Franklin G Miller
Biographic Data
| ID | 3446919 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Franklin G Miller |
| GIVEN NAMES | Franklin G |
| FAMILY NAME | Miller |
| SIGNATURE | MILLER F G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Purdue University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5942-1991 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 39 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
A worthwhile wager
There is increasing evidence for the use of open-label placebo (OLP) as an effective and safe treatment for a range of chronic conditions. OLP is generally conceived as an ethical alternative to classic placebo treatment because patients know that they are taking a placebo and are hence not deceived. However, despite its potential benefits and lack of side effects, the paradoxical nature of OLP may make it difficult to propose as a treatment opti…
Xenotransplantation
Xenotransplantation is increasingly touted as the solution to the organ crisis. Some bioethicists, however, have raised concerns about xenotransplantation's implications for health justice and animal welfare. We develop and sharpen these worries, and we explore how they might be mitigated. We compare xenotransplantation with several alternatives for addressing the organ crisis, including directing more money toward public health interventions, an…
It Is Time to Abandon the Dogma That Brain Death Is Biological Death
Drawing on a recent case report of a pregnant, brain‐dead woman who gave birth to a healthy child after over seven months of intensive care treatment, this essay rejects the established doctrine in medicine that brain death constitutes the biological death of the human being. The essay describes three policy options with respect to determination of death and vital organ transplantation in the case of patients who are irreversibly comatose but rem…
Liberty and Protection of Society During a Pandemic
John Stuart Mill's classic text, On Liberty, maps the scope and limits on individual freedom. His "harm principle"-that liberty can be legitimately restricted by government or society only to prevent harm to others-has had a great influence on contemporary public health ethics. This essay examines Mill's philosophy of liberty as it pertains to public health interventions in response to the coronavirus pandemic. Particular applications include exa…
Introduction to the Special Issue on the Belmont Report
The Ethics of Everyday Life in the Midst of a Pandemic
Elderly individuals are at higher risk of serious illness and death if they become infected by the coronavirus. During the current pandemic, my wife and I, at ages seventy‐two and seventy‐one, respectively, have been paying a person laid off from a job to purchase groceries—a practice that exposes the shopper to risk of infection for our benefit. In this essay, I examine this practice with respect to the normative concepts of treating another per…
The Ethics of Infection Challenges in Primates
In the midst of the recent Ebola outbreak, scientific developments involving infection challenge experiments on nonhuman primates (NHPs) sparked hope that successful treatments and vaccines may soon become available. Yet these studies pose a stark ethical quandary. On the one hand, they represent an important step in developing novel therapies and vaccines for Ebola and the Marburg virus, with the potential to save thousands of human lives and to…
When and Why Is Research without Consent Permissible
The view that research with competent adults requires valid consent to be ethical perhaps finds its clearest expression in the Nuremberg Code, whose famous first principle asserts that “the voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential.” In a similar vein, the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights states that “no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation…
Ethical Rationale for the Ebola “Ring Vaccination” Trial Design
The 2014 Ebola virus epidemic is the largest and most severe ever recorded. With no approved vaccines or specific treatments for Ebola, clinical trials were launched within months of the epidemic in an unprecedented show of global partnership. One of these trials used a highly innovative “ring vaccination” design. The design was chosen for operational, scientific, and ethical reasons—in particular, it was regarded as ethically superior to individ…
In Memoriam
A Prescription for Ethical Learning
We argued last year in this journal that extensive integration of research and care is a worthy goal of health system design, and we second the call from Ruth Faden and colleagues to move toward learning health care systems. As they recognize, learning health care systems demand the coordination of research and medical ethics—two sets of normative commitments that have long been considered distinct. In offering a novel ethics framework for such s…
The Research-Clinical Practice Distinction, Learning Health Systems, and Relationships
A special report of The Hastings Center and the Association of American Medical Colleges addressed the ethical oversight of learning health systems, which seek to combine high-quality patient care with routine data collection aimed at improving patient outcomes. The report contained two position papers, authored by a number of distinguished bioethicists, and several commentaries. The position papers urged two changes. First, they urged a rethinki…
Can Research and Care Be Ethically Integrated
Medical ethics assumes a clear boundary between clinical research and clinical medicine: one produces knowledge for the benefit of future patients, while the other provides optimal care to individuals right now. It also assumes that the two cannot be integrated without sacrificing the needs of the current patient to those of future patients. But integration could allow us to provide better care to everyone, now and in the future
The Nocebo Effect and Its Relevance for Clinical Practice
Negative expectations deriving from the clinical encounter can produce negative outcomes, known as nocebo effects. Specifically, research on the nocebo effect indicates that information disclosure about potential side effects can itself contribute to producing adverse effects. Neurobiological processes play a role in the nocebo effect, and this article provides a selective review of mechanistic research on the nocebo effect. Comparatively little …
Factors That Influence Practitioners' Interpretations of Evidence From Alternative Medicine Trials
BACKGROUND: Clinical trial evidence in controversial areas such as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) must be approached with an open mind. OBJECTIVE: To determine what factors may influence practitioners' interpretation of evidence from CAM trials. RESEARCH DESIGN: In a mailed survey of 2400 US CAM and conventional medicine practitioners we included 2 hypothetical factorial vignettes of positive and negative research results for CAM cl…
The ethics of consent
Coverage With Evidence Development
Coverage with evidence development (CED) is an evolving method of providing provisional access to novel medical interventions while generating the evidence needed to determine whether unconditional coverage is warranted. In this article we review the policy rationale for CED and present a normative analysis that addresses ethical concerns and policy implications
Ethical Issues in Community-Based Participatory Research
Growing use of CBPR raises two new ethical issues that deserve greater public attention: first, the problem of securing informed consent and demonstrating respect for community autonomy when the locus of research shifts from the individual to community level; and second, fair distribution of scarce public resources when practical constraints make the most rigorous research designs for assessing the effects of community interventions virtually imp…
Justice and Fairness in the Kennedy Krieger Institute Lead Paint Study
The Kennedy Krieger lead paint study stirred controversial questions about whether research designed to develop less expensive interventions that are not as effective as existing treatments can be ethically warranted. Critics questioned the social value of such research and alleged that it sanctions a double standard, exploits participants, and is complicit in perpetuating the social injustice. In response, we demonstrate the propriety of conduct…
Placebo Research and the Spirit of Informed Consent
Department of Clinical Bioethics; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland The opinions expressed are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policy of the National Institutes of Health, the Public Health Service, or the US Department of Health and Human Services
Assessing the Ethics of Ethics Research
Clinical Equipoise and the Therapeutic Misconception
A Critique of Clinical Equipoise
A predominant ethical view holds that physician-investigators should conduct their research with therapeutic intent. And since a physician offering a therapy wouldn't prescribe second-rate treatments, the experimental intervention and the best proven therapy should appear equally effective. "Clinical equipoise" is necessary. But this perspective is flawed. The ethics of research and of therapy are fundamentally different, and clinical equipoise s…
Enrolling Decisionally Impaired Adults in Clinical Research
Progress in diagnosing, treating, and preventing medical conditions that impair decision-making abilities depends on clinical research involving individuals who may be either unable to or have diminished ability to give informed consent. Such research, however, raises ethical concern and controversy about the potential exploitation of these vulnerable individuals. This article addresses a range of ethical and practical issues concerning the enrol…
Adverstising for Clinical Research
Ethical Issues in Community-Based Participatory Research
Growing use of CBPR raises two new ethical issues that deserve greater public attention: first, the problem of securing informed consent and demonstrating respect for community autonomy when the locus of research shifts from the individual to community level; and second, fair distribution of scarce public resources when practical constraints make the most rigorous research designs for assessing the effects of community interventions virtually imp…
Perceived and Actual Locus of Control Similarity among Friends
Internal and external locus-of-control individuals supplied the name and address of their "best friend" who was then asked to complete a locus-of-control scale. While friends predicted locus-of-control similarity, no actual similarity existed between them. These results are discussed in light of an attraction-friendship continuum
Ethical Rationale for the Ebola “Ring Vaccination” Trial Design
The 2014 Ebola virus epidemic is the largest and most severe ever recorded. With no approved vaccines or specific treatments for Ebola, clinical trials were launched within months of the epidemic in an unprecedented show of global partnership. One of these trials used a highly innovative “ring vaccination” design. The design was chosen for operational, scientific, and ethical reasons—in particular, it was regarded as ethically superior to individ…
Justice and Fairness in the Kennedy Krieger Institute Lead Paint Study
The Kennedy Krieger lead paint study stirred controversial questions about whether research designed to develop less expensive interventions that are not as effective as existing treatments can be ethically warranted. Critics questioned the social value of such research and alleged that it sanctions a double standard, exploits participants, and is complicit in perpetuating the social injustice. In response, we demonstrate the propriety of conduct…
Mail Survey Return as a Function of Locus of Control Orientation
Halloween Masks and Deindividuation
Diener, Fraser, Beaman. and Kelem (1976) examined the effects of anonymity. group presence. and assignment of responsibility on stealing by trick-or-treating children. To create a nonanonymous condition, the experimenter identified each child and address. In the anonymous cells, the costumed children were nor identified. They found significantly more stealing when the children remained anonymous. The results were interpreted as support for Zimbar…
Instrumental Conditioning Using Attitudinal Reinforcement as a Function of Locus of Control
34 subjects who scored internally and 34 externally on locus of control learned an instrumental response the reinforcement for which was listening to another person yield (large magnitude of reinforcement) or disagree (small magnitude of reinforcement). Contrary to previous evidence locus of control did not influence conditioning of response speed
Attire, Sex-Roles, and Responses to Requests for Directions
As expected responses of 90 middle-aged men to a request for directions were influenced by the female experimenter's attire
Perceived and Actual Locus of Control Similarity among Friends
Internal and external locus-of-control individuals supplied the name and address of their "best friend" who was then asked to complete a locus-of-control scale. While friends predicted locus-of-control similarity, no actual similarity existed between them. These results are discussed in light of an attraction-friendship continuum
Control and Belief in the Just World
The just world hypothesis provides an explanation for the finding that observers derogate victims. By admitting the appropriateness of a victim's fate., observers may develop a sense of control over the possibility of similar fates. Two experiments investigated the relationship between, the magnitude of motivation for control over the environment and tendency to derogate victims. In Experiment One, situational controllability and uncontrollabilit…
Do Moral Experts Exist
Peter G. McAllen and Richard Delgado present a judicious analysis of considerations for and against recognizing expert testimony in court on moral issues (Moral Experts in the Courtroom, Hastings Center Report, February 1984, pp. 27-34). Although they raise doubts about whether morality admits of expertise, they conclude that in some difficult cases persons posing as moral experts may offer useful testimony. I do not dispute that thoughtful indiv…
Professional Integrity and Physician-Assisted Death
The practice of voluntary physician-assisted death as a last resort is compatible with doctors' duties to practice competently, to avoid harming patients unduly, to refrain from medical fraud, and to preserve patients' trust. It therefore does not violate physicians' professional integrity
Criticism or Caricature
The Bias of Burden
An Open Future
isoelectric EEG and yet live for many years. Dr. White seems to be implying that we should simply ignore the frequent finding of intact neurohormonal function in patients diagnosed as brain dead. If regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance within a narrow tolerance does not represent intricate brain functioning, then what should we think of such relatively simple reflexes as pupillary constriction in response to light? No one can su…
Protocol Review within the Context of a Research Program
Adverstising for Clinical Research
Enrolling Decisionally Impaired Adults in Clinical Research
Progress in diagnosing, treating, and preventing medical conditions that impair decision-making abilities depends on clinical research involving individuals who may be either unable to or have diminished ability to give informed consent. Such research, however, raises ethical concern and controversy about the potential exploitation of these vulnerable individuals. This article addresses a range of ethical and practical issues concerning the enrol…
Clinical Equipoise and the Therapeutic Misconception
A Critique of Clinical Equipoise
A predominant ethical view holds that physician-investigators should conduct their research with therapeutic intent. And since a physician offering a therapy wouldn't prescribe second-rate treatments, the experimental intervention and the best proven therapy should appear equally effective. "Clinical equipoise" is necessary. But this perspective is flawed. The ethics of research and of therapy are fundamentally different, and clinical equipoise s…
Assessing the Ethics of Ethics Research
Placebo Research and the Spirit of Informed Consent
Department of Clinical Bioethics; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland The opinions expressed are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policy of the National Institutes of Health, the Public Health Service, or the US Department of Health and Human Services
Justice and Fairness in the Kennedy Krieger Institute Lead Paint Study
The Kennedy Krieger lead paint study stirred controversial questions about whether research designed to develop less expensive interventions that are not as effective as existing treatments can be ethically warranted. Critics questioned the social value of such research and alleged that it sanctions a double standard, exploits participants, and is complicit in perpetuating the social injustice. In response, we demonstrate the propriety of conduct…
Ethical Issues in Community-Based Participatory Research
Growing use of CBPR raises two new ethical issues that deserve greater public attention: first, the problem of securing informed consent and demonstrating respect for community autonomy when the locus of research shifts from the individual to community level; and second, fair distribution of scarce public resources when practical constraints make the most rigorous research designs for assessing the effects of community interventions virtually imp…
Coverage With Evidence Development
Coverage with evidence development (CED) is an evolving method of providing provisional access to novel medical interventions while generating the evidence needed to determine whether unconditional coverage is warranted. In this article we review the policy rationale for CED and present a normative analysis that addresses ethical concerns and policy implications
The ethics of consent
Factors That Influence Practitioners' Interpretations of Evidence From Alternative Medicine Trials
BACKGROUND: Clinical trial evidence in controversial areas such as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) must be approached with an open mind. OBJECTIVE: To determine what factors may influence practitioners' interpretation of evidence from CAM trials. RESEARCH DESIGN: In a mailed survey of 2400 US CAM and conventional medicine practitioners we included 2 hypothetical factorial vignettes of positive and negative research results for CAM cl…
Can Research and Care Be Ethically Integrated
Medical ethics assumes a clear boundary between clinical research and clinical medicine: one produces knowledge for the benefit of future patients, while the other provides optimal care to individuals right now. It also assumes that the two cannot be integrated without sacrificing the needs of the current patient to those of future patients. But integration could allow us to provide better care to everyone, now and in the future
The Nocebo Effect and Its Relevance for Clinical Practice
Negative expectations deriving from the clinical encounter can produce negative outcomes, known as nocebo effects. Specifically, research on the nocebo effect indicates that information disclosure about potential side effects can itself contribute to producing adverse effects. Neurobiological processes play a role in the nocebo effect, and this article provides a selective review of mechanistic research on the nocebo effect. Comparatively little …
Psychology (28 works) · Medicine (20 works) · Political science (15 works) · Law (14 works) · Ethics in medical practice (12 works) · Ethics in Clinical Research (10 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Alternative medicine (7 works) · Engineering ethics (7 works) · Nursing (7 works)