Michael Sweat
Biographic Data
| ID | 3572666 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael Sweat |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael |
| FAMILY NAME | Sweat |
| SIGNATURE | SWEAT M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Medical University of South Carolina |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3293-3273 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 171 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 42 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Effectiveness of Integrating HIV Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Family Planning
Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and family planning (FP) share key characteristics. Both are preventive, both have high efficacy but effectiveness which can be diminished by inconsistent use and both are particularly beneficial for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in certain lower- and middle-income countries. When the efficacy of PrEP was proven in field trials, an effort to implement PrEP programs for the populations that would most…
HIV-Related Intersectional Stigma and Discrimination Measurement
Background. Across settings, individuals from populations that are multiply stigmatized are at increased risk of HIV and experience worse HIV treatment outcomes. As evidence expands on how intersecting stigmatized identities and conditions influence HIV outcomes, researchers have used diverse quantitative approaches to measure HIV-related intersectional stigma and discrimination. To date, no clear consensus exists regarding how to best quantitati…
Low acceptance of intimate partner violence by pregnant women in Uganda predicts higher uptake of HIV self-testing among their male partners
Introduction : Heterosexual couples are at high risk for HIV acquisition in sub-Saharan Africa, and HIV self-testing (HST) is an additional approach to expand access to HIV testing services. However, it is not well known how gender equality is associated with HST. Methods : We used intervention-arm data from a cluster-randomised controlled HST intervention trial ( N = 1 618) conducted in Uganda to determine the association between attitudes towar…
We are in this together
The study found that couples made joint decisions regarding study participation and uptake of HIV-related medication. Relational autonomy and dyadic-level influence should be considered within research and programs involving HIV serodiscordant couples
Do Sexual Partners Talk to Each Other About HIV? Exploring Factors Associated with HIV-Related Partner Communication Among Men and Women in Tanzania
Gender Disparities in Receipt of HIV Testing Results in Six Sub-Saharan African Countries
Purpose: Receipt of HIV testing results is vital for individuals to know their status and make decisions that would improve their access to HIV prevention, treatment, and care. The objective of this study is to determine the association of HIV testing and receipt of results with three key exposure variables (HIV stigma, HIV knowledge, and media use) stratified by gender and country. Methods: Data from a random sample of adults aged 15–49 years fr…
Age-Related Differences in Socio-demographic and Behavioral Determinants of HIV Testing and Counseling in HPTN 043/Nimh Project Accept
Youth represent a large proportion of new HIV infections worldwide, yet their utilization of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) remains low. Using the post-intervention, cross-sectional, population-based household survey done in 2011 as part of HPTN 043/NIMH Project Accept, a cluster-randomized trial of community mobilization and mobile HTC in South Africa (Soweto and KwaZulu Natal), Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Thailand, we evaluated age-related differe…
Predictors of Infant Age at Enrollment in Early Infant Diagnosis Services in Kenya
Despite the importance of early detection to signal lifesaving treatment initiation for HIV+ infants, early infant diagnosis (EID) services have received considerably less attention than other aspects of prevention of mother to child transmission care. This study draws on baseline data from an on-going cluster randomized study of an intervention to improve EID services at six government hospitals across Kenya. Two logistic regressions examined po…
Free Condom Distribution
Reported Physical and Sexual Abuse in Childhood and Adult HIV Risk Behaviour in Three African Countries
Families matter
A cross-sectional survey among 550 randomly selected 16–19-year-olds in Ndola, Zambia, assessed the influence of individual (e.g., HIV knowledge), relational (e.g., discussed HIV testing with family), and environmental factors (e.g., distance) on adolescents’ use of HIV counseling and testing. A multivariable logistic regression analysis comparing respondents who have taken an HIV test to respondents who have not found that at the relational leve…
Childbearing motivations, pregnancy desires, and perceived partner response to a pregnancy among urban female youth
Despite a growing literature assessing pregnancy desires among HIV-infected women enrolled in clinical care, little attention has been paid to HIV-infected youth for whom pregnancy is a very relevant issue. In urban areas with high rates of teen pregnancy and HIV infection, further understanding of childbearing motivations and relationship dynamics influencing pregnancy desires among female youth is needed. This study compares the childbearing mo…
Ugandan Men's Attitudes Toward Their Partner's Participation in Antenatal HIV Testing
Several authors have shown that women's uptake of antenatal HIV testing is influenced by fear of their partners' reactions. We conducted a qualitative study with 40 Ugandan men to examine their attitudes toward their partners' participation in antenatal HIV testing. Most men believed women should consult their husbands prior to HIV testing to avoid negative consequences and facilitate disclosure. When women tested during routine antenatal care, h…
Impact of Acts of Discrimination on Quality of Life Among Injecting Drug Users in Delhi, India
No “Magic Bullet”
Discussing Childbearing with HIV-infected Women of Reproductive Age in Clinical Care
Nimh Project Accept (HPTN 043) HIV/Aids Community Mobilization (CM) to Promote Mobile HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (MVCT) in Rural Communities in Northern Thailand
Human rights abuses and suicidal ideation among male injecting drug users in Delhi, India
Developing WHO guidelines with pragmatic, structured, evidence-based processes
Many guidelines, including those produced by the World Health Organisation (WHO), have failed to adhere to rigorous methodological standards. Operational examples of guideline development processes may provide important lessons learned to improve the rigour and quality of future guidelines. To this end, this paper describes the process of developing WHO guidelines on prevention and care interventions for adults and adolescents living with HIV. Us…
Effectiveness of Peer Education Interventions for HIV Prevention in Developing Countries
Understanding High Fertility Desires and Intentions Among a Sample of Urban Women Living with HIV in the United States
Disclosure Outcomes, Coping Strategies, and Life Changes Among Women Living With HIV in Uganda
An HIV diagnosis is a life-changing event. Disclosure of HIV test results might be related to developing effective coping strategies. We conducted qualitative, in-depth interviews with 30 HIV-infected women in Uganda to explore links between HIV disclosure and coping strategies. Many women experienced an evolution in their ability to cope from initial shame to eventual acceptance. Factors that facilitated adaptive coping included being healthy, f…
Talking the talk, walking the walk
The HIV testing experiences of adolescents in Ndola, Zambia
This study explored how adolescents involve their families, friends and sex partners when making decisions about seeking HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and disclosing their HIV-status. The study is based on 40 qualitative in-depth interviews with 16 to 19 year olds who knew their HIV status in Ndola, Zambia. The findings show that: a) almost half of the youth turned to family members for advice or approval prior to seeking VCT; b) a d…
Micro-credit, Women’s Groups, Control of Own Money
The intersections of HIV and violence
The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature on the intersections between HIV and violence and present an agenda for future research to guide policy and programs. This paper aims to answer four questions: (1) How does forced sex affect women's risk for HIV infection? (2) How do violence and threats of violence affect women's ability to negotiate condom use? (3) Is the risk of violence greater for women living with HIV infection…
Environmental–Structural Interventions to Reduce HIV/STI Risk Among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of 2 environmental–structural interventions in reducing risks of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic. Methods. Two intervention models were implemented over a 1-year period: community solidarity in Santo Domingo and solidarity combined with government policy in Puerto Plata. Both were evaluated via preintervention–postintervention cross-section…
Talking the talk, walking the walk
HIV-Positive Women Report More Lifetime Partner Violence
Objectives. Experiences of partner violence were compared between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Methods. Of 340 women enrolled, 245 (72%) were followed and interviewed 3 months after HIV testing to estimate the prevalence and identify the correlates of violence. Results. The odds of reporting at least 1 violent event was significantly higher among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women (physical violence odds ratio [OR] = 2.63; 9…
Alcohol Consumption, Brothel Attendance, and Condom Use
This article investigates the relationship between alcohol consumption and inconsistent condom use with brothel-based commercial sex workers among Thai military conscripts in Northern Thailand. Data from 10 focus groups indicate that alcohol consumption (1) is consciously used by men to reduce inhibitions that constrain their interpersonal interaction with women and with each other; (2) reduces inhibitions of individuals to sexual risk taking; (3…
Disclosure Outcomes, Coping Strategies, and Life Changes Among Women Living With HIV in Uganda
An HIV diagnosis is a life-changing event. Disclosure of HIV test results might be related to developing effective coping strategies. We conducted qualitative, in-depth interviews with 30 HIV-infected women in Uganda to explore links between HIV disclosure and coping strategies. Many women experienced an evolution in their ability to cope from initial shame to eventual acceptance. Factors that facilitated adaptive coping included being healthy, f…
HIV-Related Intersectional Stigma and Discrimination Measurement
Background. Across settings, individuals from populations that are multiply stigmatized are at increased risk of HIV and experience worse HIV treatment outcomes. As evidence expands on how intersecting stigmatized identities and conditions influence HIV outcomes, researchers have used diverse quantitative approaches to measure HIV-related intersectional stigma and discrimination. To date, no clear consensus exists regarding how to best quantitati…
Aids awareness among a cohort of young Thai men
Structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among 834 young Thai men drafted into military service by random lottery in northern Thailand. Level of AIDS risk, exposure to AIDS information, level of knowledge about AIDS, and perception of risk for acquiring HIV and AIDS were assessed at baseline and six months after induction into the Army in 1991. General fear of AIDS was high, yet personal perception of risk for acquiring HI…
Depression and use of mental health services among HIV-infected men
Depression is a serious, common, and treatable condition among HIV-infected persons. We examined the prevalence and predictors of depression and use of mental health services among 475 HIV-infected men without AIDS. Participants were drawn from three sites in San Francisco and Denver that did not provide ongoing medical care or mental health services. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale (CES-D). Over…
Alcohol Consumption, Brothel Attendance, and Condom Use
This article investigates the relationship between alcohol consumption and inconsistent condom use with brothel-based commercial sex workers among Thai military conscripts in Northern Thailand. Data from 10 focus groups indicate that alcohol consumption (1) is consciously used by men to reduce inhibitions that constrain their interpersonal interaction with women and with each other; (2) reduces inhibitions of individuals to sexual risk taking; (3…
Characteristics of Individuals and Couples Seeking HIV-1 Prevention Services in Nairobi, Kenya
Characteristics of Individuals and Couples Seeking HIV-1 Prevention Services in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
The Voluntary HIV-1 Counseling and Testing Efficacy Study
The intersections of HIV and violence
The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature on the intersections between HIV and violence and present an agenda for future research to guide policy and programs. This paper aims to answer four questions: (1) How does forced sex affect women's risk for HIV infection? (2) How do violence and threats of violence affect women's ability to negotiate condom use? (3) Is the risk of violence greater for women living with HIV infection…
Women's barriers to HIV-1 testing and disclosure
In view of the ever-increasing HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, the expansion of HIV-1 voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) as an integral part of prevention strategies and medical research is both a reality and an urgent need. As the availability of HIV-1 VCT grows two limitations need to be addressed, namely: low rates of HIV-1 serostatus disclosure to sexual partners and negative outcomes of serostatus disclosure. Results from a stu…
Adapting the Thai 100% condom programme
The reported success of the Thai 100% Condom Programme prompted interest in adapting such an approach to HIV prevention in the Dominican Republic. Qualitative research methods were utilized to examine the acceptability and feasibility of doing so, as well as to investigate socio-cultural and political issues affecting condom use in the Dominican female sex industry. Study participants included female sex workers, male paying clients and non-payin…
HIV-Positive Women Report More Lifetime Partner Violence
Objectives. Experiences of partner violence were compared between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Methods. Of 340 women enrolled, 245 (72%) were followed and interviewed 3 months after HIV testing to estimate the prevalence and identify the correlates of violence. Results. The odds of reporting at least 1 violent event was significantly higher among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women (physical violence odds ratio [OR] = 2.63; 9…
Environmental-structural factors significantly associated with consistent condom use among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic
OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of environmental-structural factors in promoting consistent condom use (CCU) among female sex workers (FSW) and their regular paying partners in the Dominican Republic. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 288 FSW recruited from 41 sex establishments in Santo Domingo from March to June 1998. Sex workers were asked about their sexual behavior, self-efficacy at negotiating safe sex, perceived inti…
Who infects whom? HIV-1 concordance and discordance among migrant and non-migrant couples in South Africa
OBJECTIVES: To measure HIV-1 discordance among migrant and non-migrant men and their rural partners, and to estimate the relative risk of infection from inside versus outside primary relationships. DESIGN: A cross-sectional behavioural and HIV-1 seroprevalence survey among 168 couples in which the male partner either a migrant, or not. METHODS: A detailed questionnaire was administered and blood was collected for laboratory analysis. A mathematic…
The Impact of Migration on HIV-1 Transmission in South Africa
BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between migration and HIV infection among migrant and nonmigrant men and their rural partners. GOAL: The goal was to determine risk factors for HIV-1 infection in South Africa. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study of 196 migrant men and 130 of their rural partners, as well as 64 nonmigrant men and 98 rural women whose partners are nonmigrant. Male migrants were recruited at work in two urban ce…
High Rates and Positive Outcomes of HIV-Serostatus Disclosure to Sexual Partners
The Matalisi
The Role of Relationship Intimacy in Consistent Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers and Their Regular Paying Partners in the Dominican Republic
Environmental–Structural Interventions to Reduce HIV/STI Risk Among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic
Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of 2 environmental–structural interventions in reducing risks of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic. Methods. Two intervention models were implemented over a 1-year period: community solidarity in Santo Domingo and solidarity combined with government policy in Puerto Plata. Both were evaluated via preintervention–postintervention cross-section…
Micro-credit, Women’s Groups, Control of Own Money
The HIV testing experiences of adolescents in Ndola, Zambia
This study explored how adolescents involve their families, friends and sex partners when making decisions about seeking HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and disclosing their HIV-status. The study is based on 40 qualitative in-depth interviews with 16 to 19 year olds who knew their HIV status in Ndola, Zambia. The findings show that: a) almost half of the youth turned to family members for advice or approval prior to seeking VCT; b) a d…
Effectiveness of Peer Education Interventions for HIV Prevention in Developing Countries
Understanding High Fertility Desires and Intentions Among a Sample of Urban Women Living with HIV in the United States
Disclosure Outcomes, Coping Strategies, and Life Changes Among Women Living With HIV in Uganda
An HIV diagnosis is a life-changing event. Disclosure of HIV test results might be related to developing effective coping strategies. We conducted qualitative, in-depth interviews with 30 HIV-infected women in Uganda to explore links between HIV disclosure and coping strategies. Many women experienced an evolution in their ability to cope from initial shame to eventual acceptance. Factors that facilitated adaptive coping included being healthy, f…
Talking the talk, walking the walk
Developing WHO guidelines with pragmatic, structured, evidence-based processes
Many guidelines, including those produced by the World Health Organisation (WHO), have failed to adhere to rigorous methodological standards. Operational examples of guideline development processes may provide important lessons learned to improve the rigour and quality of future guidelines. To this end, this paper describes the process of developing WHO guidelines on prevention and care interventions for adults and adolescents living with HIV. Us…
No “Magic Bullet”
Medicine (40 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (30 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (28 works) · Family medicine (26 works) · Environmental health (23 works) · Psychology (22 works) · Demography (21 works) · Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV (20 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (19 works) · Public health (19 works)