. Artiklis tutvustatakse meediapõlvkondade kultuurilisest käsitlusest lähtuvat lähenemist, mis näeb tänapäeva lapsi ja noori sotsiaalmeedia põlvkonnana. Mitmete empiiriliste uuringute tulemustele tuginevalt antakse artiklis ülevaade peamistest Eesti noortele omastest internetikasutuse harjumustest ja internetitegevustest. Millise…
Privacy, Covid-19 and Online Teaching
The COVID-19 crisis is a potential watershed moment for privacy with profound long-term effects on the organization and practices of work, education, and civic engagement. In this study we focus on the profound re-negotiation of mediated personal boundaries in times of mass lockdowns and social distancing. To understand how these new social conditions might be playing out in the field of privacy, we interviewed 90 faculty in higher education in E…
Mazephishing
The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic witnessed a surge of social engineering attacks. Although the pandemic is certainly not the first occurrence of socially disruptive circumstances that drive cybercrime, relevant academic scholarship has remained scarce. To fill this gap in literature and propose the analytical framework of mazephishing that places particular emphasis on the importance of credible social context in the online scam ecosyste…
Une mesure proportionnée face à la menace du Covid‐19? Le recours aux applications et autres outils de surveillance des salariés au regard des règles relatives à la protection des données de l'Union e…
Les autrices s'intéressent aux outils de suivi des contacts et autres dispositifs de surveillance utilisés par les employeurs pendant la pandémie. Elles se demandent s'ils sont bien compatibles avec les dispositions du Règlement général sur la protection des données de l'Union européenne. Rappelant que la relation de travail est par nature déséquilibrée, elles estiment que les législations nationales devraient mieux protéger le droit des salariés…
“My mom just wants to know where I am”
Inspired by the communication privacy management theory the aim of our study was to explore pre-teens’ viewpoints and experiences related to their parents’ usage of child-tracking technologies. Relying on Q methodology and semi-structured individual interviews with 8- to 13-year-old Estonian pre-teens (n = 20) who were aware of parental tracking, we will present perspectives for understanding children’s viewpoints on intimate surveillance. Three …
Tracing the Innovation – Decision Process for Adopting Microchip Implants
Relying on the diffusion of innovations theory by Everett Rogers (1962 [2003]), the current paper traces the five steps of the innovation-decision process for adopting microchip implants in a workplace. Semi-structured individual interviews with microchipped employees (n=14) from six different organisations in Estonia were carried out to explore their opinions and experiences with adopting the use of microchip implants in their workplaces. Our an…
Every move you make
A moment of turbulence
The rapid adoption of digital technologies during COVID-19 lockdowns offers a unique perspective on differences in privacy cultures. In this study, we compare how cultural predisposition and identities relate to privacy during the transition to remote learning in higher education in Estonia, France, and Israel. We conducted 83 in-depth interviews with academics, who talked about their adoption of communication technologies and strategies for mana…
Exploring subjective understandings among vaccine-hesitant individuals
Declining vaccination rates and the overall rise in vaccine hesitancy have become significant health threats globally. Given the complexity of vaccine hesitancy, it is crucial to study the subjective beliefs and viewpoints of vaccine-hesitant individuals. Q methodology study was carried out with Estonians ( N = 29) holding a range of vaccine-hesitant views, from strong anti-vaccine sentiments to expressing doubts about vaccines, to explore their …
What a Human-Centred Approach Reveals About Disinformation Policies
The Baltic countries’ responses to disinformation are widely recognized for their effectiveness in balancing “hard” and “soft” approaches while upholding democratic values (Bleyer-Simon et al., 2024). This article argues for additional efforts and more focused approaches to sustain societal resilience amid increasing geopolitical uncertainties and national political and economic risks, resulting in challenges of a more “epistemic character,” such…
Between control and adaptation
Schools from different cultural contexts have recently started to regulate the use of digital technologies, like generative AI applications; as well as ban the use of smart phones, during a school day. This article examines how K-12 schools in Estonia, one of the most digitalised societies in the world, approach these issues in their internal guidelines. Using quantitative document analysis of publicly accessible internal guidelines from 475 scho…
Computer Science (17 works) · Psychology (16 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Political science (13 works) · Estonian (10 works) · Impact of Technology on Adolescents (8 works) · Internet privacy (8 works) · Child Development and Digital Technology (7 works) · Public relations (7 works) · Social media (7 works)