George S Howard
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3453770 |
|---|---|
| NOME | George S Howard |
| PRENOMES | George S |
| SOBRENOME | Howard |
| ASSINATURA | HOWARD G S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Notre Dame |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7181-8454 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 55 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 363 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 55 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1977 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Science plods forward
The present and future of methodology and statistics in psychology
Is psychology suffering from a replication crisis? What does “failure to replicate” really mean
Psychology has recently been viewed as facing a replication crisis because efforts to replicate past study findings frequently do not show the same result. Often, the first study showed a statistically significant result but the replication does not. Questions then arise about whether the first study results were false positives, and whether the replication study correctly indicates that there is truly no effect after all. This article suggests t…
Normal disabilities
Human behavioral contributions to climate change
We are facing rapid changes in the global climate, and these changes are attributable to human behavior. Humans produce this global impact through our use of natural resources, multiplied by the vast increase in population seen in the past 50 to 100 years. Our goal in this article is to examine the underlying psychosocial causes of human impact, primarily through patterns of reproduction and consumption. We identify and distinguish individual, so…
Psychology's contributions to understanding and addressing global climate change
Global climate change poses one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in this century. This article, which introduces the American Psychologist special issue on global climate change, follows from the report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on the Interface Between Psychology and Global Climate Change. In this article, we place psychological dimensions of climate change within the broader context of human dimensions of cl…
Plus Thirty or Forty Years
What makes discourse scholarly
The Bierman and Lobach comment (this issue) is a wonderful example of how scholarly discourse ought to proceed. We agree with fully 95% of what they said. On a few of their points, we have addition
Finding and correcting flawed research literatures
Humanistic psychology has always viewed scientific psychology with skepticism. Good reasons for this skepticism continuously appear. One is then left with the choice, Is a scientific approach to humans inherently wrongheaded? or Is scientific psychology an imperfect but improving enterprise? This article reviews another domain where research in scientific psychology proves misleading. Suppose a psychologist was asked a question such as, Is psycho…
Adapting human lifestyles for the 21st century
A number of ecological problems (e.g., global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation, acid rain) have been identified, which threaten to reduce the quality of human life in the 21st century. These problems are human produced, resulting primarily from over-population and over-consumption. Alterations in people's awareness, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors may stimulate changes in their political and economic systems, which in turn might foster t…
Discursive Psychology from the Viewpoint of Narrative Psychology
Individual Productivity and Impact in Developmental Psychology
Individual eminence in developmental psychology was examined through a textbook citation analysis conducted on 10 current textbooks. For the 285 leading authors in this textbook citation study, data on individual research productivity in psychology (from 1983 to 1991) and on a subset of six journals of special importance for developmental psychology were obtained from the PsycLIT data base. An estimate of the scholarly impact of these authors was…
Sex Must Be a Four-Letter Word
The author has previously proposed that the Catholic church reconsider its opposition to artificial methods of birth control in light of the growing threat of global overpopulation. He defends himself against the ensuing criticism of Andrews and Donahue. Andrews and this author share positions against the church's stand on birth control and its role in maintaining the status quo in collaboration with geopolitical power elites. It is clear through…
Reflections on Change in Science and Religion
Science and the Catholic church are both conservative, slow-to-change institutions. However, science has institutionalized procedures that ensure that ample amounts of criticism of currently accepted theories and methodologies will always be present. This arrangement of continuous conjectures and refutation in science ensures often slow but steady change. Because supporters often think of religions as trafficking in timeless truths, criticism of …
Why do people say nasty things about self‐reports
Why Would Someone Make Questionable Methodological Judgments
On Certain Blindnesses in Human Beings
Global overpopulation represents a common cause in all the man-made threats that face our planet. Reducing the geometric rate of growth in the human population will buy us extra time in dealing with all ecological threats. The various roles that counseling psychologists might play in advocating reproductive responsibility by humans are delineated
Individual Productivity and Impact in Counseling Psychology
Individual eminence in counseling psychology was examined through a textbook citation analysis conducted on four current textbooks and the three most recent Annual Review of Psychology chapters on counseling psychology. For the 223 leading authors in this textbook citation study, data on individual research productivity in psychology (from 1980 to 1990), and on a subset of eight journals of special importance for counseling psychology (also from …
Transforming Values into Actions
Overconsumption of nonrenewable natural resources (and the resulting pollution that the waste of energy produces) represents important ways in which the industrialized nations put stress on the earth's ecosystems. Several technologies to make better use of electrical energy for lighting, heating, and cooling are now available but dramatically underused by consumers. Three studies are reported that consider strategies to measure the cost efficienc…
Ecocounseling Psychology
A case is made for counseling psychologists to become involved in efforts to alter the trajectories of a number of disturbing human-produced ecological threats (i.e., deforestation, global warming, ozone depletion, etc.). Some reservations that counseling psychologists might have about becoming involved in ecocounseling psychology efforts are then addressed. Finally, the training, expertise, and professional values that counseling psychologists b…
Why William James Might be Considered the Founder of the Scientist-Practitioner Model
Willhelm Wundt has come to be known as the founder of experimental psychology. William James is seen as the founder of scientific psychology in America, largely because of the impact that The Principles of Psychology had on psychology in the United States. In seeing James as the central forebear of scientific psychology in this country, many applied psychologists have underestimated the importance of his contributions for their professional ambit…
Thoughts on Saving Our Planet
One does not pursue ecological activist efforts long before realizing that an impressive array of forces impede any change efforts. Several of the lessons learned from ecocounseling projects are discussed in detail. Finally, a careful analysis of conservation programs sponsored by public utilities are found to inadvertently produce economic hardships for the poor Part of the research agenda of ecocounseling psychologists might be to develop progr…
Sports Psychology
Projecting humanistic values into the future
The history of humanistic psychology is highlighted by protest against inappropriate excesses within psychology and in society. In the process, humanistic psychology has influenced the course of psychology and society. The place of three important humanistic themes — human freedom, dialogue with the humanities, and social activism — are portrayed in light of the specialty's past, and projected into society's future. Research on human freedom and …
Culture tales
Culture tales
Is psychology suffering from a replication crisis? What does “failure to replicate” really mean
Psychology has recently been viewed as facing a replication crisis because efforts to replicate past study findings frequently do not show the same result. Often, the first study showed a statistically significant result but the replication does not. Questions then arise about whether the first study results were false positives, and whether the replication study correctly indicates that there is truly no effect after all. This article suggests t…
Psychology's contributions to understanding and addressing global climate change
Global climate change poses one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in this century. This article, which introduces the American Psychologist special issue on global climate change, follows from the report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on the Interface Between Psychology and Global Climate Change. In this article, we place psychological dimensions of climate change within the broader context of human dimensions of cl…
Why do people say nasty things about self‐reports
Human behavioral contributions to climate change
We are facing rapid changes in the global climate, and these changes are attributable to human behavior. Humans produce this global impact through our use of natural resources, multiplied by the vast increase in population seen in the past 50 to 100 years. Our goal in this article is to examine the underlying psychosocial causes of human impact, primarily through patterns of reproduction and consumption. We identify and distinguish individual, so…
The Scientist-Practitioner in Counseling Psychology
This article presents a revised conception of research and practice in counseling psychology that (1) emphasizes the traditional activities of each role that have positive implications for the other role; (2) expands each role to bring each closer to the activities of the other; (3) highlights a number of practices in the humanities and other social sciences that can aid counseling psychologists in their efforts to further integrate research, the…
Adaptive Counseling and Therapy
This article presents an integrative model for selecting a progression of therapist styles as clients move through developmental stages during the course of counseling and psychotherapy. The model, Adaptive Counseling and Therapy (ACT), suggests an eclectic approach to the utilization of techniques in therapy. The ACT approach is compared and contrasted with other integrative models that suggest an eclectic practice of therapy, with both similari…
Adapting human lifestyles for the 21st century
A number of ecological problems (e.g., global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation, acid rain) have been identified, which threaten to reduce the quality of human life in the 21st century. These problems are human produced, resulting primarily from over-population and over-consumption. Alterations in people's awareness, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors may stimulate changes in their political and economic systems, which in turn might foster t…
Individual Productivity and Impact in Counseling Psychology
Individual eminence in counseling psychology was examined through a textbook citation analysis conducted on four current textbooks and the three most recent Annual Review of Psychology chapters on counseling psychology. For the 223 leading authors in this textbook citation study, data on individual research productivity in psychology (from 1980 to 1990), and on a subset of eight journals of special importance for counseling psychology (also from …
On Studying Humans
On Certain Blindnesses in Human Beings
Global overpopulation represents a common cause in all the man-made threats that face our planet. Reducing the geometric rate of growth in the human population will buy us extra time in dealing with all ecological threats. The various roles that counseling psychologists might play in advocating reproductive responsibility by humans are delineated
Ecocounseling Psychology
A case is made for counseling psychologists to become involved in efforts to alter the trajectories of a number of disturbing human-produced ecological threats (i.e., deforestation, global warming, ozone depletion, etc.). Some reservations that counseling psychologists might have about becoming involved in ecocounseling psychology efforts are then addressed. Finally, the training, expertise, and professional values that counseling psychologists b…
Transforming Values into Actions
Overconsumption of nonrenewable natural resources (and the resulting pollution that the waste of energy produces) represents important ways in which the industrialized nations put stress on the earth's ecosystems. Several technologies to make better use of electrical energy for lighting, heating, and cooling are now available but dramatically underused by consumers. Three studies are reported that consider strategies to measure the cost efficienc…
Thoughts on Saving Our Planet
One does not pursue ecological activist efforts long before realizing that an impressive array of forces impede any change efforts. Several of the lessons learned from ecocounseling projects are discussed in detail. Finally, a careful analysis of conservation programs sponsored by public utilities are found to inadvertently produce economic hardships for the poor Part of the research agenda of ecocounseling psychologists might be to develop progr…
Implications of Covariance Structure Analysis (Lisrel) Versus Regression Models for Counseling Research
The advent of new types of multivariate techniques, such as covariance structureanalysis, has the potential for reshaping research on counseling processes.Covariance structure analysis is more theory driven and confirmatory in naturethan regression analysis. Following a description of its strengths and weaknesses, adetailed example is provided showing how the use of covariance structure analysiscan improve research sophistication and theory devel…
Evaluation of a group program designed to increase androgyny in feminine women
Why William James Might be Considered the Founder of the Scientist-Practitioner Model
Willhelm Wundt has come to be known as the founder of experimental psychology. William James is seen as the founder of scientific psychology in America, largely because of the impact that The Principles of Psychology had on psychology in the United States. In seeing James as the central forebear of scientific psychology in this country, many applied psychologists have underestimated the importance of his contributions for their professional ambit…
Sports Psychology
Emerging Roles for Counseling Psychologists in Faculty Renewal Programs
Why Would Someone Make Questionable Methodological Judgments
Assessing locus of control with religious populations
Emerging Roles for Counseling Psychologists in Faculty Renewal Programs
Internal Invalidity in Pretest-Posttest Self-Report Evaluations and a Re-evaluation of Retrospective Pretests
True experimental designs (Designs 4, 5, and 6 of Campbell & Stanley, 1963) are thought to provide internally valid results. This paper describes five studies involving the evaluation of various treat ment interventions and identifies a source of inter nal invalidity when self-report measures are used in a Pretest-Posttest manner. An alternative approach (Retrospective Pretest-Posttest design) to measuring change is suggested, and data comparing …
Evaluation of a group program designed to increase androgyny in feminine women
Response-Shift Bias
Evaluations of experimental interventions which employ self-report measures are subject to an instrumentation- related source of contamination known as response-shift bias. The difficulty arises when the experimental intervention changes the subject's evaluation standard with regard to the dimension measured with the self-report instrument. In such cases even the true experimental designs (Designs 4, 5, and 6; Campbell and Stanlev, 1963) can prov…
The external validity of papers on external validity
The external validity of papers on external validity
A New Look at the Criterion Problem from the Perspective of Gelso's Bubble Hypothesis
Change Scores—Necessarily Anathema
Psychologists have been warned repeatedly in recent years of the hazards of change scores. Unfortunately, these warnings seem to have created the belief among many researchers that the use of change scores is universally misleading and therefore should be avoided at all costs. However, the use of change scores is perfectly legitimate in certain circumstances and at times may even be preferable to other methods of analysis. The ANOVA of change sco…
Validity of Linked Raters' Judgments
The traditional procedure for obtaining judged estimates of treatment-related change involves total randomization of the order of materials to be presented for judgment. An alternative approach (linked judgments) is considered as a potential solution to certain instrumentation-related threats to the validity of statistical conclusions which are present with the traditional rating procedure. Data on the effectiveness of a commercial body-slenderiz…
Methods of Analysis with Response-Shift Bias
Howard and his colleagues have discovered an instrumentation related contamination which confounds the results of studies which employ self-report measures in a pre/post or posttest only design. This confounding influence is referred to as response-shift bias. Research has demonstrated that the traditional methods of analysis (i.e., analysis of posttests only, analysis of pre/post difference scores, and analysis of covariance using prescores (ANC…
On Studying Humans
The role of values in the science of psychology
Institutional Research Productivity in Quantitative Psychology
Research productivity in quantitative psychology at various institutions was assessed for the years 1976 through 1982. Authorship credits were obtained for 72 institutions in seven quantitative journals. Three approaches to obtaining a global summary measure of productivity by averaging across the seven journals were compared. Although institutional rankings based on the three approaches were highly correlated, systematic differences for specific…
Can there be an empirical science of volitional action
A different view of the meaning of the record
A different view of the meaning of the record
Can there be an empirical science of volitional action
Assessing locus of control with religious populations
Adaptive Counseling and Therapy
This article presents an integrative model for selecting a progression of therapist styles as clients move through developmental stages during the course of counseling and psychotherapy. The model, Adaptive Counseling and Therapy (ACT), suggests an eclectic approach to the utilization of techniques in therapy. The ACT approach is compared and contrasted with other integrative models that suggest an eclectic practice of therapy, with both similari…
The Scientist-Practitioner in Counseling Psychology
This article presents a revised conception of research and practice in counseling psychology that (1) emphasizes the traditional activities of each role that have positive implications for the other role; (2) expands each role to bring each closer to the activities of the other; (3) highlights a number of practices in the humanities and other social sciences that can aid counseling psychologists in their efforts to further integrate research, the…
Further Thoughts on the Development of Adaptive Counseling and Therapy
Research productivity in psychology based on publication in the journals of the American Psychological Association
The next steps toward a science of agency
Research productivity in psychology based on publication in the journals of the American Psychological Association
The next steps toward a science of agency
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