Joseph R Berger
Biographic Data
| ID | 3421522 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Joseph R Berger |
| GIVEN NAMES | Joseph R |
| FAMILY NAME | Berger |
| SIGNATURE | BERGER J R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stanford University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0260-2430 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 765 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1967 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Expectation States Theory
Expectation states theory is a theoretical research program concerned with processes by which social actors draw status and other information from their environment and organize that information into expectation states that determine their interaction with others. It encompasses areas as diverse as status organization, justice, and rewards, legitimation, the construction of status differences, and the role of significant others in self‐evaluation…
Diffuse Status Characteristics and the Spread of Status Value
The authors present a formal theory of the social construction of diffuse status characteristics. The theory is formulated within the framework of earlier work on status construction by Ridgeway and others and uses the mathematical framework of the theory of status characteristics and expectation states. This theory describes how an initially nonvalued characteristic can acquire status value and generalized expectation states from its association…
Status cues and the formation of expectations
Evaluations, Enactment, and Expectations
This paper elaborates and refines a theory of evaluations and expectations by Fisek, Berger, and Norman which is an integration of status characteristics and expectation states theory with source theory. The elaboration of evaluations and expectations theory is achieved by incorporating ideas from Moore's role enactment and second-order expectations theory. The new formulation can generate predictions for situations where the sources of evaluatio…
Construction of Status and Referential Structures
Beliefs about diverse status characteristics have a common core content of performance capacities and qualities made up of two features: hierarchy (superior/inferior capacities) and role-differentiation (instrumental/expressive qualities). Whatever the status characteristic, its more-valued state tends to be defined as superior and instrumental, and the less-valued state tends to be defined as inferior but expressive. We account for this in terms…
Theory and Formalization
I describe in this paper some of my efforts in developing formal theories of social processes. These include work on models of occupational mobility, on models to describe the emergence of expectations out of performance evaluations, and on the graph theory formulation of the Status Characteristics theory. Not all models have been equally significant in developing theory. However, the graph theory formulation has played a central role in the grow…
Status, Power, and Legitimacy
The Legitimation and Delegitimation of Power and Prestige Orders
Building on the work of Cecilia L. Ridgeway and J. Berger, the authors construct a set of assumptions that describe how the legitimation and delegitimation of informal power and prestige orders can be created in task oriented situations. Their conception is a multilevel one. Cultural beliefs begin the process by shaping the likelihood that one actor treats another with honorific deference. But to result in legitimacy, this process must be carried…
Two Issues in the Assessment of the Adequacy of Formal Sociological Models of Human Behavior
Theoretical Research Programs
Evaluations and the Formation of Expectations
This article presents a theoretical formulation that integrates two theories within the expectation states program-status characteristics and expectation states theory and source theory. The integration is carried out within the mathematical framework of status characteristics theory, and the mathematical formulation that is an integral part of that theory is extended. The formulation makes it possible to explain and describe the power and presti…
Expectations, Theory, and Group Processes
The author describes his career and the growth of the Expectation States research program. This talk was delivered when Joseph Berger received the Cooley-Mead Award from the Social Psychology Section of the American Sociological Association in 1991. This WP was published by the author (1992)
Status Inconsistency in Task Situations
People working together on a task attend to one another's ascribed and achieved status attributes and other characteristics that differentiate them. On the basis of these characteristics, people form performance expectations for themselves and each other regarding the task at hand. When the evaluated states of these characteristics are consistent, the broad outlines of this process are straightforward; when these states are inconsistent, the prin…
Participation in Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Groups
This article presents a theoretical formulation that integrates, within the framework of expectation states theory, theories of the emergence of power-and-prestige orders in status-heterogeneous and homogeneous task-oriented groups. A model based on this theoretical formulation is construted and used for predicting participation rates in open interaction settings. The article explores the fit of the moel to data from both status-heterogeneous and…
Expectations, Legitimation, and Dominance Behavior in Task Groups
This paper proposes an expectation states theory of the legitimation of power and prestige orders in task groups. Valued status positions are a reward for those whose distribution members develop expectations. The more differentiated these expectations, the more likely that the power and prestige order will be treated as legitimate. Applying our formulation to various types of group structures we derive a set of theoretical assertions that relate…
Do Status Interventions Persist
A body of research within the status characteristics and expectation states program is concerned with eliminating status disadvantages in a single, collective group-task situation. The present work attempts to determine the extent to which such status interventions will transfer across different group tasks and partners. We argue that this problem can be solved using the theory of status characteristics and expectation states by extending the the…
Theorie des Kommunikativen Handelns
Any survey of social theory over the last two decades readily reveals that it remains under the firm control of functionalism. Though there have been significant inroads on the part of, e.g., French structuralism, they were never quite accepted by mainstream sociology. Critical Theory has restricted itself to merely nurturing its tradition, and "genuine" Marxism, which during the protest movements caused some disturbance with its critique of "bou…
Theoretical Consequences of the Status Characteristics Formulation
In this paper we derive five major theorems from the latest version of the status characteristics theory developed by Berger, Fisek, and Norman. The first set of three theorems is concerned with the effect of status characteristics on the degree of equality and inequality that obtains among the members of a task group. Included here is a result that establishes a direct relation between status inconsistency and power and prestige equality. The se…
Status Organizing Processes
This chapter reviews theory and research on status organizing processes. A status organizing process is any process in which evaluations of and beliefs about the characteristics of actors become the basis of observable inequalities in face-to-face social interaction. The key concept in the study of status organizing processes is the status characteristic, any characteristic of actors around which evaluations of and beliefs about them come to be o…
Status Characteristics and Social Interaction
Status Characteristics and Social Interaction
Paths of Relevance and the Determination of Power and Prestige Orders
Decision-Making and Social Influence
Status Organizing Processes
This chapter reviews theory and research on status organizing processes. A status organizing process is any process in which evaluations of and beliefs about the characteristics of actors become the basis of observable inequalities in face-to-face social interaction. The key concept in the study of status organizing processes is the status characteristic, any characteristic of actors around which evaluations of and beliefs about them come to be o…
Expectations, Legitimation, and Dominance Behavior in Task Groups
This paper proposes an expectation states theory of the legitimation of power and prestige orders in task groups. Valued status positions are a reward for those whose distribution members develop expectations. The more differentiated these expectations, the more likely that the power and prestige order will be treated as legitimate. Applying our formulation to various types of group structures we derive a set of theoretical assertions that relate…
The Legitimation and Delegitimation of Power and Prestige Orders
Building on the work of Cecilia L. Ridgeway and J. Berger, the authors construct a set of assumptions that describe how the legitimation and delegitimation of informal power and prestige orders can be created in task oriented situations. Their conception is a multilevel one. Cultural beliefs begin the process by shaping the likelihood that one actor treats another with honorific deference. But to result in legitimacy, this process must be carried…
Participation in Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Groups
This article presents a theoretical formulation that integrates, within the framework of expectation states theory, theories of the emergence of power-and-prestige orders in status-heterogeneous and homogeneous task-oriented groups. A model based on this theoretical formulation is construted and used for predicting participation rates in open interaction settings. The article explores the fit of the moel to data from both status-heterogeneous and…
Status Inconsistency in Task Situations
People working together on a task attend to one another's ascribed and achieved status attributes and other characteristics that differentiate them. On the basis of these characteristics, people form performance expectations for themselves and each other regarding the task at hand. When the evaluated states of these characteristics are consistent, the broad outlines of this process are straightforward; when these states are inconsistent, the prin…
Do Status Interventions Persist
A body of research within the status characteristics and expectation states program is concerned with eliminating status disadvantages in a single, collective group-task situation. The present work attempts to determine the extent to which such status interventions will transfer across different group tasks and partners. We argue that this problem can be solved using the theory of status characteristics and expectation states by extending the the…
Diffuse Status Characteristics and the Spread of Status Value
The authors present a formal theory of the social construction of diffuse status characteristics. The theory is formulated within the framework of earlier work on status construction by Ridgeway and others and uses the mathematical framework of the theory of status characteristics and expectation states. This theory describes how an initially nonvalued characteristic can acquire status value and generalized expectation states from its association…
Construction of Status and Referential Structures
Beliefs about diverse status characteristics have a common core content of performance capacities and qualities made up of two features: hierarchy (superior/inferior capacities) and role-differentiation (instrumental/expressive qualities). Whatever the status characteristic, its more-valued state tends to be defined as superior and instrumental, and the less-valued state tends to be defined as inferior but expressive. We account for this in terms…
Evaluations and the Formation of Expectations
This article presents a theoretical formulation that integrates two theories within the expectation states program-status characteristics and expectation states theory and source theory. The integration is carried out within the mathematical framework of status characteristics theory, and the mathematical formulation that is an integral part of that theory is extended. The formulation makes it possible to explain and describe the power and presti…
Theoretical Consequences of the Status Characteristics Formulation
In this paper we derive five major theorems from the latest version of the status characteristics theory developed by Berger, Fisek, and Norman. The first set of three theorems is concerned with the effect of status characteristics on the degree of equality and inequality that obtains among the members of a task group. Included here is a result that establishes a direct relation between status inconsistency and power and prestige equality. The se…
Status cues and the formation of expectations
Decision-Making and Social Influence
Theorie des Kommunikativen Handelns
Any survey of social theory over the last two decades readily reveals that it remains under the firm control of functionalism. Though there have been significant inroads on the part of, e.g., French structuralism, they were never quite accepted by mainstream sociology. Critical Theory has restricted itself to merely nurturing its tradition, and "genuine" Marxism, which during the protest movements caused some disturbance with its critique of "bou…
Evaluations, Enactment, and Expectations
This paper elaborates and refines a theory of evaluations and expectations by Fisek, Berger, and Norman which is an integration of status characteristics and expectation states theory with source theory. The elaboration of evaluations and expectations theory is achieved by incorporating ideas from Moore's role enactment and second-order expectations theory. The new formulation can generate predictions for situations where the sources of evaluatio…
Paths of Relevance and the Determination of Power and Prestige Orders
Expectation States Theory
Expectation states theory is a theoretical research program concerned with processes by which social actors draw status and other information from their environment and organize that information into expectation states that determine their interaction with others. It encompasses areas as diverse as status organization, justice, and rewards, legitimation, the construction of status differences, and the role of significant others in self‐evaluation…
Status Characteristics and Social Interaction
Expectations, Theory, and Group Processes
The author describes his career and the growth of the Expectation States research program. This talk was delivered when Joseph Berger received the Cooley-Mead Award from the Social Psychology Section of the American Sociological Association in 1991. This WP was published by the author (1992)
Theory and Formalization
I describe in this paper some of my efforts in developing formal theories of social processes. These include work on models of occupational mobility, on models to describe the emergence of expectations out of performance evaluations, and on the graph theory formulation of the Status Characteristics theory. Not all models have been equally significant in developing theory. However, the graph theory formulation has played a central role in the grow…
Two Issues in the Assessment of the Adequacy of Formal Sociological Models of Human Behavior
Decision-Making and Social Influence
Paths of Relevance and the Determination of Power and Prestige Orders
Status Characteristics and Social Interaction
Status Characteristics and Social Interaction
Status Organizing Processes
This chapter reviews theory and research on status organizing processes. A status organizing process is any process in which evaluations of and beliefs about the characteristics of actors become the basis of observable inequalities in face-to-face social interaction. The key concept in the study of status organizing processes is the status characteristic, any characteristic of actors around which evaluations of and beliefs about them come to be o…
Theoretical Consequences of the Status Characteristics Formulation
In this paper we derive five major theorems from the latest version of the status characteristics theory developed by Berger, Fisek, and Norman. The first set of three theorems is concerned with the effect of status characteristics on the degree of equality and inequality that obtains among the members of a task group. Included here is a result that establishes a direct relation between status inconsistency and power and prestige equality. The se…
Theorie des Kommunikativen Handelns
Any survey of social theory over the last two decades readily reveals that it remains under the firm control of functionalism. Though there have been significant inroads on the part of, e.g., French structuralism, they were never quite accepted by mainstream sociology. Critical Theory has restricted itself to merely nurturing its tradition, and "genuine" Marxism, which during the protest movements caused some disturbance with its critique of "bou…
Do Status Interventions Persist
A body of research within the status characteristics and expectation states program is concerned with eliminating status disadvantages in a single, collective group-task situation. The present work attempts to determine the extent to which such status interventions will transfer across different group tasks and partners. We argue that this problem can be solved using the theory of status characteristics and expectation states by extending the the…
Expectations, Legitimation, and Dominance Behavior in Task Groups
This paper proposes an expectation states theory of the legitimation of power and prestige orders in task groups. Valued status positions are a reward for those whose distribution members develop expectations. The more differentiated these expectations, the more likely that the power and prestige order will be treated as legitimate. Applying our formulation to various types of group structures we derive a set of theoretical assertions that relate…
Participation in Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Groups
This article presents a theoretical formulation that integrates, within the framework of expectation states theory, theories of the emergence of power-and-prestige orders in status-heterogeneous and homogeneous task-oriented groups. A model based on this theoretical formulation is construted and used for predicting participation rates in open interaction settings. The article explores the fit of the moel to data from both status-heterogeneous and…
Expectations, Theory, and Group Processes
The author describes his career and the growth of the Expectation States research program. This talk was delivered when Joseph Berger received the Cooley-Mead Award from the Social Psychology Section of the American Sociological Association in 1991. This WP was published by the author (1992)
Status Inconsistency in Task Situations
People working together on a task attend to one another's ascribed and achieved status attributes and other characteristics that differentiate them. On the basis of these characteristics, people form performance expectations for themselves and each other regarding the task at hand. When the evaluated states of these characteristics are consistent, the broad outlines of this process are straightforward; when these states are inconsistent, the prin…
Evaluations and the Formation of Expectations
This article presents a theoretical formulation that integrates two theories within the expectation states program-status characteristics and expectation states theory and source theory. The integration is carried out within the mathematical framework of status characteristics theory, and the mathematical formulation that is an integral part of that theory is extended. The formulation makes it possible to explain and describe the power and presti…
Theoretical Research Programs
Two Issues in the Assessment of the Adequacy of Formal Sociological Models of Human Behavior
The Legitimation and Delegitimation of Power and Prestige Orders
Building on the work of Cecilia L. Ridgeway and J. Berger, the authors construct a set of assumptions that describe how the legitimation and delegitimation of informal power and prestige orders can be created in task oriented situations. Their conception is a multilevel one. Cultural beliefs begin the process by shaping the likelihood that one actor treats another with honorific deference. But to result in legitimacy, this process must be carried…
Status, Power, and Legitimacy
Theory and Formalization
I describe in this paper some of my efforts in developing formal theories of social processes. These include work on models of occupational mobility, on models to describe the emergence of expectations out of performance evaluations, and on the graph theory formulation of the Status Characteristics theory. Not all models have been equally significant in developing theory. However, the graph theory formulation has played a central role in the grow…
Evaluations, Enactment, and Expectations
This paper elaborates and refines a theory of evaluations and expectations by Fisek, Berger, and Norman which is an integration of status characteristics and expectation states theory with source theory. The elaboration of evaluations and expectations theory is achieved by incorporating ideas from Moore's role enactment and second-order expectations theory. The new formulation can generate predictions for situations where the sources of evaluatio…
Construction of Status and Referential Structures
Beliefs about diverse status characteristics have a common core content of performance capacities and qualities made up of two features: hierarchy (superior/inferior capacities) and role-differentiation (instrumental/expressive qualities). Whatever the status characteristic, its more-valued state tends to be defined as superior and instrumental, and the less-valued state tends to be defined as inferior but expressive. We account for this in terms…
Status cues and the formation of expectations
Diffuse Status Characteristics and the Spread of Status Value
The authors present a formal theory of the social construction of diffuse status characteristics. The theory is formulated within the framework of earlier work on status construction by Ridgeway and others and uses the mathematical framework of the theory of status characteristics and expectation states. This theory describes how an initially nonvalued characteristic can acquire status value and generalized expectation states from its association…
Expectation States Theory
Expectation states theory is a theoretical research program concerned with processes by which social actors draw status and other information from their environment and organize that information into expectation states that determine their interaction with others. It encompasses areas as diverse as status organization, justice, and rewards, legitimation, the construction of status differences, and the role of significant others in self‐evaluation…
Psychology (17 works) · Social Power and Status Dynamics (17 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (12 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Economics (9 works) · Law (8 works) · Political science (8 works) · Social and Cultural Dynamics (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works)