Ali Çarkoğlu
Biographic Data
| ID | 324154 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ali Çarkoğlu |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ali |
| FAMILY NAME | Çarkoğlu |
| SIGNATURE | ÇARKOĞLU A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Koç University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7656-0990 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 62 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 549 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 61 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Evolving faith: Assessing religious dynamics in Turkey (1990–2023)
What happens to religious life when Islamist parties govern for decades? Drawing on nationally representative surveys from 1990 to 2023, this article traces how religiosity in Turkey has followed a hybrid path shaped by the politicization of faith. Communal practice and strong religious identification have weakened, especially among men and younger generations, yet belief in God remains widespread. Rather than confirming either secularization or …
Authoritarians Do It Better? Belief in Misinformation in Turkey
Misinformation poses a significant threat to the integrity of political systems, particularly in competitive authoritarian regimes (CARs), where it can distort public perception and undermine democratic processes. This study focuses on the 2023 Turkish general elections—a context characterized by widespread misinformation. While extensive research has been conducted on misinformation in democratic systems, where press freedom and digitalization f…
Trading economic for security performance: Shifting voters’ agenda during 2023 Turkish elections
This study examines the changing impact of economic and security performance evaluations on support for the incumbent president during the 2023 Turkish election campaign, contributing to the literature on economic voting and electoral strategies in hybrid regimes. Using a three-wave panel survey, we find that the effects of these evaluations fluctuate throughout the campaign. Four months before the elections, economic evaluations had a stronger i…
Vote choice and performance evaluations in competitive authoritarianism: Evidence from Turkey
Populist Appeals, Emotions, and Political Mobilization
Populist politicians frequently employ anti-establishment appeals in their discourse by targeting an imagined or real power elite. Do such appeals have a mobilizing effect among voters? What role do the emotional responses of voters play in this process? We address these questions using a vignette experiment embedded into a nationally representative survey fielded in Turkey, a country where a populist party has long been in power. Our research de…
Partisan Bias in Covid-19 Conspiracy Theories: News Reliance and the Moderating Role of Trust in Health Authorities
Neglecting the role of political bias in the public’s perceptions of health authorities could be deceptive when studying potentially politicized COVID-19 conspiracy theories (CCTs); however, previous studies often treated health authorities as a single entity and did not distinguish between different types of CCTs. Drawing from motivated reasoning theory, we investigate the politically motivated nature of CCTs by examining their associations with…
Difficult choices: Choosing the candidate of the nation alliance in the 2023 Turkish presidential election
The Turkish presidential election in 2023 marked a pivotal moment for the ruling Justice and Development Party and Erdoğan, grappling with criticism over their handling of the economic crisis. Six parties formed the Nation Alliance to challenge the incumbent, but negotiations for the alliance's presidential candidate collapsed, leading to the breakdown of the alliance. This study analyzes the divided opposition and its difficulty in nominating a …
Media Effects in a Polarized Political System: The Case of Turkey
The Unlikely Survival of Erdoğan in Turkey's May 2023 Elections
Approaching the May 2023 Turkish presidential and assembly elections seemed to promise a challenging situation for the incumbent Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP). The significant influx of refugees since the onset of the Syrian civil war introduced a reactive public agenda marked by occasional violent clashes in neighbourhoods with high refugee populations. This eventually spilled over t…
Populist attitudes and challenges towards liberal democracy: An empirical assessment of the Turkish case
The rise of populism presents a challenge to liberal democracy in various countries. This article questions how populist attitudes affect the democratic preferences of the electorate. Using representative survey data fielded from Turkey in 2019, we first tested the effect of populist attitudes on illiberal democratic attitudes. The results show the negative impact of populism on support for illiberal democratic attitudes. Next, we analyzed which …
Closing the information gap in competitive authoritarian regimes? The effect of voting advice applications
Biased perceptions against female scientists affect intentions to get vaccinated for Covid-19
Based on role congruity theory, we investigated how gender bias may influence public attitudes toward the vaccine in Turkey. Using a between-subjects design, we tested whether an emphasis on the female versus the male scientist as the vaccine’s inventor in a news story influenced attitudes about the BioNTech vaccine and vaccination intentions. Partly confirming role congruity theory, three-way interaction results from 665 participants demonstrate…
Cognitive political networks: A structural approach to measure political polarization in multiparty systems
CSES 25th anniversary special issue: An introduction
Dynamics of Campaign Reporting and Press-Party Parallelism: Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism and the Media System in Turkey
How do press-party parallelism dynamics unfold in media systems that experience competitive authoritarianism? We analyze the content of news coverage of political parties across four consecutive national election campaigns in Turkey (2002, 2007, 2011, and 2015) to track changes in press-party parallelism. We explore three dimensions of press-party parallelism in order to study its dynamics: visibility of political parties, the effective number of…
Terror attacks, issue salience, and party competence: Diagnosing shifting vote preferences in a panel study
How does a dramatic shift in political context that renders security concerns the most salient electoral issue influence voting? To address this question, we take advantage of the peculiar timing of elections and heightened terror attacks in Turkey with the use of original panel data. The June 2015 Turkish general election resulted in a hung parliament, and a snap election was held in November. While the period before June was relatively calm, th…
Partisanship, elite messages, and support for populism in power
Discontent is seen as a critical driver for the appeal of populism, yet studies have typically focused on cases of populism in opposition. We argue that scholars’ emphasis on populism in opposition led them to overlook the roles of elite messages and partisanship in the adoption of populist attitudes. Drawing on theories of elite-driven public opinion, we contend that populist attitudes do not need to be rooted in discontent. In cases of populism…
Greek-Turkish Relations in an Era of Détente
1. Introduction Barry Rubin 2. The Aegean Conflict and implications for Greek-Turkish Relations Mensur Akgun 3. A Model of Power Sharing: Comparing the 1960 Republic of Cyprus and the Annan Plan Ahmet Sozen 4. An Analysis of The Action-Reaction Behaviour In Defence Expenditures of Turkey And Greece Ulay Gunluk 5. The View from Greece: Perceptions of Turks and Greek-Turkish rapprochement by the Greek mass public Thanos Dokos 6. The View from Turke…
Support for Censorship of Online and Offline Media: The Partisan Divide in Turkey
The increasing popularity of online news and social media sites has made it more difficult than ever to control the flow of information. However, governments across the world are successfully continuing to restrict access to content that adversely affects their interests. This study examines the determinants of public support for censorship, as public support is likely to influence governments’ ability to regulate information. Using the Balance T…
Internet and social media use and political knowledge: Evidence from Turkey
What are the implications of citizens turning to online sources for news and information about politics? As the Internet and social media have become popular sources of news and information about politics, there has been a growing interest in understanding how this trend affects political knowledge. In this article, we analyze the effects of the Internet and social media use on the Turkish electorate’s political knowledge drawing on an original, …
Informal Giving in Turkey
Scholarly research about philanthropy has de-emphasized informal giving to friends, neighbors and others in need. Yet, informal giving is a critical element of philanthropy, particularly in settings with less well-developed civil society institutions. This paper examines informal giving in Turkey, based on two surveys of Turkish citizens conducted in 2004 and 2015. The surveys find much higher levels of informal giving than formal giving, though …
Ethnicity and religiosity-based prejudice in Turkey: Evidence from a survey experiment
Threat perceptions and prejudice underlie a large number of intergroup conflicts. In this article we explore prejudicial attitudes in Turkey regarding ethnic Kurdish and devout Muslim religious identities as opposed to Turkish and less observant, secular identities. Utilizing a population-based survey experiment, we use vignettes about a hypothetical family as a neighbour, with randomized ethnicity and religiosity-related cues. We find evidence f…
Partisan and apportionment bias in creating a predominant party system
Party competition in the Middle East: Spatial competition in the post-Arab Spring era
This paper charts the nature of political cleavage between major parties in post-Arab Spring elections in five Mediterranean region countries, with data from online opt-in surveys. We compare the Moroccan elections, held under a consolidated authoritarian regime, with the transitional cases of Tunisia and Egypt as well as the more mature democracies of Turkey and Israel. Voter opinions are obtained on 30 salient issues, and parties and voters are…
Presidents Shaping Public Opinion in Parliamentary Democracies: A Survey Experiment in Turkey
A spatial analysis of Turkish party preferences
Who gets targeted for vote-buying? Evidence from an augmented list experiment in Turkey
Understanding the dynamics of vote-buying is essential for improving accountability in elections in developing democracies. While list experiments are useful for attenuating social desirability bias associated with measuring vote-buying, they are not conducive to multivariate analyses, and the question of what types of individuals are targeted is left inadequately explored. We overcome this limitation by combining a population-based list experime…
Ideology or Economic Pragmatism: Profiling Turkish Voters in 2007
The July 2007 general elections took place in an atmosphere of polarization around debates concerning the changing nature of the Turkish political regime. The election victory for the incumbent Justice and Development Party (AKP) seemed to depend on two competing sources of influence upon voters in their choice for political parties. One was primarily long‐term ideological orientations built on left–right self‐placement, religiosity, and conserva…
The Turkish Party System in Transition: Party Performance and Agenda Change
Dynamics of Campaign Reporting and Press-Party Parallelism: Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism and the Media System in Turkey
How do press-party parallelism dynamics unfold in media systems that experience competitive authoritarianism? We analyze the content of news coverage of political parties across four consecutive national election campaigns in Turkey (2002, 2007, 2011, and 2015) to track changes in press-party parallelism. We explore three dimensions of press-party parallelism in order to study its dynamics: visibility of political parties, the effective number of…
Economic evaluations vs. ideology: Diagnosing the sources of electoral change in Turkey, 2002–2011
Taking Sides: Determinants of Support for a Presidential System in Turkey
A key issue on the Turkish political agenda concerns a transition to presidentialism, with a constitutional amendment proposal submitted in December 2016. While the positions of political elites are well known, we lack a detailed analysis of the electorate's views on such a transition. To fill this gap, we present cross-sectional and panel data collected over the period from spring 2015 to winter 2015-16. Partisanship emerges as the key factor sh…
A New Electoral Victory for the ‘Pro-Islamists’ or the ‘New Centre-Right’? The Justice and Development Party Phenomenon in the July 2007 Parliamentary Elections in Turkey
The July 2007 elections took place in an atmosphere of polarization, with the central issue the nature of the Turkish political regime. The elections are contextualized within a long- as well as a short-term perspective, showing how the secularist–Islamist confrontation reflected a new version of a centre–periphery cleavage going back to the Ottoman empire. After a discussion of the aborted presidential election of May 2007, the results of the pa…
Political Preferences of the Turkish Electorate: Reflections of an Alevi–Sunni Cleavage
This essay aims to develop an index of Alevi orientations for the Turkish electorate based on data collected in a post‐November 2002 election survey during January–February 2003, conducted with a nationwide representative sample of voters. Series of validity checks yield encouraging results and show that Alevi versus Sunni/Hanefi piousness indicators and their attitudinal reflections are very much in contrast to one another. On the political scen…
Terror attacks, issue salience, and party competence: Diagnosing shifting vote preferences in a panel study
How does a dramatic shift in political context that renders security concerns the most salient electoral issue influence voting? To address this question, we take advantage of the peculiar timing of elections and heightened terror attacks in Turkey with the use of original panel data. The June 2015 Turkish general election resulted in a hung parliament, and a snap election was held in November. While the period before June was relatively calm, th…
Macro Economic Determinants of Electoral Support for Incumbents in Turkey, 1950–1995
The assertion that economic conditions prevailing during a government's tenure influence the level of electoral support it receives is frequently expressed in Turkey. Despite frequent references to economic dimensions of electoral behavior in Turkish media and academic circles, however, there are only a few systematic analyses of the impact of macro-economic performance on incumbents' electoral success. Bulutay and Yıldırım (1969) and Bulutay (19…
Partisanship, elite messages, and support for populism in power
Discontent is seen as a critical driver for the appeal of populism, yet studies have typically focused on cases of populism in opposition. We argue that scholars’ emphasis on populism in opposition led them to overlook the roles of elite messages and partisanship in the adoption of populist attitudes. Drawing on theories of elite-driven public opinion, we contend that populist attitudes do not need to be rooted in discontent. In cases of populism…
The Nature of Left–Right Ideological Self‐placement in the Turkish Context
This essay examines the nature of the left–right dimension in the Turkish context. Using a nationwide representative survey conducted in 2006, the author estimates an ordered logit model to analyze the determinants of self‐placements on a conventional one‐to‐ten left–right scale. The analysis reveals first that the scale does not reflect a fine‐tuned grading along the ten‐point scale but rather creates ordered categories of “left,” “center,” and …
The Rise of the New Generation Pro-Islamists in Turkey: The Justice and Development Party Phenomenon in the November 2002 Elections in Turkey
This analysis reviews the main characteristics of the Turkish party system, presents a historical evaluation of the context of the most recent November 2002 elections and analyses in depth the nature of the patterns that emerge from the provincial election returns. The account underlines the challenges awaiting the newly elected Justice and Development Party on the domestic social and economic fronts as well as potentially dangerous events in for…
Press-Party Parallelism and Polarization of News Media during an Election Campaign: The Case of the 2011 Turkish Elections
The aim of this article is to examine press-party parallelism during the 2011 national elections in Turkey. The article reports findings from a content analysis of 9,127 news articles and editorial columns from fifteen newspapers regarding the trajectory of press-party parallelism over the course of the twelve-week national elections campaign period. We focus on two indicators of press-party parallelism: (1) respective “voice” given to the two le…
Plus ça Change Plus C'est la Même Chose: Consolidation of the AKP's Predominance in the March 2014 Local Elections in Turkey
The March 2014 local elections, following the Gezi Park protests and allegations of government corruption, registered the highest turnout of any Turkish election since 1994. Despite strong resistance from conservative and liberal circles, the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) held onto its constituency without losing much electoral support. Its losses were shared among the opposition parties, none of which emerged in a strong position to…
A Precarious Relationship: The Alevi Minority, the Turkish State and the EU
Over the last decade, the political significance of the Alevis, the largest sectarian Muslim minority in Turkey, has notably changed. This article aims to evaluate the Alevi community's changing stance as a sectarian minority within an increasingly conservative Turkish society facing European Union (EU) membership negotiations. We first of all summarise the characteristics of the Alevi community and contextualise the changing role of the Alevi mi…
Domestic Concerns and the Water Conflict over the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin
Resolution of conflicts over the sharing of water resources in the Middle East has emerged over the past decade as one of the fundamental issues for peace and stability in the region. The disputes over the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers among Turkey, Syria and Iraq are no exception. With the initiation of dam building and various water development projects during the 1950s, water sharing has gradually become a major concern particularly of the downstrea…
Press–party Parallelism in Turkey: An Individual Level Interpretation
This article aims to measure the level of partisanship for readers of major newspapers in Turkey. In so doing partisan alignments of those newspapers as reflected in the party preferences of their readers are diagnosed. Alternatively, different levels of pluralism as reflective of newspaper outlets within different party supporters are also depicted. Using micro‐individual level survey data it is shown that while internal pluralism within newspap…
Diagnosing Trends and Determinants in Public Support for Turkey's EU Membership
Despite scholarly interest in the process of Turkey's candidacy for European Union (EU) membership, what is missing in the literature is a detailed examination of Turkish public opinion on the issue. Using Turkish Election Surveys, Eurobarometer surveys and International Social Survey Programme data, we test whether economic considerations, support for democracy, attachment to national identity and religiosity affect Turkish individuals' attitude…
The March 2009 Local Elections in Turkey: A Signal for Takers or the Inevitable Beginning of the End for AKP
The article offers a descriptive geographic account of the March 2009 local elections in Turkey. Cluster analysis is employed to investigate the results and changing voting patterns compared with the 2004 local government elections. AKP has stalled but remains the dominant party in the system. The electoral map indicates three main regions: the coastal western and most developed provinces where the opposition is strong, the east and southeastern …
The Turkish Cypriot General Elections of December 2003: Setting the Stage for Resolving the Cyprus Conflict
This article provides an evaluation of the December 2003 general elections in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). After a brief review of the electoral history of TRNC, its electoral and party systems, the article discusses election issues and how different parties used them. Election results are presented from a macro-geographical perspective. The influence of international actors on the election is assessed, followed by an evaluatio…
The geography of the April 1999 Turkish elections
This article focuses on the geographical distribution of electoral support across Turkish provinces in the April 1999 elections. Provincial election returns are divided into seven clusters and analyzed. Party system characteristics as well as socioeconomic development levels exhibit striking differences across clusters. The least developed eastern and southeastern provinces, where Kurdish separatist activities have been most effective, show a hig…
The Turkish general election of 24 December 1995
The Unlikely Survival of Erdoğan in Turkey's May 2023 Elections
Approaching the May 2023 Turkish presidential and assembly elections seemed to promise a challenging situation for the incumbent Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP). The significant influx of refugees since the onset of the Syrian civil war introduced a reactive public agenda marked by occasional violent clashes in neighbourhoods with high refugee populations. This eventually spilled over t…
Election manifestos and policy‐oriented economic voting: A pooled cross‐national analysis
Many previous analyses of aggregate‐level policy‐oriented economic voting hypotheses have been based on expert judgements of incumbents' ideology. These judgements first of all concentrate on long term characteristics of ideological stands and, more importantly, do not reflect parties' positions on economic issues per se. Using parties' arguments on economic issues in their election manifestoes, this article develops a left‐right ideology dimensi…
Macro Economic Determinants of Electoral Support for Incumbents in Turkey, 1950–1995
The assertion that economic conditions prevailing during a government's tenure influence the level of electoral support it receives is frequently expressed in Turkey. Despite frequent references to economic dimensions of electoral behavior in Turkish media and academic circles, however, there are only a few systematic analyses of the impact of macro-economic performance on incumbents' electoral success. Bulutay and Yıldırım (1969) and Bulutay (19…
The Turkish general election of 24 December 1995
The Turkish Party System in Transition: Party Performance and Agenda Change
Fairness in the Apportionment of Seats in the Turkish Legislature: Is There Room For Improvement
As new elections approach, Turkish political agenda is once again dominated by discussions of election systems and impending changes in the existing one. These discussions are not without consequence. Since the first competitive and fair elections of 1950, twelve general elections have been held and a total of 37 legislative arrangements concerning elections have been implemented. Three of those were passed by the parliament just before the Decem…
The geography of the April 1999 Turkish elections
This article focuses on the geographical distribution of electoral support across Turkish provinces in the April 1999 elections. Provincial election returns are divided into seven clusters and analyzed. Party system characteristics as well as socioeconomic development levels exhibit striking differences across clusters. The least developed eastern and southeastern provinces, where Kurdish separatist activities have been most effective, show a hig…
Domestic Concerns and the Water Conflict over the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin
Resolution of conflicts over the sharing of water resources in the Middle East has emerged over the past decade as one of the fundamental issues for peace and stability in the region. The disputes over the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers among Turkey, Syria and Iraq are no exception. With the initiation of dam building and various water development projects during the 1950s, water sharing has gradually become a major concern particularly of the downstrea…
The Rise of the New Generation Pro-Islamists in Turkey: The Justice and Development Party Phenomenon in the November 2002 Elections in Turkey
This analysis reviews the main characteristics of the Turkish party system, presents a historical evaluation of the context of the most recent November 2002 elections and analyses in depth the nature of the patterns that emerge from the provincial election returns. The account underlines the challenges awaiting the newly elected Justice and Development Party on the domestic social and economic fronts as well as potentially dangerous events in for…
The Rise of Right-of-Center Parties and the Nationalization of Electoral Forces in Turkey
Two frequently discussed issues in Turkish electoral studies concern the instability and geographical cleavages in electoral preferences. Turkish voters are not strongly identified with political parties and frequently vote for different parties due primarily to patronage distribution. Their vote is also strongly influenced by parochial ties. Despite various regulations in electoral laws, such as a minimum 10 percent nationwide support for repres…
Social Capital and Corruption during Times of Crisis: A Look at Turkish Firms during the Economic Crisis of 2001
This contribution investigates whether lack of trust among business people towards the business community, as well as towards the general public, is conducive to more corruption in Turkey. Based on a survey study conducted in 2001, we establish a link between trust and corruption. Accepting the claim that corruption plays a role in the emergence and persistence of economic--and political--crises, we suggest that the latest crises that hit Turkey …
The View from Turkey: Perceptions of Greeks and Greek-Turkish Rapprochement by the Turkish Public
This contribution examines popular support among the Turkish electorate for recent Turkish foreign policy decisions concerning Greece. Data from a nationwide representative survey collected in November 2001 are used to analyze the perceptions and policy preferences concerning recent Greek-Turkish relations. Despite deep-rooted cynicism and distrust toward Greeks and Greek foreign policy, a sizeable constituency supports cooperative policy options…
Conclusion
Religiosity, support for şeriat and evaluations of secularist public policies in Turkey
The Turkish Cypriot General Elections of December 2003: Setting the Stage for Resolving the Cyprus Conflict
This article provides an evaluation of the December 2003 general elections in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). After a brief review of the electoral history of TRNC, its electoral and party systems, the article discusses election issues and how different parties used them. Election results are presented from a macro-geographical perspective. The influence of international actors on the election is assessed, followed by an evaluatio…
Political Preferences of the Turkish Electorate: Reflections of an Alevi–Sunni Cleavage
This essay aims to develop an index of Alevi orientations for the Turkish electorate based on data collected in a post‐November 2002 election survey during January–February 2003, conducted with a nationwide representative sample of voters. Series of validity checks yield encouraging results and show that Alevi versus Sunni/Hanefi piousness indicators and their attitudinal reflections are very much in contrast to one another. On the political scen…
Conclusion
A spatial analysis of Turkish party preferences
The Nature of Left–Right Ideological Self‐placement in the Turkish Context
This essay examines the nature of the left–right dimension in the Turkish context. Using a nationwide representative survey conducted in 2006, the author estimates an ordered logit model to analyze the determinants of self‐placements on a conventional one‐to‐ten left–right scale. The analysis reveals first that the scale does not reflect a fine‐tuned grading along the ten‐point scale but rather creates ordered categories of “left,” “center,” and …
A New Electoral Victory for the ‘Pro-Islamists’ or the ‘New Centre-Right’? The Justice and Development Party Phenomenon in the July 2007 Parliamentary Elections in Turkey
The July 2007 elections took place in an atmosphere of polarization, with the central issue the nature of the Turkish political regime. The elections are contextualized within a long- as well as a short-term perspective, showing how the secularist–Islamist confrontation reflected a new version of a centre–periphery cleavage going back to the Ottoman empire. After a discussion of the aborted presidential election of May 2007, the results of the pa…
Conclusion
Ideology or Economic Pragmatism: Profiling Turkish Voters in 2007
The July 2007 general elections took place in an atmosphere of polarization around debates concerning the changing nature of the Turkish political regime. The election victory for the incumbent Justice and Development Party (AKP) seemed to depend on two competing sources of influence upon voters in their choice for political parties. One was primarily long‐term ideological orientations built on left–right self‐placement, religiosity, and conserva…
The Rising Tide of Conservatism in Turkey
This book analyzes the development and impact of conservatism on Turkish politics in the post-Cold War era. Exploring the impact of international system change on Turkey over the course of recent even
Women's Choices of Head Cover in Turkey: An Empirical Assessment
Despite its political significance, not much is known about the behavioral and attitudinal bases of different head cover practices in Turkey. The article makes use of two nationwide representative surveys, one carried out in 1999 and the other in 2006, to expose the characteristics of “covered” women in contrast to “the uncovered.” Three different types of head covers are distinguished: (1) the more traditional but relatively more colorful head c…
The March 2009 Local Elections in Turkey: A Signal for Takers or the Inevitable Beginning of the End for AKP
The article offers a descriptive geographic account of the March 2009 local elections in Turkey. Cluster analysis is employed to investigate the results and changing voting patterns compared with the 2004 local government elections. AKP has stalled but remains the dominant party in the system. The electoral map indicates three main regions: the coastal western and most developed provinces where the opposition is strong, the east and southeastern …
Press–party Parallelism in Turkey: An Individual Level Interpretation
This article aims to measure the level of partisanship for readers of major newspapers in Turkey. In so doing partisan alignments of those newspapers as reflected in the party preferences of their readers are diagnosed. Alternatively, different levels of pluralism as reflective of newspaper outlets within different party supporters are also depicted. Using micro‐individual level survey data it is shown that while internal pluralism within newspap…
Political science (55 works) · Law (46 works) · Politics (43 works) · Law (40 works) · Turkey's Politics and Society (32 works) · Sociology (31 works) · Turkish (29 works) · Economics (27 works) · Political economy (25 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (21 works)