Armen Hakhverdian
Biographic Data
| ID | 336345 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Armen Hakhverdian |
| GIVEN NAMES | Armen |
| FAMILY NAME | Hakhverdian |
| SIGNATURE | HAKHVERDIAN A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Amsterdam |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1004 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Stable or variable distrust? Disentangling the relationship between political trust and electoral behavior
Low political trust disengages citizens from mainstream politics, stimulating anti-establishment voting and even electoral abstention. However, existing scholarship has largely overlooked the temporal dynamics of political trust. Next to high versus low trust, our study identifies two additional components of political trust: its long-term variability and its short-term variation. We employ fifteen waves of the Dutch LISS panel (2008–2023) to sys…
What Explains Voting for Denk: Issues, Discrimination or In-group Favouritism
Why do ethnic and religious minorities vote for DENK? DENK is the first pro-Turkey and pro-Islam party represented in Dutch parliament, led by Turkish- and Moroccan-origin politicians who openly profess to practicing Islam. Drawing on an original survey (N= 905) among Dutch voters in which we oversampled those with Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese roots, we put three possible explanations to the test: issues, discrimination and in-group favouriti…
The political representation of left-nationalist voters
Real but Unequal Representation in Welfare State Reform
Scholars have long debated whether welfare policymaking in industrialized democracies is responsive to citizen preferences and whether such policymaking is more responsive to rich than to poor citizens. Debate has been hampered, however, by difficulties in matching data on attitudes toward particular policies to data on changes in the generosity of actual policies. This article uses better, more targeted measures of policy change that allow more …
Ideological congruence and socio-economic inequality
This study examines whether or not political representation in the Netherlands is biased toward the rich and higher educated by comparing the political orientations of members of parliament to those of the electorate. The analyses reveal stark differences in the representation of different socio-economic groups. The political views of elected national representatives are far more similar to those of rich, higher educated citizens than to those wi…
Political Trust as the Evaluation of Process and Performance: A Cross-National Study of 42 European Countries
This article extends and tests the trust-as-evaluation approach that is dominant in political science. Citizens supposedly grant and withhold trust in politics based on an assessment of its merits. We argue that the relevance of performances and processes should be conditional on the values that citizens hold dear and the accuracy with which they perceive them. Through multilevel analyses of the European Value Survey 2008, we model the (condition…
Ideological Congruence and Citizen Satisfaction: Evidence From 25 Advanced Democracies
Ideological congruence is an important and popular measure of the quality of political representation. The closer the match between the preferences of the public and those of elected elites, the better representative democracy is thought to function. Relatively little attention has been paid, however, to the effects of ideological congruence on political judgment. We address this gap by examining whether citizens use egocentric or sociotropic jud…
United against a common foe? The nature and origins of Euroscepticism among left-wing and right-wing citizens
In Western European democracies opposition to the European Union is commonly found at the ideological extremes. Yet, the Euroscepticism of radical left-wing and radical right-wing parties has been shown to have distinct roots and manifestations. The article investigates whether these differences are mirrored at the citizen level. Using data from the European Election Study (2009/2014) and the European Social Survey (2008/2012) in 15 West European…
Off the Fence, Onto the Bandwagon? A Large-Scale Survey Experiment on Effect of Real-Life Poll Outcomes on Subsequent Vote Intentions
Despite decades of scholarly inquiry, the debate on the existence of a bandwagon effect in politics remains undecided. This article aims to overcome the limitations of previous experimental and survey research. We test to what extent success in real-life polling outcomes of the previous weeks influences subsequent vote intentions. To this end, we designed a large-scale survey experiment among a diverse cross-section of the Dutch electorate ( N = …
Does it Matter that Most Representatives are Higher Educated
On 1 June 2005, in the first Dutch national referendum in over 200 years, 62 percent of voters rejected the so-called ‘Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe’. They did so despite overwhelming elite support in favor of the constitutional treaty. In fact, 85 percent of the Dutch Second Chamber, the country's lower house of parliament, supported adoption of the treaty.1 How can we make sense of this utter lack of political agreement between …
An ever wider gap in an ever closer union: Rising inequalities and euroscepticism in 12 West European democracies, 1975–2009
This article asks whether the trend towards greater inequality in European countries has led to an increase in euroscepticism. Traditionally amongst the most equal societies, West European countries have recently witnessed a stark increase in income inequality. European integration is often presented as one of the main driving factors of this development. This raises the question whether Europeans blame the EU for the widening gap between the ric…
The Dynamics of Voters’ Left/Right Identification: The Role of Economic and Cultural Attitudes
The mobilization of culturally rooted issues has altered political competition throughout Western Europe. This article analyzes to what extent the mobilization of immigration issues has affected how people identify with politics. Specifically, it analyzes whether voters’ left/right self-identifications over the past 30 years increasingly correspond to cultural rather than economic attitudes. This study uses longitudinal data from the Netherlands …
Euroscepticism and education: A longitudinal study of 12 EU member states, 1973–2010
This study examines the relationship between educational attainment and euroscepticism from 1973 to 2010. Existing research has shown that, driven by utilitarian considerations, political cues and questions of collective identity, education and euroscepticism are negatively related. However, as the process of European unification has progressed, all three factors have become more salient, so we expect an increasing effect of education on euroscep…
The emergence of a ‘diploma democracy’? The political education gap in the Netherlands, 1971–2010
Institutional Trust, Education, and Corruption: A Micro-Macro Interactive Approach
This article examines how the effect of education on institutional trust varies cross-nationally as a function of the pervasiveness of public-sector corruption. We approach institutional trust as a performance-based evaluation of political institutions. Given their greater capacity to accurately assess the level of corruption coupled with their stronger commitment to democratic values, we hypothesize that higher-educated citizens should react dif…
The Causal Flow between Public Opinion and Policy: Government Responsiveness, Leadership, or Counter Movement
This article examines the causal relationship between public opinion and policy. Does opinion affect policy or is it the other way around? Three hypotheses take centre stage. The responsiveness hypothesis postulates that changes in public opinion lead to subsequent changes in policy in the same direction. The leadership hypothesis reverses the causal arrow and states that a change in policy results in a subsequent change in opinion in the same di…
Political Representation and its Mechanisms: A Dynamic Left–Right Approach for the United Kingdom, 1976–2006
Some scholars use the ‘dynamic representation’ approach to test how much current policy changes reflect past public preferences. This article tests hypotheses derived from this approach in a left–right context for the United Kingdom from 1976 to 2006. This shows that government policy on the left–right scale shifts as public preferences change (‘rational anticipation’). Secondly, a public with right-wing preferences elects the Conservatives, who …
Capturing Government Policy on the Left-Right Scale: Evidence from the United Kingdom, 1956-2006
The left-right scheme is the most widely used and parsimonious representation of political competition. Yet, long time series of the left-right position of governments are sparse. Existing methods are of limited use in dynamic settings due to insufficient time points which hinders the proper specification of time-series regressions. This article analyses legislative speeches in order to construct an annual left-right policy variable for Britain f…
Consensus Democracy and Support for Populist Parties in Western Europe
The Dynamics of Voters’ Left/Right Identification: The Role of Economic and Cultural Attitudes
The mobilization of culturally rooted issues has altered political competition throughout Western Europe. This article analyzes to what extent the mobilization of immigration issues has affected how people identify with politics. Specifically, it analyzes whether voters’ left/right self-identifications over the past 30 years increasingly correspond to cultural rather than economic attitudes. This study uses longitudinal data from the Netherlands …
Institutional Trust, Education, and Corruption: A Micro-Macro Interactive Approach
This article examines how the effect of education on institutional trust varies cross-nationally as a function of the pervasiveness of public-sector corruption. We approach institutional trust as a performance-based evaluation of political institutions. Given their greater capacity to accurately assess the level of corruption coupled with their stronger commitment to democratic values, we hypothesize that higher-educated citizens should react dif…
Political Trust as the Evaluation of Process and Performance: A Cross-National Study of 42 European Countries
This article extends and tests the trust-as-evaluation approach that is dominant in political science. Citizens supposedly grant and withhold trust in politics based on an assessment of its merits. We argue that the relevance of performances and processes should be conditional on the values that citizens hold dear and the accuracy with which they perceive them. Through multilevel analyses of the European Value Survey 2008, we model the (condition…
Euroscepticism and education: A longitudinal study of 12 EU member states, 1973–2010
This study examines the relationship between educational attainment and euroscepticism from 1973 to 2010. Existing research has shown that, driven by utilitarian considerations, political cues and questions of collective identity, education and euroscepticism are negatively related. However, as the process of European unification has progressed, all three factors have become more salient, so we expect an increasing effect of education on euroscep…
Ideological Congruence and Citizen Satisfaction: Evidence From 25 Advanced Democracies
Ideological congruence is an important and popular measure of the quality of political representation. The closer the match between the preferences of the public and those of elected elites, the better representative democracy is thought to function. Relatively little attention has been paid, however, to the effects of ideological congruence on political judgment. We address this gap by examining whether citizens use egocentric or sociotropic jud…
United against a common foe? The nature and origins of Euroscepticism among left-wing and right-wing citizens
In Western European democracies opposition to the European Union is commonly found at the ideological extremes. Yet, the Euroscepticism of radical left-wing and radical right-wing parties has been shown to have distinct roots and manifestations. The article investigates whether these differences are mirrored at the citizen level. Using data from the European Election Study (2009/2014) and the European Social Survey (2008/2012) in 15 West European…
Ideological congruence and socio-economic inequality
This study examines whether or not political representation in the Netherlands is biased toward the rich and higher educated by comparing the political orientations of members of parliament to those of the electorate. The analyses reveal stark differences in the representation of different socio-economic groups. The political views of elected national representatives are far more similar to those of rich, higher educated citizens than to those wi…
Political Representation and its Mechanisms: A Dynamic Left–Right Approach for the United Kingdom, 1976–2006
Some scholars use the ‘dynamic representation’ approach to test how much current policy changes reflect past public preferences. This article tests hypotheses derived from this approach in a left–right context for the United Kingdom from 1976 to 2006. This shows that government policy on the left–right scale shifts as public preferences change (‘rational anticipation’). Secondly, a public with right-wing preferences elects the Conservatives, who …
An ever wider gap in an ever closer union: Rising inequalities and euroscepticism in 12 West European democracies, 1975–2009
This article asks whether the trend towards greater inequality in European countries has led to an increase in euroscepticism. Traditionally amongst the most equal societies, West European countries have recently witnessed a stark increase in income inequality. European integration is often presented as one of the main driving factors of this development. This raises the question whether Europeans blame the EU for the widening gap between the ric…
The Causal Flow between Public Opinion and Policy: Government Responsiveness, Leadership, or Counter Movement
This article examines the causal relationship between public opinion and policy. Does opinion affect policy or is it the other way around? Three hypotheses take centre stage. The responsiveness hypothesis postulates that changes in public opinion lead to subsequent changes in policy in the same direction. The leadership hypothesis reverses the causal arrow and states that a change in policy results in a subsequent change in opinion in the same di…
Real but Unequal Representation in Welfare State Reform
Scholars have long debated whether welfare policymaking in industrialized democracies is responsive to citizen preferences and whether such policymaking is more responsive to rich than to poor citizens. Debate has been hampered, however, by difficulties in matching data on attitudes toward particular policies to data on changes in the generosity of actual policies. This article uses better, more targeted measures of policy change that allow more …
Consensus Democracy and Support for Populist Parties in Western Europe
Off the Fence, Onto the Bandwagon? A Large-Scale Survey Experiment on Effect of Real-Life Poll Outcomes on Subsequent Vote Intentions
Despite decades of scholarly inquiry, the debate on the existence of a bandwagon effect in politics remains undecided. This article aims to overcome the limitations of previous experimental and survey research. We test to what extent success in real-life polling outcomes of the previous weeks influences subsequent vote intentions. To this end, we designed a large-scale survey experiment among a diverse cross-section of the Dutch electorate ( N = …
The emergence of a ‘diploma democracy’? The political education gap in the Netherlands, 1971–2010
Does it Matter that Most Representatives are Higher Educated
On 1 June 2005, in the first Dutch national referendum in over 200 years, 62 percent of voters rejected the so-called ‘Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe’. They did so despite overwhelming elite support in favor of the constitutional treaty. In fact, 85 percent of the Dutch Second Chamber, the country's lower house of parliament, supported adoption of the treaty.1 How can we make sense of this utter lack of political agreement between …
Capturing Government Policy on the Left-Right Scale: Evidence from the United Kingdom, 1956-2006
The left-right scheme is the most widely used and parsimonious representation of political competition. Yet, long time series of the left-right position of governments are sparse. Existing methods are of limited use in dynamic settings due to insufficient time points which hinders the proper specification of time-series regressions. This article analyses legislative speeches in order to construct an annual left-right policy variable for Britain f…
The political representation of left-nationalist voters
Consensus Democracy and Support for Populist Parties in Western Europe
Capturing Government Policy on the Left-Right Scale: Evidence from the United Kingdom, 1956-2006
The left-right scheme is the most widely used and parsimonious representation of political competition. Yet, long time series of the left-right position of governments are sparse. Existing methods are of limited use in dynamic settings due to insufficient time points which hinders the proper specification of time-series regressions. This article analyses legislative speeches in order to construct an annual left-right policy variable for Britain f…
Political Representation and its Mechanisms: A Dynamic Left–Right Approach for the United Kingdom, 1976–2006
Some scholars use the ‘dynamic representation’ approach to test how much current policy changes reflect past public preferences. This article tests hypotheses derived from this approach in a left–right context for the United Kingdom from 1976 to 2006. This shows that government policy on the left–right scale shifts as public preferences change (‘rational anticipation’). Secondly, a public with right-wing preferences elects the Conservatives, who …
The emergence of a ‘diploma democracy’? The political education gap in the Netherlands, 1971–2010
Institutional Trust, Education, and Corruption: A Micro-Macro Interactive Approach
This article examines how the effect of education on institutional trust varies cross-nationally as a function of the pervasiveness of public-sector corruption. We approach institutional trust as a performance-based evaluation of political institutions. Given their greater capacity to accurately assess the level of corruption coupled with their stronger commitment to democratic values, we hypothesize that higher-educated citizens should react dif…
The Causal Flow between Public Opinion and Policy: Government Responsiveness, Leadership, or Counter Movement
This article examines the causal relationship between public opinion and policy. Does opinion affect policy or is it the other way around? Three hypotheses take centre stage. The responsiveness hypothesis postulates that changes in public opinion lead to subsequent changes in policy in the same direction. The leadership hypothesis reverses the causal arrow and states that a change in policy results in a subsequent change in opinion in the same di…
The Dynamics of Voters’ Left/Right Identification: The Role of Economic and Cultural Attitudes
The mobilization of culturally rooted issues has altered political competition throughout Western Europe. This article analyzes to what extent the mobilization of immigration issues has affected how people identify with politics. Specifically, it analyzes whether voters’ left/right self-identifications over the past 30 years increasingly correspond to cultural rather than economic attitudes. This study uses longitudinal data from the Netherlands …
Euroscepticism and education: A longitudinal study of 12 EU member states, 1973–2010
This study examines the relationship between educational attainment and euroscepticism from 1973 to 2010. Existing research has shown that, driven by utilitarian considerations, political cues and questions of collective identity, education and euroscepticism are negatively related. However, as the process of European unification has progressed, all three factors have become more salient, so we expect an increasing effect of education on euroscep…
An ever wider gap in an ever closer union: Rising inequalities and euroscepticism in 12 West European democracies, 1975–2009
This article asks whether the trend towards greater inequality in European countries has led to an increase in euroscepticism. Traditionally amongst the most equal societies, West European countries have recently witnessed a stark increase in income inequality. European integration is often presented as one of the main driving factors of this development. This raises the question whether Europeans blame the EU for the widening gap between the ric…
Off the Fence, Onto the Bandwagon? A Large-Scale Survey Experiment on Effect of Real-Life Poll Outcomes on Subsequent Vote Intentions
Despite decades of scholarly inquiry, the debate on the existence of a bandwagon effect in politics remains undecided. This article aims to overcome the limitations of previous experimental and survey research. We test to what extent success in real-life polling outcomes of the previous weeks influences subsequent vote intentions. To this end, we designed a large-scale survey experiment among a diverse cross-section of the Dutch electorate ( N = …
Does it Matter that Most Representatives are Higher Educated
On 1 June 2005, in the first Dutch national referendum in over 200 years, 62 percent of voters rejected the so-called ‘Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe’. They did so despite overwhelming elite support in favor of the constitutional treaty. In fact, 85 percent of the Dutch Second Chamber, the country's lower house of parliament, supported adoption of the treaty.1 How can we make sense of this utter lack of political agreement between …
United against a common foe? The nature and origins of Euroscepticism among left-wing and right-wing citizens
In Western European democracies opposition to the European Union is commonly found at the ideological extremes. Yet, the Euroscepticism of radical left-wing and radical right-wing parties has been shown to have distinct roots and manifestations. The article investigates whether these differences are mirrored at the citizen level. Using data from the European Election Study (2009/2014) and the European Social Survey (2008/2012) in 15 West European…
Political Trust as the Evaluation of Process and Performance: A Cross-National Study of 42 European Countries
This article extends and tests the trust-as-evaluation approach that is dominant in political science. Citizens supposedly grant and withhold trust in politics based on an assessment of its merits. We argue that the relevance of performances and processes should be conditional on the values that citizens hold dear and the accuracy with which they perceive them. Through multilevel analyses of the European Value Survey 2008, we model the (condition…
Ideological Congruence and Citizen Satisfaction: Evidence From 25 Advanced Democracies
Ideological congruence is an important and popular measure of the quality of political representation. The closer the match between the preferences of the public and those of elected elites, the better representative democracy is thought to function. Relatively little attention has been paid, however, to the effects of ideological congruence on political judgment. We address this gap by examining whether citizens use egocentric or sociotropic jud…
Ideological congruence and socio-economic inequality
This study examines whether or not political representation in the Netherlands is biased toward the rich and higher educated by comparing the political orientations of members of parliament to those of the electorate. The analyses reveal stark differences in the representation of different socio-economic groups. The political views of elected national representatives are far more similar to those of rich, higher educated citizens than to those wi…
Real but Unequal Representation in Welfare State Reform
Scholars have long debated whether welfare policymaking in industrialized democracies is responsive to citizen preferences and whether such policymaking is more responsive to rich than to poor citizens. Debate has been hampered, however, by difficulties in matching data on attitudes toward particular policies to data on changes in the generosity of actual policies. This article uses better, more targeted measures of policy change that allow more …
The political representation of left-nationalist voters
What Explains Voting for Denk: Issues, Discrimination or In-group Favouritism
Why do ethnic and religious minorities vote for DENK? DENK is the first pro-Turkey and pro-Islam party represented in Dutch parliament, led by Turkish- and Moroccan-origin politicians who openly profess to practicing Islam. Drawing on an original survey (N= 905) among Dutch voters in which we oversampled those with Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese roots, we put three possible explanations to the test: issues, discrimination and in-group favouriti…
Stable or variable distrust? Disentangling the relationship between political trust and electoral behavior
Low political trust disengages citizens from mainstream politics, stimulating anti-establishment voting and even electoral abstention. However, existing scholarship has largely overlooked the temporal dynamics of political trust. Next to high versus low trust, our study identifies two additional components of political trust: its long-term variability and its short-term variation. We employ fifteen waves of the Dutch LISS panel (2008–2023) to sys…
Politics (19 works) · Political science (18 works) · Law (17 works) · Law (17 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (16 works) · Economics (13 works) · Political economy (12 works) · Democracy (10 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Populism, Right-Wing Movements (7 works)