Charles Abraham
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3583671 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Charles Abraham |
| PRENOMES | Charles |
| SOBRENOME | Abraham |
| ASSINATURA | ABRAHAM C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Sussex |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0901-1975 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 56 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 412 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1989 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Handwashing adherence during the Covid-19 pandemic
What Works in Violence Prevention Among Young People
Violence prevention programs aim to raise awareness, change attitudes, normative beliefs, motivation, and behavioral responses. Many programs have been developed and evaluated, and optimistic claims about effectiveness made. Yet comprehensive guidance on program design, implementation, and evaluation is limited. The aim of this study was to provide an up-to-date review of evidence on what works for whom. A systematic search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, …
Health-Care Professionals' Assessments of, and Recommendations for, Sexual-Health Education and Service Provision for Young People in Tehran
Background: Only limited Sexual Health and Relationships Education (SHRE) is provided in Iranian schools and universities while research has highlighted demand and need for improved SHRE among young adults. We explored health-care professionals' (HCPs) assessments of, and recommendations for, SHRE and service provision for young people in Tehran. Design and Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 17 HCPs based in Tehra…
Associations between self-efficacy and sedentary behaviour
A qualitative assessment of the sexual-health education, training and service needs of young adults in Tehran
Background Sexual Health and Relationships Education (SHRE) provides individuals with knowledge and skills to manage risky behaviors and take informed decisions to protect themselves against STIs, and unintended pregnancy. Only minimal SHRE is provided in Iranian schools and universities and previous research has highlighted needs and demands for improved SHRE and sexual services in Iran. This study explored young, Iranian adults’ experience of, …
The trajectory of Covid-19 pandemic and handwashing adherence
Clinical Trials.Gov, # NCT04367337
Can individual, dyadic, or collaborative planning reduce sedentary behavior? A randomized controlled trial
Feasibility and acceptability of a Takeaway Masterclass aimed at encouraging healthier cooking practices and menu options in takeaway food outlets
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the Takeaway Masterclass, a three-hour training session delivered to staff of independent takeaway food outlets that promoted healthy cooking practices and menu options. Design: A mixed-methods study design. All participating food outlets provided progress feedback at 6 weeks post-intervention. Baseline and 6-week post-intervention observational and self-reported data were collected in h…
Design, implementation and evaluation of school-based sexual health education in sub-Saharan Africa
This study investigated facilitators and challenges to designing, implementing and evaluating school-based sexual health education in sub-Saharan Africa, using interviews with intervention designers and researchers. At the pre-planning and planning stages, participants reported that facilitating factors included addressing the reproductive health needs of participants, contextual (culture, religion, economic and social) considerations and the ado…
Trial protocol
The trial was retrospectively registered in September, 2017 ( ACTRN12616001276448 ), as communities were selected prior to trial registration; however, participants were recruited after registration. Findings will be disseminated in peer-review journals and community fora
Improving public health evaluation
Whilst numerous guidance documents supporting public health evaluation exist, these documents are currently underused by practitioners - either because they are not considered useful, or because practitioners are not aware of them. Integrating existing guides into a catalogue of guidance documents, and developing a new-quality assured, practical and useful document may support the evaluation of public health programs. This in turn has the potenti…
The challenges of interventions to promote healthier food in independent takeaways in England
Participants emphasised independent takeaways as particularly challenging, but worthwhile intervention targets. Participants perceived that interventions need to take account of the potentially challenging operating environment, particularly the primacy of the profit motive. Upstream interventions, engaging suppliers, as well as those that drive consumer demand, may be worth exploring. Rigorous, evidence-informed development and evaluation of suc…
What is best practice in sex and relationship education? A synthesis of evidence, including stakeholders’ views
OBJECTIVES: Sex and relationship education (SRE) is regarded as vital to improving young people's sexual health, but a third of schools in England lacks good SRE and government guidance is outdated. We aimed to identify what makes SRE programmes effective, acceptable, sustainable and capable of faithful implementation. DESIGN: This is a synthesis of findings from five research packages that we conducted (practitioner interviews, case study invest…
A comprehensive review of reviews of school-based interventions to improve sexual-health
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review systematic reviews of school-based sexual-health and relationship Education (SHRE) programmes and, thereby, identify interventions and intervention components that promote reductions in risky sexual behaviour among young people. METHODS: Electronic bibliographies were searched systematically to identify systematic reviews of school-based interventions targeting sexual-health. Results were summarised using a nar…
When and how does normative feedback reduce intentions to drink irresponsibly? an experimental investigation
Objectives: To test the effects of exposure to a campaign to discourage drinking alcohol drinks down in one gulp (‘bolting’).Method: Laboratory experiments assessed the effects of exposure to (1) the campaign (Pilot Study; N = 48), (2) the campaign combined with an injunctive norm message of explicit peer disapproval of bolting (Study 1; N = 78), and (3) the campaign and a descriptive norm message of low prevalence of bolting (Study 2; N = 96) on…
Trial baseline characteristics of a cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-located obesity prevention programme; the Healthy Lifestyles Programme (HeLP) trial
ISRCTN15811706 (1/05/2012)
How do brochures encourage walking in natural environments in the UK? A content analysis
Although walking for leisure can support health, there has been little systematic attempt to consider how recreational walking is best promoted. In the UK, local authorities create promotional materials for walking networks, but little is known about whether they effectively encourage walking through persuasive messaging. Many of these materials pertain to walks in natural environments which evidence suggests are generally visited less frequently…
Recovery under sail
Sail training refers to sea voyages designed to foster personal and social change. Such training has mainly involved young people but may have the potential to benefit adults who are recovering from drug and alcohol addiction. During the voyage described here clients in drug rehabilitation centres across the UK were given the opportunity to participate in a 5-day sail training voyage. Pre- and post-voyage interviews were conducted with 11 clients…
Thinking you're old and frail’
Many older adults experience what is clinically recognised as frailty but little is known about the perceptions of, and attitudes regarding, being frail. This qualitative study explored adults' perceptions of frailty and their beliefs concerning its progression and consequences. Twenty-nine participants aged 66–98 with varying degrees of frailty, residing either in their homes or institutional settings, participated in semi-structured interviews.…
Health Psychology
The ecology of sexual health of sexual minorities in Guatemala City
Guatemalan gay and bisexual men, men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender persons carry disproportionate burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections compared with other Guatemalan subgroups. However, little is known about the determinants of sexual health to inform health promotion and disease prevention interventions among these sexual minorities. We sought to explore sexual health and HIV risk among Guatemalan sexual minorit…
A checklist to improve reporting of group-based behaviour-change interventions
The checklist is a practical tool that can be used, alongside other reporting guidelines, to ensure comprehensive description and to assess reporting quality of GB-BCIs. It can also be helpful for designing group-based health interventions
Promoting sexual and reproductive health among adolescents in southern and eastern Africa (PREPARE)
Controlled Trials ISRCTN56270821 (Cape Town); Controlled Trials ISRCTN10386599 (Limpopo); Clinical Trials NCT01772628 (Kampala); Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000900718 (Dar es Salaam)
Habitual behaviors or patterns of practice? Explaining and changing repetitive climate‐relevant actions
Understanding human behavior lies at the heart of responses to climate change. Many environmentally relevant behavior patterns are frequent, stable, and persistent. There is an increasing focus on understanding these patterns less in terms of deliberative processes and more in terms of habits and routines embedded in everyday life. Examinations of the ‘habitual’ nature of environmentally consequential activities have been approached from two theo…
Health Promotion from the Perspective of Social Cognitive Theory
The Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (v1) of 93 Hierarchically Clustered Techniques
CONSORT guidelines call for precise reporting of behavior change interventions: we need rigorous methods of characterizing active content of interventions with precision and specificity.The objective of this study is to develop an extensive, consensually agreed hierarchically structured taxonomy of techniques [behavior change techniques (BCTs)] used in behavior change interventions.In a Delphi-type exercise, 14 experts rated labels and definition…
A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions
Without standardized definitions of the techniques included in behavior change interventions, it is difficult to faithfully replicate effective interventions and challenging to identify techniques contributing to effectiveness across interventions. This research aimed to develop and test a theory-linked taxonomy of generally applicable behavior change techniques (BCTs).Twenty-six BCTs were defined. Two psychologists used a 5-page coding manual to…
Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use
Despite increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS, there has been no systematic review of correlates of condom use among heterosexual samples. To rectify this, the present study used meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between psychosocial variables and self-reported condom use. Six hundred sixty correlations distributed across 44 variables were derived from 121 empirical studies. Variables were organized in terms of the labeling, commitment, and e…
Habitual behaviors or patterns of practice? Explaining and changing repetitive climate‐relevant actions
Understanding human behavior lies at the heart of responses to climate change. Many environmentally relevant behavior patterns are frequent, stable, and persistent. There is an increasing focus on understanding these patterns less in terms of deliberative processes and more in terms of habits and routines embedded in everyday life. Examinations of the ‘habitual’ nature of environmentally consequential activities have been approached from two theo…
Thinking you're old and frail’
Many older adults experience what is clinically recognised as frailty but little is known about the perceptions of, and attitudes regarding, being frail. This qualitative study explored adults' perceptions of frailty and their beliefs concerning its progression and consequences. Twenty-nine participants aged 66–98 with varying degrees of frailty, residing either in their homes or institutional settings, participated in semi-structured interviews.…
Social Psychological Factors in Lifestyle Change and Their Relevance to Policy
Crises in obesity and changes in the environment illustrate the need to change problematic behaviors and lifestyles in large segments of the population. This article uses social psychological theory and research to understand methods for facilitating lifestyle change. A basic assumption in the social psychological perspective is that the environment and the person interact to determine behavior. Both factors are important for understanding “upstr…
Religiosity and adolescents' premarital sexual attitudes and behaviour
A review of the literature concerning the relationship between religiosity and premarital sexual attitudes and behaviour revealed inconsistencies in research findings and problems with methodology and operationalizations of variables. A postal questionnaire to 527 16‐ to 18‐year‐olds examined the associations between six models of religiosity (religious upbringing, denominational affiliation, ritual/behavioural, self‐attitude/self‐schema and sali…
The role of affect in UK commuters' travel mode choices
Previous research has suggested that the choice between public transport and private car use is not solely based on utility considerations, such as time and cost. However, affective considerations tend not to be targeted in policy interventions to reduce car use. This may be due, in part, to a lack of clarity about which affective responses to car use are important and how they may affect willingness to switch to public transport. This study soug…
Sex Education as Health Promotion
RCT of a theory-based intervention promoting healthy eating and physical activity amongst out-patients older than 65 years
Modelling antecedents of blood donation motivation among non-donors of varying age and education
Understanding blood donation motivation among non-donors is prerequisite to effective recruitment. Two studies explored the psychological antecedents of blood donation motivation and the generalisability of a model of donation motivation across groups differing in age and educational level. An older well-educated population and a younger less well-educated population were sampled. The studies assessed the role of altruism, fear of blood/needles a…
Can theory-based messages in combination with cognitive prompts promote exercise in classroom settings
Perceived discrimination of international visitors to universities in Germany and the UK
The extent to which international students and academics feel discriminated against in the host country was explored in three samples from two countries: students in Germany (N=161), students in the UK (N=139), and academics in Germany (N=79). Respondents completed a measure of perceived discrimination of increasing severity, comprising antilocution (verbal derogation), avoidance, behavioural discrimination, and physical assault. Physical discern…
Cognitive predictors of adherence to malaria prophylaxis regimens on return from a malarious region
Can individual, dyadic, or collaborative planning reduce sedentary behavior? A randomized controlled trial
Self‐esteem, stigma and community participation amongst people with learning difficulties living in the community
A cross‐sectional study examined the relationship between self‐esteem, community participation, age, perceived stigma and social support amongst a sample of 50 people with mild to moderate learning difficulties attending two day centres. Respondent‐paced, structured interviews following ethical and assessment guidelines were used to gather data. Retest interviews were conducted with 20% of the sample 3 months subsequently and only those measures …
Unemployment and self‐conception
A symbolic interactionist analysis of the relationship between unemployment and self‐conception was tested using a cross‐sectional questionnaire design ( n = 88). Job loss had significant negative associations with reflected appraisals (perceived evaluations) from friends, family, employers, unemployed people and people in general. Significant relationships between reflected appraisals and the evaluative, consistency and involvement dimensions of…
Supporting People with a Mental Handicap in the Community
Community care is a key concept in policy-making and service provision for people with a mental handicap. Yet the nature of the ‘community’ and the source of ‘care’ referred to is rarely specified. The meaning of ‘community’ is examined in relation to sociological and social psychological research and the assumption that geographical proximity promotes shared identity and caring relationships is called into question. It is argued that an emphasis…
There's always someone available’
This paper discusses an evaluation of a Scottish Aberlour family centre, which aimed to support pre-school children and their parents in a way which promotes self-esteem and self-efficacy. The evaluation (involving 87% of all current users) focused on parents' reasons for using the resource and their perceptions of changes in themselves, their preschool children and other family members since attending the centre. Findings from the evaluation are…
Context and content
A survey examined health beliefs and intentions among 690 16-18 year-olds in Dundee. Respondents in the younger cohort (n = 363) were classified according to their educational situation (at school vs left) and self-reports of having received AIDS/HIV-relevant health education. Both remaining in school and receiving AIDS/HIV-relevant health education had independent beneficial effects, but the effects of leaving school also interacted with sex of …
Religiosity and adolescents' premarital sexual attitudes and behaviour
A review of the literature concerning the relationship between religiosity and premarital sexual attitudes and behaviour revealed inconsistencies in research findings and problems with methodology and operationalizations of variables. A postal questionnaire to 527 16‐ to 18‐year‐olds examined the associations between six models of religiosity (religious upbringing, denominational affiliation, ritual/behavioural, self‐attitude/self‐schema and sali…
Unemployment and self‐conception
A symbolic interactionist analysis of the relationship between unemployment and self‐conception was tested using a cross‐sectional questionnaire design ( n = 88). Job loss had significant negative associations with reflected appraisals (perceived evaluations) from friends, family, employers, unemployed people and people in general. Significant relationships between reflected appraisals and the evaluative, consistency and involvement dimensions of…
The psychology of preventive health
Can social cognitive models contribute to the effectiveness of HIV‐preventive behavioural interventions? A brief review of the literature and a reply to Joffe (1996; 1997) and Fife‐Schaw (1997)
A recent debate in the British Journal of Medical Psychology has considered the role of social cognitive models, such as the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behaviour, in understanding HIV‐preventive behaviour. In this paper we clarify some of the assumptions involved in applications of social cognitive models. We briefly review available evidence on the capacity of such models to predict HIV‐preventive sexual behaviour and ou…
Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use
Despite increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS, there has been no systematic review of correlates of condom use among heterosexual samples. To rectify this, the present study used meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between psychosocial variables and self-reported condom use. Six hundred sixty correlations distributed across 44 variables were derived from 121 empirical studies. Variables were organized in terms of the labeling, commitment, and e…
Cognitive predictors of adherence to malaria prophylaxis regimens on return from a malarious region
Conscientiousness and the Theory of Planned Behavior
Two studies explored the relationship between past behavior, personality traits, intentions, and behavior. Study 1 (N = 181) considered intentions to engage in goal-directed activity (health protection). Cognitions specified by the Theory of Planned Behavior were examined as mediators of the relationship between past behavior, personality, and intentions. The effect of conscientiousness on intention was partially mediated by cognitions, whereas t…
Scary warnings and rational precautions
Research into the effects of fear-arousal on precautionary motivation and action is reviewed. Current models do not adequately distinguish between emotional (i.e., fear arousal) and cognitive (i.e., threat perception) responses to fear appeals and, in general, are not well supported. Evidence suggesting that (i) coping appraisals are more powerful predictors of precautionary action than threat perception and that (ii) fear control processes may i…
Self‐esteem, stigma and community participation amongst people with learning difficulties living in the community
A cross‐sectional study examined the relationship between self‐esteem, community participation, age, perceived stigma and social support amongst a sample of 50 people with mild to moderate learning difficulties attending two day centres. Respondent‐paced, structured interviews following ethical and assessment guidelines were used to gather data. Retest interviews were conducted with 20% of the sample 3 months subsequently and only those measures …
Acting on intentions
Three studies tested the hypothesis that anticipated regret (AR) increases consistency between exercise intentions and behaviour. Study 1 employed a longitudinal survey design (N = 384). Measures specified by the theory of planned behaviour, past behaviour, and AR were used to predict self‐reported exercise behaviour 2 weeks later. AR moderated the intention‐behaviour relationship such that participants were most likely to exercise if they both i…
Interventions to change health behaviours
This critical review assesses whether evaluation studies can answer three key questions about behaviour change interventions: ‘Do they work? How well do they work? How do they work?’ Reviews of intervention evaluations are examined, particularly those addressing decreasing unprotected sexual intercourse and smoking. Selection of outcome measures and calculation of effect sizes are discussed. The article also considers the extent to which evaluati…
Sex Education as Health Promotion
RCT of a theory-based intervention promoting healthy eating and physical activity amongst out-patients older than 65 years
Perceived discrimination of international visitors to universities in Germany and the UK
The extent to which international students and academics feel discriminated against in the host country was explored in three samples from two countries: students in Germany (N=161), students in the UK (N=139), and academics in Germany (N=79). Respondents completed a measure of perceived discrimination of increasing severity, comprising antilocution (verbal derogation), avoidance, behavioural discrimination, and physical assault. Physical discern…
The role of affect in UK commuters' travel mode choices
Previous research has suggested that the choice between public transport and private car use is not solely based on utility considerations, such as time and cost. However, affective considerations tend not to be targeted in policy interventions to reduce car use. This may be due, in part, to a lack of clarity about which affective responses to car use are important and how they may affect willingness to switch to public transport. This study soug…
Social Psychological Factors in Lifestyle Change and Their Relevance to Policy
Crises in obesity and changes in the environment illustrate the need to change problematic behaviors and lifestyles in large segments of the population. This article uses social psychological theory and research to understand methods for facilitating lifestyle change. A basic assumption in the social psychological perspective is that the environment and the person interact to determine behavior. Both factors are important for understanding “upstr…
Can theory-based messages in combination with cognitive prompts promote exercise in classroom settings
What explains between-school differences in rates of smoking
School-level characteristics have an impact on male and female pupils' rates of smoking up to 15/16 years of age. The size of the school effect is greater for males at this age. The social environment of schools, in particular the quality of teacher-pupil relationships, pupils' attitude to school and the school's focus on caring and inclusiveness, can influence both boys' and girls' smoking. This provides support for the school-wide or "Health Pr…
A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions
Without standardized definitions of the techniques included in behavior change interventions, it is difficult to faithfully replicate effective interventions and challenging to identify techniques contributing to effectiveness across interventions. This research aimed to develop and test a theory-linked taxonomy of generally applicable behavior change techniques (BCTs).Twenty-six BCTs were defined. Two psychologists used a 5-page coding manual to…
Effective techniques in healthy eating and physical activity interventions
OBJECTIVE: Meta-analyses of behavior change (BC) interventions typically find large heterogeneity in effectiveness and small effects. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of active BC interventions designed to promote physical activity and healthy eating and investigate whether theoretically specified BC techniques improve outcome. DESIGN: Interventions, evaluated in experimental or quasi-experimental studies, using behavioral and/or cogn…
Modelling antecedents of blood donation motivation among non-donors of varying age and education
Understanding blood donation motivation among non-donors is prerequisite to effective recruitment. Two studies explored the psychological antecedents of blood donation motivation and the generalisability of a model of donation motivation across groups differing in age and educational level. An older well-educated population and a younger less well-educated population were sampled. The studies assessed the role of altruism, fear of blood/needles a…
Systematic review of reviews of intervention components associated with increased effectiveness in dietary and physical activity interventions
Psychology (36 obras) · Medicine (33 obras) · Social Psychology (23 obras) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (21 obras) · Nursing (17 obras) · Environmental health (16 obras) · Public health (15 obras) · Sociology (15 obras) · Psychiatry (14 obras) · Psychological intervention (13 obras)