Travis R Bell
Biographic Data
| ID | 354320 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Travis R Bell |
| GIVEN NAMES | Travis R |
| FAMILY NAME | Bell |
| SIGNATURE | BELL T R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of South Florida |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1593-9291 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 17 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior in Considering the Efficacy of Encountering Concussion Intervention Materials Online
This study employs the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to consider the efficacy of sport-related concussion (SRC) education materials among collegiate club sport athletes. In particular, variations in the targeted behavior (i.e. self-reporting SRC symptoms or other reporting SRC signs in teammates), format (i.e. digital text or video), and the presence of a personal narrative were considered. Data obtained from 443 club sport athletes in contact…
Parent Attitudes Toward Sport Coach Communication and Knowledge
Parents must make decisions to guide children’s sport participation, development, and enjoyment, with particular importance toward communication characteristics of their coach. The current study examines parent attitudes toward youth sport coach communication characteristics, provides a ranking of parents stated desires, and examines how parent desires for youth sport coaches have adapted to changes in the youth sports ecosystem. A representative…
Testing a sport-related concussion intervention among high school athletes
Kim Mulkey, The Washington Post , and a Stealing Thunder Pseudo-Event During the 2024 NCAA Tournament
Louisiana State University (LSU) basketball coach Kim Mulkey held an unorthodox press conference in March 2024 to discredit The Washington Post , journalist Kent Babb, and the state of journalism while addressing an unreleased news article. Mulkey’s scripted moment was constructed as a mediated pseudo-event that positioned her and the newspaper in opposition through a crisis communication approach known as stealing thunder. Interestingly, this pr…
Clenched fists, helping hand
One of the most historically recognized athlete protests occurred in the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Games when U.S. sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos each raised a black-gloved fist to call attention to racial injustice in their home country. Perhaps less known is the involvement of the third person on the podium: white Australian Peter Norman. Informed by framing theory, memory studies, and emerging literature on allyship, this thematic analy…
Front-page prominence and newspaper ownership
The FIFA Women’s World Cup was a steeple of professional sport in the summers of 2015 and 2019. Did newspapers deem the story newsworthy enough to reach the front page? This content analysis of over 900 U.S. newspapers’ front pages published on July 6, 2015 (the day after the 2015 WWC final) or July 8, 2019 (the day after the 2019 WWC final) indicates that, for 1 day, newspapers avoided the trap of gendered, trivialized sport representation. Also…
The Dichotomy of Male Sports and Female Announcing
During a 2018 Amazon Prime simulcast alongside the Fox broadcast announced by Joe Buck and Troy Aikman, Hannah Storm and Andrea Kremer became the first all-female broadcast team for a National Football League game. Utilizing a national sample of 415 subjects, a four-cell post-test-only experimental design of the on-air commentary was utilized to examine perceptions of announcer credibility. Incorporating social identity theory, findings reveal wo…
A Content Analysis of Violent Penalties and their Role in Sanitizing NFL Broadcasts
Using social cognitive theory and notions of sanitized sports violence as a framework, a content analysis of 486 National Football League (NFL) violent penalty calls (unnecessary roughness, roughing the passer) from broadcasts in 2009 and 2019 was conducted. Announcers were largely polarized in their reactions to violent penalties when they were shown on replay. Players were rarely injured and concussions as a key issue were rarely mentioned. Con…
(Re)Coding the “Black Quarterback”
This research applied a critical quantitative approach to the 247sports.com recruiting website to consider whether the “Black quarterback” label systematically rooted in sport persisted as a mediated form of racial stacking for high school football quarterbacks. A 20-year content analysis (2001–2020) examined race, position code, star value, and position ranking for 3448 high school quarterbacks. The results indicated a pattern of racial stacking…
Displaced and Diminished
Play-by-play (PxP) broadcasters’ routines and professions are in a state of flux. Even before COVID-19 protocols disrupted PxPs’ professional practices, broadcast networks tried to reduce on-site staff to cut costs. After COVID, some teams and networks opted to not send PxPs on the road while others experimented with artificial intelligence or alternative telecasts (e.g., the “Manningcast”). Whereas alternative broadcasts create innovative entert…
Psychophysiological Responses to Gendered Sports Announcing
During live sporting events, female announcer teams for men’s sports are becoming increasingly common, however, there is a lack of research examining viewers response to this.. Using psychophysiological measures, this study examines sports fan arousal and depicted emotion while watching sports highlights with female announcers, comparing it to the same highlights using male announcers. Results show that male participants were more aroused than fe…
HoopGurlz’s biased recruiting
The purpose of this study considers whether racial stacking and stereotypes inherent in media coverage of professional and college sports translate into girls' high school basketball through written content in basketball recruiting profiles. Leaning on whiteness studies and a call for intersectional empirical work (Leslie McCall 2005), this research shows how ESPN's HoopGurlz rankings reify racial stereotypes toward girls' basketball recruits. Se…
“Do the Things You’re Gonna Do on Game Day, Just Don’t Get Hurt”
This study explores the NFL’s “Future of Football” advertising campaign as a narrative strategy embedded within the league’s tradition focused on brand control. Using narrative and thematic analyses, 17 broadcast advertisements that aired from 2016–2019 are examined to investigate the league’s re-implementation of media messaging to position itself as a leader on safety. Findings indicate a narrativization of the NFL as a bastion of scientific di…
SportsCenter
When COVID-19 enveloped sport, it presented SportsCenter , ESPN’s primary news vehicle, with an unexpected and ironic form of “March Madness,” with basketball as the sporting epicenter for a pandemic. This case study applied an ethnographic content analysis to examine how the cancellation or postponement of sport as a result of COVID-19 was framed across 22 episodes of SportsCenter from March 8 to 14, 2020. More than 134 min of coverage was devot…
Communication as Commodity Exchange
This research applies an ecological lens to examine how ‘media’ impacts both fantasy sport and the stock market through the translation of statistical data by way of new technologies. The core content offered rarely changes (e.g. sport statistics, stock market prices) but can be altered, so attention is on the medium itself and how it fits into the spectacle of consumption and becomes an extension of human consciousness. The conversion of on-fiel…
Gendering 'Thursday Night Football
On 27 September 2018, history was made when Hannah Storm and Andrea Kremer became the first all-female broadcast team to call a major professional men’s team sport – a National Football League game between the Los Angeles Rams and the Minnesota Vikings. Storm provided the play-by-play and Kremer was the analyst for a ‘Thursday Night Football’ livestream on Amazon Prime, which was simulcast alongside a Fox television broadcast with veteran announc…
Towards a “Digital” Sports Journalism
Long trivialized as the “toy department,” sports journalism nevertheless represents an enduring, and vital subfield within journalism. As with many niches of journalism, sports journalism has needed to adjust to changes resulting from the technology of the field. In particular, digital sports journalism faces pressure from adjacent fields, represented in team and player media, which perform many of the same tasks historically attributed to sports…
Victory on Their Own Terms”
The United States women’s national team (USWNT) successfully defended its 2015 FIFA World Cup title with a 2-0 victory over the Netherlands on July 7, 2019. With the win, the USWNT increased its total World Cup titles to four, accounting for half of the total Women’s World Cup tournaments ever played. The current study examined 418 American newspapers the following day and whether the team’s 2019 repeat victory was enough to warrant front-page co…
Mike Trout When I’m Battin’ Boy”
Baseball and rap music are often not considered culturally or historically synonymous, but a shift appears underway. This research examines how 239 rap lyrics reach across the formerly confined (mostly racialized) boundaries of baseball to engage the sport through its reference to 128 baseball players. A thematic analysis explores how the languages of baseball and rap culture intersect through linguistic translation. The authors develop a broad u…
Documentary Film as Collaborative Ethnography
The civil rights movement in the USA offers sites of struggle for access, equality, and power related to racialised spaces. This article discusses documentary film's potential to journey into and assess this significant social movement through a Thirdspace perspective, motivated by the documentary film Tampa Technique: Rise, Demise, and Remembrance of Central Avenue and guided by a collaborative ethnographic process. Central Avenue, a primarily b…
In Football We Trust (2015)
Book Review| April 01 2018 In Football We Trust (2015) In Football We Trust (2015). Dir. Tony Vainuku. Prod. IFWT Productions and ITVS. 87 mins. Travis R. Bell Travis R. Bell University of South Florida Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Sport History (2018) 45 (1): 92–93. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.45.1.0092 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Cita…
In Football We Trust (2015)
Book Review| July 01 2018 In Football We Trust (2015) In Football We Trust (2015). Dir. Tony Vainuku. Prod. IFWT Productions and ITVS. 87 mins. Travis R. Bell Travis R. Bell University of South Florida Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Sport History (2018) 45 (2): 240–241. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.45.2.0240 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Cit…
High Power Kick
The 2015 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Women’s World Cup final, won by the United States women’s national team (USWNT), was the most-watched soccer match (men or women) in U.S. history. This quantitative content analysis examined 491 American newspaper front pages published on July 6, 2015, the day after the USWNT win. Results discuss newspapers that placed the story on their front pages (81%) and those that didn’t (19%…
Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame
Research Article| April 01 2017 Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame Travis R. Bell Travis R. Bell University of South Florida Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Sport History (2017) 44 (1): 91–92. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.44.1.0091 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Travis R. Bell; Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame. J…
Visually engaged ethnography
Engaged ethnography requires a deep rationale for involvement and a passion for a particular cause. Visual ethnography implements an aesthetic component, compliment, or fold into that complex, multi-layered engagement. This theoretical research attempts to move beyond traditional, epistemic debates and blend anthropological, communicative, and sociological concepts to form a cohesive approach to knowledge construction that exposes power, educates…
Towards a “Digital” Sports Journalism
Long trivialized as the “toy department,” sports journalism nevertheless represents an enduring, and vital subfield within journalism. As with many niches of journalism, sports journalism has needed to adjust to changes resulting from the technology of the field. In particular, digital sports journalism faces pressure from adjacent fields, represented in team and player media, which perform many of the same tasks historically attributed to sports…
Victory on Their Own Terms”
The United States women’s national team (USWNT) successfully defended its 2015 FIFA World Cup title with a 2-0 victory over the Netherlands on July 7, 2019. With the win, the USWNT increased its total World Cup titles to four, accounting for half of the total Women’s World Cup tournaments ever played. The current study examined 418 American newspapers the following day and whether the team’s 2019 repeat victory was enough to warrant front-page co…
High Power Kick
The 2015 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Women’s World Cup final, won by the United States women’s national team (USWNT), was the most-watched soccer match (men or women) in U.S. history. This quantitative content analysis examined 491 American newspaper front pages published on July 6, 2015, the day after the USWNT win. Results discuss newspapers that placed the story on their front pages (81%) and those that didn’t (19%…
HoopGurlz’s biased recruiting
The purpose of this study considers whether racial stacking and stereotypes inherent in media coverage of professional and college sports translate into girls' high school basketball through written content in basketball recruiting profiles. Leaning on whiteness studies and a call for intersectional empirical work (Leslie McCall 2005), this research shows how ESPN's HoopGurlz rankings reify racial stereotypes toward girls' basketball recruits. Se…
Documentary Film as Collaborative Ethnography
The civil rights movement in the USA offers sites of struggle for access, equality, and power related to racialised spaces. This article discusses documentary film's potential to journey into and assess this significant social movement through a Thirdspace perspective, motivated by the documentary film Tampa Technique: Rise, Demise, and Remembrance of Central Avenue and guided by a collaborative ethnographic process. Central Avenue, a primarily b…
Visually engaged ethnography
Engaged ethnography requires a deep rationale for involvement and a passion for a particular cause. Visual ethnography implements an aesthetic component, compliment, or fold into that complex, multi-layered engagement. This theoretical research attempts to move beyond traditional, epistemic debates and blend anthropological, communicative, and sociological concepts to form a cohesive approach to knowledge construction that exposes power, educates…
High Power Kick
The 2015 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Women’s World Cup final, won by the United States women’s national team (USWNT), was the most-watched soccer match (men or women) in U.S. history. This quantitative content analysis examined 491 American newspaper front pages published on July 6, 2015, the day after the USWNT win. Results discuss newspapers that placed the story on their front pages (81%) and those that didn’t (19%…
Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame
Research Article| April 01 2017 Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame Travis R. Bell Travis R. Bell University of South Florida Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Sport History (2017) 44 (1): 91–92. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.44.1.0091 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Travis R. Bell; Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame. J…
Documentary Film as Collaborative Ethnography
The civil rights movement in the USA offers sites of struggle for access, equality, and power related to racialised spaces. This article discusses documentary film's potential to journey into and assess this significant social movement through a Thirdspace perspective, motivated by the documentary film Tampa Technique: Rise, Demise, and Remembrance of Central Avenue and guided by a collaborative ethnographic process. Central Avenue, a primarily b…
In Football We Trust (2015)
Book Review| April 01 2018 In Football We Trust (2015) In Football We Trust (2015). Dir. Tony Vainuku. Prod. IFWT Productions and ITVS. 87 mins. Travis R. Bell Travis R. Bell University of South Florida Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Sport History (2018) 45 (1): 92–93. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.45.1.0092 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Cita…
In Football We Trust (2015)
Book Review| July 01 2018 In Football We Trust (2015) In Football We Trust (2015). Dir. Tony Vainuku. Prod. IFWT Productions and ITVS. 87 mins. Travis R. Bell Travis R. Bell University of South Florida Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Sport History (2018) 45 (2): 240–241. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.45.2.0240 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Cit…
Towards a “Digital” Sports Journalism
Long trivialized as the “toy department,” sports journalism nevertheless represents an enduring, and vital subfield within journalism. As with many niches of journalism, sports journalism has needed to adjust to changes resulting from the technology of the field. In particular, digital sports journalism faces pressure from adjacent fields, represented in team and player media, which perform many of the same tasks historically attributed to sports…
Victory on Their Own Terms”
The United States women’s national team (USWNT) successfully defended its 2015 FIFA World Cup title with a 2-0 victory over the Netherlands on July 7, 2019. With the win, the USWNT increased its total World Cup titles to four, accounting for half of the total Women’s World Cup tournaments ever played. The current study examined 418 American newspapers the following day and whether the team’s 2019 repeat victory was enough to warrant front-page co…
Mike Trout When I’m Battin’ Boy”
Baseball and rap music are often not considered culturally or historically synonymous, but a shift appears underway. This research examines how 239 rap lyrics reach across the formerly confined (mostly racialized) boundaries of baseball to engage the sport through its reference to 128 baseball players. A thematic analysis explores how the languages of baseball and rap culture intersect through linguistic translation. The authors develop a broad u…
SportsCenter
When COVID-19 enveloped sport, it presented SportsCenter , ESPN’s primary news vehicle, with an unexpected and ironic form of “March Madness,” with basketball as the sporting epicenter for a pandemic. This case study applied an ethnographic content analysis to examine how the cancellation or postponement of sport as a result of COVID-19 was framed across 22 episodes of SportsCenter from March 8 to 14, 2020. More than 134 min of coverage was devot…
Communication as Commodity Exchange
This research applies an ecological lens to examine how ‘media’ impacts both fantasy sport and the stock market through the translation of statistical data by way of new technologies. The core content offered rarely changes (e.g. sport statistics, stock market prices) but can be altered, so attention is on the medium itself and how it fits into the spectacle of consumption and becomes an extension of human consciousness. The conversion of on-fiel…
Gendering 'Thursday Night Football
On 27 September 2018, history was made when Hannah Storm and Andrea Kremer became the first all-female broadcast team to call a major professional men’s team sport – a National Football League game between the Los Angeles Rams and the Minnesota Vikings. Storm provided the play-by-play and Kremer was the analyst for a ‘Thursday Night Football’ livestream on Amazon Prime, which was simulcast alongside a Fox television broadcast with veteran announc…
“Do the Things You’re Gonna Do on Game Day, Just Don’t Get Hurt”
This study explores the NFL’s “Future of Football” advertising campaign as a narrative strategy embedded within the league’s tradition focused on brand control. Using narrative and thematic analyses, 17 broadcast advertisements that aired from 2016–2019 are examined to investigate the league’s re-implementation of media messaging to position itself as a leader on safety. Findings indicate a narrativization of the NFL as a bastion of scientific di…
Psychophysiological Responses to Gendered Sports Announcing
During live sporting events, female announcer teams for men’s sports are becoming increasingly common, however, there is a lack of research examining viewers response to this.. Using psychophysiological measures, this study examines sports fan arousal and depicted emotion while watching sports highlights with female announcers, comparing it to the same highlights using male announcers. Results show that male participants were more aroused than fe…
HoopGurlz’s biased recruiting
The purpose of this study considers whether racial stacking and stereotypes inherent in media coverage of professional and college sports translate into girls' high school basketball through written content in basketball recruiting profiles. Leaning on whiteness studies and a call for intersectional empirical work (Leslie McCall 2005), this research shows how ESPN's HoopGurlz rankings reify racial stereotypes toward girls' basketball recruits. Se…
Front-page prominence and newspaper ownership
The FIFA Women’s World Cup was a steeple of professional sport in the summers of 2015 and 2019. Did newspapers deem the story newsworthy enough to reach the front page? This content analysis of over 900 U.S. newspapers’ front pages published on July 6, 2015 (the day after the 2015 WWC final) or July 8, 2019 (the day after the 2019 WWC final) indicates that, for 1 day, newspapers avoided the trap of gendered, trivialized sport representation. Also…
The Dichotomy of Male Sports and Female Announcing
During a 2018 Amazon Prime simulcast alongside the Fox broadcast announced by Joe Buck and Troy Aikman, Hannah Storm and Andrea Kremer became the first all-female broadcast team for a National Football League game. Utilizing a national sample of 415 subjects, a four-cell post-test-only experimental design of the on-air commentary was utilized to examine perceptions of announcer credibility. Incorporating social identity theory, findings reveal wo…
A Content Analysis of Violent Penalties and their Role in Sanitizing NFL Broadcasts
Using social cognitive theory and notions of sanitized sports violence as a framework, a content analysis of 486 National Football League (NFL) violent penalty calls (unnecessary roughness, roughing the passer) from broadcasts in 2009 and 2019 was conducted. Announcers were largely polarized in their reactions to violent penalties when they were shown on replay. Players were rarely injured and concussions as a key issue were rarely mentioned. Con…
(Re)Coding the “Black Quarterback”
This research applied a critical quantitative approach to the 247sports.com recruiting website to consider whether the “Black quarterback” label systematically rooted in sport persisted as a mediated form of racial stacking for high school football quarterbacks. A 20-year content analysis (2001–2020) examined race, position code, star value, and position ranking for 3448 high school quarterbacks. The results indicated a pattern of racial stacking…
Displaced and Diminished
Play-by-play (PxP) broadcasters’ routines and professions are in a state of flux. Even before COVID-19 protocols disrupted PxPs’ professional practices, broadcast networks tried to reduce on-site staff to cut costs. After COVID, some teams and networks opted to not send PxPs on the road while others experimented with artificial intelligence or alternative telecasts (e.g., the “Manningcast”). Whereas alternative broadcasts create innovative entert…
Kim Mulkey, The Washington Post , and a Stealing Thunder Pseudo-Event During the 2024 NCAA Tournament
Louisiana State University (LSU) basketball coach Kim Mulkey held an unorthodox press conference in March 2024 to discredit The Washington Post , journalist Kent Babb, and the state of journalism while addressing an unreleased news article. Mulkey’s scripted moment was constructed as a mediated pseudo-event that positioned her and the newspaper in opposition through a crisis communication approach known as stealing thunder. Interestingly, this pr…
Clenched fists, helping hand
One of the most historically recognized athlete protests occurred in the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Games when U.S. sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos each raised a black-gloved fist to call attention to racial injustice in their home country. Perhaps less known is the involvement of the third person on the podium: white Australian Peter Norman. Informed by framing theory, memory studies, and emerging literature on allyship, this thematic analy…
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior in Considering the Efficacy of Encountering Concussion Intervention Materials Online
This study employs the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to consider the efficacy of sport-related concussion (SRC) education materials among collegiate club sport athletes. In particular, variations in the targeted behavior (i.e. self-reporting SRC symptoms or other reporting SRC signs in teammates), format (i.e. digital text or video), and the presence of a personal narrative were considered. Data obtained from 443 club sport athletes in contact…
Parent Attitudes Toward Sport Coach Communication and Knowledge
Parents must make decisions to guide children’s sport participation, development, and enjoyment, with particular importance toward communication characteristics of their coach. The current study examines parent attitudes toward youth sport coach communication characteristics, provides a ranking of parents stated desires, and examines how parent desires for youth sport coaches have adapted to changes in the youth sports ecosystem. A representative…
Testing a sport-related concussion intervention among high school athletes
Sociology (18 works) · Sports, Gender, and Society (17 works) · Political science (14 works) · Psychology (14 works) · Advertising (12 works) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (12 works) · Law (11 works) · Media studies (11 works) · Art (8 works) · Business (8 works)