John B Carroll
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 334753 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John B Carroll |
| PRENOMES | John B |
| SOBRENOME | Carroll |
| ASSINATURA | CARROLL J B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 49 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 536 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1943 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2021 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Psycholinguistics
PROBLEMSphers and others who had always exhibited some interest in language developed a renewed concern for the field.But their various lines of approach to the problem of language were in some respects remarkably disparate.The descriptive linguists discussing phonemes, the communications engineers discussing binary digits, and the psychologist discussing linguistic responses seemed most of the time to be engaged in wholly separate conversations.…
Language, Thought, and Reality
On Methodology in the Study of Cognitive Abilities
From experiences in reanalyzing some 480 datasets in the factor-analytic literature of cognitive abilities (Carroll, 1993a), 1 report and defend opinions 1 have formed about methodological problems in this field - in particular with regard to: (a) study design in relation to the structure of cognitive abilities, (b) test design in relation to IRT procedures, factorial complexity, and cognitive processes
Surveying the Cognitive Terrain
Human Cognitive Abilities
This 1993 work surveys and summarizes the results of more than seventy years of investigation, by factor analysis, of a variety of cognitive abilities, with particular attention to language, thinking, memory, visual and auditory perception, creativity and the production of ideas, and the speed and accuracy of mental processing. The author describes his detailed findings resulting from reanalysis of more than 460 data sets from the factor-analytic…
The Carroll Model
The Model of School Learning, first published 25 years ago, has taken its place as a useful guide in research on teaching and learning in schools. The model accounts for variations in school learning with five classes of variables, three, of which can be expressed in terms of time, the other two in terms of achievement. Most aspects of the model have been confirmed, although details remain to be filled out by further research. Ways that the model…
Five Masterminds of the Behavioral Sciences
Correcting Point-Biserial and Biserial Correlation Coefficients for Chance Success
Formulas are provided for correcting point-biserial and biserial item-test correlations for the effect of chance success by guessing. It is pointed out that these chance-corrected correlations may sometimes exceed unity
LT + 25, and beyond? Comments
Edward Sapir
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Raymond B. Cattell's Contributions to the Theory of Cognitive Abilities
(1984). Raymond B. Cattell's Contributions to the Theory of Cognitive Abilities. Multivariate Behavioral Research: Vol. 19, No. 2-3, pp. 300-306
On the scientific basis of ability testing
On the scientific basis of ability testing
Ability and Task Difficulty in Cognitive Psychology
A topic of perennial and currently prevailing interest, both in educational psychology and in public discussions, is the nature of intelligence and its relation to learning and performance, in and out of school. But because we cannot be sure, at the outset, that intelligence is a single, unitary entity I prefer to think of the problem as having to do with the nature of mental abilities. I emphasize the adjective mental and the plural form of the …
Remarks on Sternberg's “Factor Theories of Intelligence are All Right Almost”
articulated notion of component than was available from Sternberg's earlier writings. His research over the past several years has enabled him to refine, and at the same time extend, this concept. But in addition, Sternberg has recognized more fully the possible contributions of factor analysis to the study of intelligence and mental abilities. My discussion concerns not only Sternberg's article published here, but also the book he published earl…
"Remarks on Sternberg's "Factor Theories of Intelligence Are All Right Almost
Evaluation Studies
Subjective Estimates of Consonant Phoneme Frequencies
Subjective magnitude estimates of the frequencies of 24 consonant phonemes were obtained from 65 university students, some with training in linguistics, by a method that had been used by Attneave (1953) for judgments of letter frequencies. Reliabilities of averaged judgments for comparably sized groups of 30 judges were estimated as in the neighbourhood of .95. Averages of logarithmically transformed judgments were correlated with log frequencies…
The Committee on Basic Research in Education
Word Frequency and Age of Acquisition as Determiners of Picture-Naming Latency
In multiple-regression analysis of picture-naming latencies from an experiment modelled on Oldfield and Wingfield's (1965), with 94 stimuli and 37 adult subjects, two word frequency measures had insignificant beta weights, while two measures estimating age at which the word was learned had highly significant weights. Objects whose names were learned early were named faster. This result may have important implications for the interpretation of stu…
Some Suggestions from A Psycholinguist
Recent research and theoretical developments suggest some approaches to second language teaching that may have some generality. Several examples are given. First, one study (Postovsky, 1970) indicates that it is a good idea to start foreign language teaching with emphasis on listening comprehension, delaying any requirement for accurate pronunciation or active speech production until listening comprehension has been well established. Foreign lang…
Implications of Aptitude Test Research and Psycholinguistic Theory for Foreign-Language Teaching
Current Issues in Psycholinguistics and Second Language Teaching
It is urged that there is no real conflict between the audiolingual and cognitive-code theories as applied to language teaching. It is false to make an opposition between rule-governed behavior and language habits. The notion of habit is, however, more general than that of rule, and is not as conceptually inadequate as sometimes claimed. The learning of second languages requires both the acquisition of knowledge about rules and the formation of t…
An Interactive-Computer Program for the Johnson-Neyman Technique in the Case of Two Groups, Two Predictor Variables, and One Criterion Variable
A program written in TELCOMP, an interactive-computer language, is presented for doing all the necessary computations for the Johnson-Neyman (1936) technique in the simplest case, starting from raw sums, sums of squares, and sums of cross-products or from means, standard deviations, and correlations previously computed for the two groups. Computations are shown for three sets of data, two of which are from previous expositions of the method; it i…
What Does the Pennsylvania Foreign Language Research Project Tell Us
Although the design of the study was exemplary, the number of classes and teachers was barely satisfactory, and “strategy” effects may have been confounded with text variables. The “traditional” strategy tended to be a “traditional‐modified” one and may not have been as distinct from the “functional skills” strategies as might be desired. Technical flaws in the statistical analysis included failure to take account of repeated measures and questio…
Language, Thought, and Reality
Foreign Language Proficiency Levels Attained by Language Majors Near Graduation from College
MLA Foreign Language Proficiency Tests for Teachers and Advanced Students were administered in 1965 to 2,782 seniors majoring in French, German, Italian, Russian, or Spanish at 203 institutions. The resulting data provided new evidence on a number of issues significant in the selection and training of future language teachers, though conclusions must be drawn with caution. Audio‐lingual skills were generally low. Even brief time spent abroad had …
Psycholinguistics
PROBLEMSphers and others who had always exhibited some interest in language developed a renewed concern for the field.But their various lines of approach to the problem of language were in some respects remarkably disparate.The descriptive linguists discussing phonemes, the communications engineers discussing binary digits, and the psychologist discussing linguistic responses seemed most of the time to be engaged in wholly separate conversations.…
Language, Thought, and Reality
The Carroll Model
The Model of School Learning, first published 25 years ago, has taken its place as a useful guide in research on teaching and learning in schools. The model accounts for variations in school learning with five classes of variables, three, of which can be expressed in terms of time, the other two in terms of achievement. Most aspects of the model have been confirmed, although details remain to be filled out by further research. Ways that the model…
The Nature of Human Intelligence
Ability and Task Difficulty in Cognitive Psychology
A topic of perennial and currently prevailing interest, both in educational psychology and in public discussions, is the nature of intelligence and its relation to learning and performance, in and out of school. But because we cannot be sure, at the outset, that intelligence is a single, unitary entity I prefer to think of the problem as having to do with the nature of mental abilities. I emphasize the adjective mental and the plural form of the …
A Factor Analysis of Two Foreign Language Aptiude Batteries
(1958). A Factor Analysis of Two Foreign Language Aptiude Batteries. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 3-19
Current Issues in Psycholinguistics and Second Language Teaching
It is urged that there is no real conflict between the audiolingual and cognitive-code theories as applied to language teaching. It is false to make an opposition between rule-governed behavior and language habits. The notion of habit is, however, more general than that of rule, and is not as conceptually inadequate as sometimes claimed. The learning of second languages requires both the acquisition of knowledge about rules and the formation of t…
The Measurement of Meaning
The Committee on Basic Research in Education
Implications of Aptitude Test Research and Psycholinguistic Theory for Foreign-Language Teaching
Some Suggestions from A Psycholinguist
Recent research and theoretical developments suggest some approaches to second language teaching that may have some generality. Several examples are given. First, one study (Postovsky, 1970) indicates that it is a good idea to start foreign language teaching with emphasis on listening comprehension, delaying any requirement for accurate pronunciation or active speech production until listening comprehension has been well established. Foreign lang…
A Plea for Compactness
High-Speed Computation of Lexicostatistical Indices
The purpose of this paper is to bring to the attention of interested persons the existence and availability of a high-speed computer program designed to aid in the determination of lexicostatistical indices, of the type developed by Swadesh, for assessing the degree to which any two given languages are cognate. The program was written by Carroll for the IBM Electronic Data Processing Machine Type 704 (with a 32,768-word magnetic-core storage) at …
The case of Dr. Flesch
Ratings on traits measured by a factored personality inventory
The Factorial Representation of Mental Ability and Academic Achievement
Speed and Level Components in Time-Limit Scores
Ratings on traits measured by a factored personality inventory
Petite introduction à la psychomécanique du langage
The Study of Language
The Study of Language
The case of Dr. Flesch
Language, Thought, and Reality
An Inventory of Intelligence
Language, Thought, and Reality
The Assessment of Phoneme Cluster Frequencies
Sol Saporta has presented data which are claimed to confirm his hypothesis that ‘the average frequency of a consonant cluster is a function of the difference between the phonemes in the cluster: low frequencies are expected for clusters which are either extremely similar or extremely dissimilar; high frequencies are expected for clusters which are at neither extreme.‘ The difference between any two phonemes is measured as the number of distinctiv…
A Factor Analysis of Two Foreign Language Aptiude Batteries
(1958). A Factor Analysis of Two Foreign Language Aptiude Batteries. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 3-19
The Measurement of Meaning
Roger Brown. Words and things . Glencoe, Illinois
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Research on Teaching Foreign Languages
High-Speed Computation of Lexicostatistical Indices
The purpose of this paper is to bring to the attention of interested persons the existence and availability of a high-speed computer program designed to aid in the determination of lexicostatistical indices, of the type developed by Swadesh, for assessing the degree to which any two given languages are cognate. The program was written by Carroll for the IBM Electronic Data Processing Machine Type 704 (with a 32,768-word magnetic-core storage) at …
A Model of School Learning
Two Measures of Free Association Response and Their Relations to Scores on Selected Personality and Verbal Ability Tests
The first 50 stimuli from the K-R list, two personality tests (the MCI and the GZTS), and 26 verbal ability paper-and-pencil tests were given to a large number of senior high school students. Two response categories for the K-R, opposites and non-opposite primaries, and the personality tests had low correlations, most of which did not differ significantly from zero. This finding is consistent with that of previous investigators. The correlations …
The Ninth International Congress of Linguists Cambridge, Mass., August 27?31, 1962
A Plea for Compactness
Foreign Language Proficiency Levels Attained by Language Majors Near Graduation from College
MLA Foreign Language Proficiency Tests for Teachers and Advanced Students were administered in 1965 to 2,782 seniors majoring in French, German, Italian, Russian, or Spanish at 203 institutions. The resulting data provided new evidence on a number of issues significant in the selection and training of future language teachers, though conclusions must be drawn with caution. Audio‐lingual skills were generally low. Even brief time spent abroad had …
Roundtable Review
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Memorandum
Interest in basic theoretical and empirical studies in psycholinguistics has grown recently, but little work has been done to show relevance to language learning. Foreign language teaching methodologies are supported by very little empirical evidence, and applied psycholinguistic research in second‐language teaching is only beginning to identify critical variables in instructional methods. In the teaching of English as a second language and the t…
The Nature of Human Intelligence
What Does the Pennsylvania Foreign Language Research Project Tell Us
Although the design of the study was exemplary, the number of classes and teachers was barely satisfactory, and “strategy” effects may have been confounded with text variables. The “traditional” strategy tended to be a “traditional‐modified” one and may not have been as distinct from the “functional skills” strategies as might be desired. Technical flaws in the statistical analysis included failure to take account of repeated measures and questio…
Psychology (41 obras) · Linguistics (19 obras) · Computer Science (17 obras) · Philosophy (16 obras) · Mathematics education (13 obras) · Mathematics (11 obras) · Cognition (10 obras) · Sociology (10 obras) · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning (9 obras) · Cognitive Abilities and Testing (7 obras)