Philip Carl Salzman
Biographic Data
| ID | 3585928 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Philip Carl Salzman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Philip Carl |
| FAMILY NAME | Salzman |
| SIGNATURE | SALZMAN P C |
| AFFILIATIONS | McGill University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 51 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 291 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Tribes
A tribe is a regional security organization. It ties together a number of local primary face-to-face groups. It is charged with control of territory, defense against outside intruders, and protection of humans, livestock, and productive resources, such as wells and cultivation. Whatever productive activity tribesmen are primarily engaged in, such as pastoralism or cultivation, each male, with the exception of holy men, serves also as a warrior. T…
Postcolonial Theory and the Arab-Israel Conflict
Pastoralists
Pastoralists depend for their livelihood on raising livestock on natural pasture. Livestock may be selected for meat, milk, wool, traction, carriage, or riding, or a combination. Pastoralists rarely rely solely on their livestock; they may also engage in hunting, fishing, cultivation, commerce, predatory raiding, and extortion. Some pastoral peoples are nomadic and others are sedentary, while yet others are partially mobile. Economically, some pa…
Robert S.G. Fletcher, British Imperialism and the Tribal Question: Desert Administration and Nomadic Societies in the Middle East, 1919-1936
Tribes Today: In Anthropology and in the World
At a fall 2012 conference on the culture of Baluchistan, a Nigerian academic remarked on the offensiveness of the term “tribe,” so considered because of the demeaning way it was used by the British
Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini by Rasmus Christian Elling
The Iranians I know best are the Baluch. During the years 1968–1976 I lived among Baluch for some twenty-seven months. More specifically, I lived primarily among the Dadolzai brasrend, or Dadolzai
When They Proclaim “Islam is the Answer,” What is the Question: The Return to Political Islam
The Arab sense of self is influenced by the belief that Arabic is the language of God, and that God chose the Arabs to convey to all of humanity the true religion of Islam. The Arab sense of self is also influenced by the historical facts that the ancestors of today's Arabs conquered much of the known world and dominated it for the better part of a thousand years. However, the last centuries have seen serious setbacks to the Arabs, who have answe…
Camps of the Tundra: Politics through Reindeer among Saami Pastoralists. Robert Paine
Arab Culture and Postcolonial Theory
The Iron Law of Politics
Political philosophers have doubted the compatibility of various major values, such as equality and freedom. Ethnographic and historical evidence has indicated the presence of (1) economic equality and individual freedom in the absence of civil peace in segmentary societies based on self-help; (2) economic equality and civil peace in the absence of individual freedom in corporate societies; and (3) individual freedom and civil peace in the absenc…
I.M. Lewis, Master Ethnographer of the Somali, Recipient of the I.U.A.E.S. Commission on Nomadic Peoples Lifetime Achievement Award
Walter Goldschmidt, Exemplary Anthropologist of East African Pastoralists, Recipient of the I.U.A.E.S. Commission on Nomadic Peoples Lifetime Achievement Award
Association for Political and Legal Anthropology: Fact and Value in Islamic Banking and Anthropology
Pastoral Nomads: Some General Observations Based on Research in Iran
A review of research on pastoral nomads in Iran leads to a number of general observations about pastoral nomadism. Nomadic movement is highly purposeful and is oriented toward achieving specific production or other goals. Commonly nomadic mobility is used to advance production goals in a number of diverse sectors. However, nomadism is not tied to one type of economic system; some nomads have generalized, consumption-oriented production, while oth…
On Reflexivity
The value of reflexivity has been widely accepted in anthropology during the past two decades. The concept of ref lexivity can be seen developing in the work of theorists and ethnographers of the 1960s and 1970s and was brought to flower among theorists and ethnographers of the 1980s and 1990s. But little critical analytic attention has been directed toward its claims to generate new understandings and inform about their positional foundations. H…
Toward a Balanced Approach to the Study of Equality
Hierarchical Image and Reality: The Construction of a Tribal Chiefship
Image and reality interplay in the chiefship of the Basseri tribe of southern Iran. We know the Basseri through the influential and rightly esteemed ethnography, Nomads of South Persia, by Fredrik Barth. Barth's account of the Basseri chief is vivid and striking, and, in placing the chiefship within the complex society of Iran, was an original contribution to the ethnographic literature. And yet there appear to be certain subtleties of the Basser…
Mobilita e nomadismo
Tempus de Baristas
Tempus de Baristas. 1992 (released in 1993). 141 minutes, color. video directed by David MacDougall. Produced by the Istituto Superiore Regionale Etnografico di Sardegna (Italy). For more information contact the Center for Media and Independent Learning, University of California Extension, Berkeley, CA 94704, or the Royal Anthropological Institute Video Sales, London, UK
Is Inequality Universal
Ethnographic characterizations of pastoralists as egalitarian have recently been contested on the grounds that new studies have demonstrated a widespread inequality in livestock ownership, thus proving that the notion of pastoral egalitarianism is a myth. This revisionist rejection of the egalitarianism of pastoralists appears difficult to sustain after examination of the literature. Ethnographic accounts show a wide range of pastoral societies, …
The Anthropology of Tribal and Peasant Pastoral Societies
African Pastoralist Systems: An Integrated Approach
African Pastoralist Systems: An Integrated Approach. Elliot Fratkin, A. Galvin, and Eric Albella Roth, eds. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 1994.viii+245 pp., Figures, maps, plates, tables, notes, references, contributors, index
Ethnography of Science
To the Editor
The Failure of Solitary Fieldwork
On Reflexivity
The value of reflexivity has been widely accepted in anthropology during the past two decades. The concept of ref lexivity can be seen developing in the work of theorists and ethnographers of the 1960s and 1970s and was brought to flower among theorists and ethnographers of the 1980s and 1990s. But little critical analytic attention has been directed toward its claims to generate new understandings and inform about their positional foundations. H…
Is Inequality Universal
Ethnographic characterizations of pastoralists as egalitarian have recently been contested on the grounds that new studies have demonstrated a widespread inequality in livestock ownership, thus proving that the notion of pastoral egalitarianism is a myth. This revisionist rejection of the egalitarianism of pastoralists appears difficult to sustain after examination of the literature. Ethnographic accounts show a wide range of pastoral societies, …
Reading The Nuer [and Comments and Reply]
The argument of Evans-Pritchard's classic The Nuer has been subject to conflicting interpretations. We examine these interpretations and then present a reading of the work that treats it as a whole. A key conclusion is that Evans-Pritchard distinguishes among three aspects of the "systems" he describes: (1) logical possibilities immanent in all forms of action, (2) cultural or local idioms in terms of which action is formulated and expressed, and…
Does Complementary Opposition Exist
Uncritical application of lineage theory can obscure the complex reality of political organization and process in segmentary societies. However, the argument that lineage theory is a folk ideology with no basis in behavioral reality seems unsupportable in the light of comparative and historical evidence which indicates that short-term and long-term territorial stability or instability are operative factors in the symbolic and behavioral significa…
The Future of Pastoral Peoples
Movement and Resource Extraction among Pastoral Nomads: The Case of the Shah Nawazi Baluch
Philip Salzman, Movement and Resource Extraction among Pastoral Nomads: The Case of the Shah Nawazi Baluch, Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 3, Comparative Studies of Nomadism and Pastoralism (Special Issue) (Jul., 1971), pp. 185-197
Ideology and Change in Middle Eastern Tribal Societies
Is Traditional Fieldwork Outmoded
Pastoral Nomads: Some General Observations Based on Research in Iran
A review of research on pastoral nomads in Iran leads to a number of general observations about pastoral nomadism. Nomadic movement is highly purposeful and is oriented toward achieving specific production or other goals. Commonly nomadic mobility is used to advance production goals in a number of diverse sectors. However, nomadism is not tied to one type of economic system; some nomads have generalized, consumption-oriented production, while oth…
Tribal Chiefs as Middlemen: The Politics of Encapsulation in the Middle East
Structural mechanisms of tribal encapsulation in the Middle East are examined and substantive hypotheses are presented. The most significant variable is centralization and decentralization of political authority operationally defined in terms of political authority roles at the tribal level. Examples are drawn from the Shah Nawazi Baluch and the Yomut Turkmen of Iran, the Kababish Arabs of the Sudan and the Tuareg of the Sahara. Tribes with indig…
Fads and Fashions in Anthropology
Adaptation and Political Organization in Iranian Baluchistan
Tribes Today: In Anthropology and in the World
At a fall 2012 conference on the culture of Baluchistan, a Nigerian academic remarked on the offensiveness of the term “tribe,” so considered because of the demeaning way it was used by the British
Continuity and Change in Baluchi Tribal Leadership
Direct consequences of pacification of the Yarahmadzai Baluch by the Iranian army in the campaigns of 1928–35 were the prohibition and cessation of raiding, imposition of Iranian military and civilian officials over the tribe, and limited access to previously unavailable labor and goods markets and to national government resources. Whatever the economic and psycho-cultural dislocations resulting from pacification, there was great structural conti…
Hierarchical Image and Reality: The Construction of a Tribal Chiefship
Image and reality interplay in the chiefship of the Basseri tribe of southern Iran. We know the Basseri through the influential and rightly esteemed ethnography, Nomads of South Persia, by Fredrik Barth. Barth's account of the Basseri chief is vivid and striking, and, in placing the chiefship within the complex society of Iran, was an original contribution to the ethnographic literature. And yet there appear to be certain subtleties of the Basser…
Tempus de Baristas
Tempus de Baristas. 1992 (released in 1993). 141 minutes, color. video directed by David MacDougall. Produced by the Istituto Superiore Regionale Etnografico di Sardegna (Italy). For more information contact the Center for Media and Independent Learning, University of California Extension, Berkeley, CA 94704, or the Royal Anthropological Institute Video Sales, London, UK
Arab Culture and Postcolonial Theory
The Iron Law of Politics
Political philosophers have doubted the compatibility of various major values, such as equality and freedom. Ethnographic and historical evidence has indicated the presence of (1) economic equality and individual freedom in the absence of civil peace in segmentary societies based on self-help; (2) economic equality and civil peace in the absence of individual freedom in corporate societies; and (3) individual freedom and civil peace in the absenc…
Mobilita e nomadismo
African Pastoralist Systems: An Integrated Approach
African Pastoralist Systems: An Integrated Approach. Elliot Fratkin, A. Galvin, and Eric Albella Roth, eds. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 1994.viii+245 pp., Figures, maps, plates, tables, notes, references, contributors, index
Tribal Organization and Subsistence: A Response to Emanuel Marx
Islam and Authority in Tribal Iran a Comparative Comment 1
Kirman and the Middle East: Paul Ward English's City and Village in Iran: Settlement and Economy in the Kirman Basin
Bedouin Justice: Law and Customs Among the Egyptian Bedouin
English's City and Village in Iran: A Comment
Adaptation and Political Organization in Iranian Baluchistan
Movement and Resource Extraction among Pastoral Nomads: The Case of the Shah Nawazi Baluch
Philip Salzman, Movement and Resource Extraction among Pastoral Nomads: The Case of the Shah Nawazi Baluch, Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 3, Comparative Studies of Nomadism and Pastoralism (Special Issue) (Jul., 1971), pp. 185-197
From Child to Adult: Studies in the Anthropology of Education
Ethnology: People and Politics in the Middle East: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Academic Association for Peace in the Middle East. Michael Curtis, ed
The Ways of the Desert
Continuity and Change in Baluchi Tribal Leadership
Direct consequences of pacification of the Yarahmadzai Baluch by the Iranian army in the campaigns of 1928–35 were the prohibition and cessation of raiding, imposition of Iranian military and civilian officials over the tribe, and limited access to previously unavailable labor and goods markets and to national government resources. Whatever the economic and psycho-cultural dislocations resulting from pacification, there was great structural conti…
Cave Dwellers and Citrus Growers: A Jewish Community in Libya and Israel
Tribal Chiefs as Middlemen: The Politics of Encapsulation in the Middle East
Structural mechanisms of tribal encapsulation in the Middle East are examined and substantive hypotheses are presented. The most significant variable is centralization and decentralization of political authority operationally defined in terms of political authority roles at the tribal level. Examples are drawn from the Shah Nawazi Baluch and the Yomut Turkmen of Iran, the Kababish Arabs of the Sudan and the Tuareg of the Sahara. Tribes with indig…
Islam and Authority in Tribal Iran a Comparative Comment 1
Ethnology: Nomads and Farmers: A Study of the Yörük of Southeastern Turkey. Daniel G. Bates
On the Demonstration of Our Sins
The Study of ‘Complex Society’ in the Middle East: A Review Essay
Anthropologists have devoted a good deal of attention recently to what they call ‘complex society’. This rather vague concept developed in contrast with ‘primitive’ or ‘simple’ society, the small-scale, isolated, local-oriented, non- literate grouping of like social parts which anthropologists made, or fancied, their primary object of study. This is Tonnies’ gemeinschaft, held together by Durkheim's ‘mechanical solidarity.’ ‘Complex society’ on t…
Ideology and Change in Middle Eastern Tribal Societies
Does Complementary Opposition Exist
Uncritical application of lineage theory can obscure the complex reality of political organization and process in segmentary societies. However, the argument that lineage theory is a folk ideology with no basis in behavioral reality seems unsupportable in the light of comparative and historical evidence which indicates that short-term and long-term territorial stability or instability are operative factors in the symbolic and behavioral significa…
Tribal Organization and Subsistence: A Response to Emanuel Marx
Ethnology: Market, Mosque and Mafraj: Social Inequality in a Yemeni Town. Thomas Gerholm
When Nomads Settle
Change and Development in Nomadic and Pastoral Societies
Metadata only record
The Future of Pastoral Peoples
Reading The Nuer [and Comments and Reply]
The argument of Evans-Pritchard's classic The Nuer has been subject to conflicting interpretations. We examine these interpretations and then present a reading of the work that treats it as a whole. A key conclusion is that Evans-Pritchard distinguishes among three aspects of the "systems" he describes: (1) logical possibilities immanent in all forms of action, (2) cultural or local idioms in terms of which action is formulated and expressed, and…
Commission on Nomadic Peoples
Is Traditional Fieldwork Outmoded
Sociology (36 works) · Political science (25 works) · Anthropology (22 works) · History (22 works) · Law (21 works) · Geography (20 works) · History (17 works) · Computer Science (16 works) · Law (15 works) · Politics (15 works)