A J Riekhoff
Biographic Data
| ID | 35974 |
|---|---|
| NAME | A J Riekhoff |
| GIVEN NAMES | A J |
| FAMILY NAME | Riekhoff |
| SIGNATURE | RIEKHOFF A J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Finnish Centre for Pensions |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0832-0565 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 42 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 16 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2016 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Creativity as It Unfolds: An Examination of Temporality in the Creative Process
Scholars view the creative process as a sequence of activities (e.g. problem construction, information search, idea generation, and idea development) that unfolds over time. This implies that time plays an important role in creativity. Unfortunately, however, the field lacks clear and explicit propositions about the temporal aspects of the creative process and lacks suitable methodology to examine this process in detail. In this paper, we firstly…
A long arm of adversity? Financial hardship during the life course and income in retirement
This study investigates whether and when financial hardship during the life course is related to pension income levels in 27 European countries and whether relations between hardship and pension income differ across gender and welfare regimes. Data from the Survey for Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe are used, combining retrospective information on respondents’ experienced financial hardship and their current pension income (N = 38,574). W…
What it means to be poor: Dimensions of economic hardship among older people living in poverty across Europe
There is a lack of comparative and quantitative research on how poverty manifests itself in the economic wellbeing of older people across European countries. In this study, we focus in on two central dimensions of economic wellbeing: the ability to pay for usual expenses and unexpected expenses. Our aim is to find out how often older people living at risk of poverty experience hardship on these dimensions, how these dimensions overlap, and whethe…
Patterns of work and retirement in a pension system with a flexible old-age retirement age: A register study of Finnish employees and self-employed persons born in 1949
The aims of this study were to explore patterns of work and retirement of Finnish employees and self-employed persons in a pension system with a flexible old-age retirement age and how income develops in these patterns. We used individual-level register data from Statistics Finland of the total Finnish birth cohort born in 1949. The cohort was 62–70 years old over the study period 2011–2019. Sequence and cluster analyses were used to identify typ…
Educational Expansion as a Driver of Longer Working Lives: Regression Decomposition Analysis of Changes in Labour Force Participation at Older Ages in Twenty-first Century Europe
This study investigates the contribution of educational expansion to changes in labour force participation among Europeans aged 55-74 between 2000 and 2019, while accounting for changes in educational inequalities in labour market activity. We use data from the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) for 26 countries and Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods to analyse the extent to which changes in the education structure may account…
Employers’ Retirement Age Norms in European Comparison
Policies incentivizing longer working lives can remain ineffective if employers are not able and willing to employ an aging workforce. Depending on what employers consider appropriate age norms for work and retirement, they may be more willing to recruit and retain older workers. This study investigates how these retirement age norms differ across Europe and how they are related to country- and gender-specific pension policies and employment prac…
Good or bad (in)stability? A cross-cohort study of the relation between career stability and earnings mobility in Finland
Although recent studies have found no signs of drastic destabilisation of employment and careers, it is possible that the returns of having a stable or unstable career have changed. This study looks at the link between early-career stability and earnings mobility in Finland: 1) What are the size and direction of the relations between various indicators of career stability and earnings mobility in early working life, and 2) Have these relations ch…
Pension reforms, the generational welfare contract and preferences for pro‐old welfare policies in Europe
This study investigates how various types of pension reforms affect the age‐related policy preferences of different cohorts and whether they reinforce or undermine the generational welfare contract. It uses detailed descriptions from OECD Pensions at a Glance reports to create indicators for pension reforms in 18 European countries between 2008 and 2016. These indicators are combined with European Social Survey data from 2008 and 2016 to measure …
Health shocks and couples' labor market participation: A turning point or stuck in the trajectory
A health shock can have lasting consequences for the employment of not only the individuals experiencing it, but also their spouses. In this article, we complement the individual approach to the impact of health shocks with a dyadic perspective and show how employment opportunities and restrictions within couples are interdependent in the face of severe illness. We investigate whether the association between male spouses' health shocks and couple…
Career stability in turbulent times: A cross-cohort study of mid-careers in Finland
In this article, we investigate whether the mid-career stability of Finnish men and women has changed for the birth cohorts 1958 to 1972 and, if so, what the driving forces are behind such changes. We analyse career stability during a 15-year period following the age of 30 using 'career turbulence' indicators. To identify the impact of cyclical and structural changes in the labour market, we analyse the association between initial employment stat…
Substitution and spill‐overs between early exit pathways in times of extending working lives in Europe
This article investigates to what extent instrument substitution between early exit pathways took place in Europe between 1995 and 2015. Using Eurostat aggregate data on labour market inactivity and employment rates among the population aged 55–64 in 19 European countries, we analyse substitution effects between pathways and overall spill‐over effects into non‐employment. In spite of a strong decline in early exit and rises in older workers’ empl…
Workforce Composition and the Risk of Labor Market Exit Among Older Workers in Finnish Companies
This article investigates how a firm’s workforce characteristics affect an individual’s timing of exit from the labor market. It analyzes the relations between the age, skill, and wage structures of companies and the risk of labor market exit of Finnish older workers by using the detailed longitudinal register-based Finnish Linked Employer–Employee Data. The study follows the Finnish working population born between 1942 and 1950 (N = 216,713). Mu…
Retirement Trajectories and Income Redistribution Through the Pension System in Finland
In this article, we investigate the redistributive outcomes of the Finnish pension system. We hypothesize that a pension system does not straightforwardly diminish, maintain, or increase income differences after retirement, but it can have different outcomes for different groups. Our focus is on differences in changes in income between groups that vary in their timing and type of retirement. We make use of longitudinal register-based data from th…
Institutional and socio-economic drivers of work-to-retirement trajectories in the Netherlands
Institutional exit pathways shape individual trajectories from work to retirement. In the Netherlands, early retirement schemes as well as disability and unemployment benefits structure the timing and complexity of transitions within such trajectories. Simultaneously, access to these exit pathways depends on the individuals’ entitlements to various social security programmes as well as their freedom to decide on the timing and path of exit. In th…
Gender Differences in Retirement in a Welfare State with High Female Labour Market Participation and Competing Exit Pathways
In this article, we analyse whether and how, in the context of high female labour market participation and competing exit pathways, Finnish women’s retirement differs from men’s. We test for the influence of gendered life courses, social stratification, late career vulnerability, and sector. Using data from the Finnish Centre for Pensions, we created individual sequences of monthly income statuses between ages 57 and 65 for a cohort born in 1948 …
The divergent logics of labour market reforms in times of permanent austerity
In an age of ‘permanent austerity’, growing economic insecurity may increase the demand for protection against labour market risks. At the same time, economic pressures may push governments to scale down on the provision of social protection. In this article, this contradiction is examined by focusing on reforms of two labour market institutions: unemployment benefits and employment protection legislation. It is argued that the incidence of refor…
Gender Differences in Retirement in a Welfare State with High Female Labour Market Participation and Competing Exit Pathways
In this article, we analyse whether and how, in the context of high female labour market participation and competing exit pathways, Finnish women’s retirement differs from men’s. We test for the influence of gendered life courses, social stratification, late career vulnerability, and sector. Using data from the Finnish Centre for Pensions, we created individual sequences of monthly income statuses between ages 57 and 65 for a cohort born in 1948 …
Health shocks and couples' labor market participation: A turning point or stuck in the trajectory
A health shock can have lasting consequences for the employment of not only the individuals experiencing it, but also their spouses. In this article, we complement the individual approach to the impact of health shocks with a dyadic perspective and show how employment opportunities and restrictions within couples are interdependent in the face of severe illness. We investigate whether the association between male spouses' health shocks and couple…
Institutional and socio-economic drivers of work-to-retirement trajectories in the Netherlands
Institutional exit pathways shape individual trajectories from work to retirement. In the Netherlands, early retirement schemes as well as disability and unemployment benefits structure the timing and complexity of transitions within such trajectories. Simultaneously, access to these exit pathways depends on the individuals’ entitlements to various social security programmes as well as their freedom to decide on the timing and path of exit. In th…
Career stability in turbulent times: A cross-cohort study of mid-careers in Finland
In this article, we investigate whether the mid-career stability of Finnish men and women has changed for the birth cohorts 1958 to 1972 and, if so, what the driving forces are behind such changes. We analyse career stability during a 15-year period following the age of 30 using 'career turbulence' indicators. To identify the impact of cyclical and structural changes in the labour market, we analyse the association between initial employment stat…
Employers’ Retirement Age Norms in European Comparison
Policies incentivizing longer working lives can remain ineffective if employers are not able and willing to employ an aging workforce. Depending on what employers consider appropriate age norms for work and retirement, they may be more willing to recruit and retain older workers. This study investigates how these retirement age norms differ across Europe and how they are related to country- and gender-specific pension policies and employment prac…
Good or bad (in)stability? A cross-cohort study of the relation between career stability and earnings mobility in Finland
Although recent studies have found no signs of drastic destabilisation of employment and careers, it is possible that the returns of having a stable or unstable career have changed. This study looks at the link between early-career stability and earnings mobility in Finland: 1) What are the size and direction of the relations between various indicators of career stability and earnings mobility in early working life, and 2) Have these relations ch…
Educational Expansion as a Driver of Longer Working Lives: Regression Decomposition Analysis of Changes in Labour Force Participation at Older Ages in Twenty-first Century Europe
This study investigates the contribution of educational expansion to changes in labour force participation among Europeans aged 55-74 between 2000 and 2019, while accounting for changes in educational inequalities in labour market activity. We use data from the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) for 26 countries and Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods to analyse the extent to which changes in the education structure may account…
Pension reforms, the generational welfare contract and preferences for pro‐old welfare policies in Europe
This study investigates how various types of pension reforms affect the age‐related policy preferences of different cohorts and whether they reinforce or undermine the generational welfare contract. It uses detailed descriptions from OECD Pensions at a Glance reports to create indicators for pension reforms in 18 European countries between 2008 and 2016. These indicators are combined with European Social Survey data from 2008 and 2016 to measure …
Substitution and spill‐overs between early exit pathways in times of extending working lives in Europe
This article investigates to what extent instrument substitution between early exit pathways took place in Europe between 1995 and 2015. Using Eurostat aggregate data on labour market inactivity and employment rates among the population aged 55–64 in 19 European countries, we analyse substitution effects between pathways and overall spill‐over effects into non‐employment. In spite of a strong decline in early exit and rises in older workers’ empl…
Workforce Composition and the Risk of Labor Market Exit Among Older Workers in Finnish Companies
This article investigates how a firm’s workforce characteristics affect an individual’s timing of exit from the labor market. It analyzes the relations between the age, skill, and wage structures of companies and the risk of labor market exit of Finnish older workers by using the detailed longitudinal register-based Finnish Linked Employer–Employee Data. The study follows the Finnish working population born between 1942 and 1950 (N = 216,713). Mu…
The divergent logics of labour market reforms in times of permanent austerity
In an age of ‘permanent austerity’, growing economic insecurity may increase the demand for protection against labour market risks. At the same time, economic pressures may push governments to scale down on the provision of social protection. In this article, this contradiction is examined by focusing on reforms of two labour market institutions: unemployment benefits and employment protection legislation. It is argued that the incidence of refor…
The divergent logics of labour market reforms in times of permanent austerity
In an age of ‘permanent austerity’, growing economic insecurity may increase the demand for protection against labour market risks. At the same time, economic pressures may push governments to scale down on the provision of social protection. In this article, this contradiction is examined by focusing on reforms of two labour market institutions: unemployment benefits and employment protection legislation. It is argued that the incidence of refor…
Gender Differences in Retirement in a Welfare State with High Female Labour Market Participation and Competing Exit Pathways
In this article, we analyse whether and how, in the context of high female labour market participation and competing exit pathways, Finnish women’s retirement differs from men’s. We test for the influence of gendered life courses, social stratification, late career vulnerability, and sector. Using data from the Finnish Centre for Pensions, we created individual sequences of monthly income statuses between ages 57 and 65 for a cohort born in 1948 …
Retirement Trajectories and Income Redistribution Through the Pension System in Finland
In this article, we investigate the redistributive outcomes of the Finnish pension system. We hypothesize that a pension system does not straightforwardly diminish, maintain, or increase income differences after retirement, but it can have different outcomes for different groups. Our focus is on differences in changes in income between groups that vary in their timing and type of retirement. We make use of longitudinal register-based data from th…
Institutional and socio-economic drivers of work-to-retirement trajectories in the Netherlands
Institutional exit pathways shape individual trajectories from work to retirement. In the Netherlands, early retirement schemes as well as disability and unemployment benefits structure the timing and complexity of transitions within such trajectories. Simultaneously, access to these exit pathways depends on the individuals’ entitlements to various social security programmes as well as their freedom to decide on the timing and path of exit. In th…
Workforce Composition and the Risk of Labor Market Exit Among Older Workers in Finnish Companies
This article investigates how a firm’s workforce characteristics affect an individual’s timing of exit from the labor market. It analyzes the relations between the age, skill, and wage structures of companies and the risk of labor market exit of Finnish older workers by using the detailed longitudinal register-based Finnish Linked Employer–Employee Data. The study follows the Finnish working population born between 1942 and 1950 (N = 216,713). Mu…
Substitution and spill‐overs between early exit pathways in times of extending working lives in Europe
This article investigates to what extent instrument substitution between early exit pathways took place in Europe between 1995 and 2015. Using Eurostat aggregate data on labour market inactivity and employment rates among the population aged 55–64 in 19 European countries, we analyse substitution effects between pathways and overall spill‐over effects into non‐employment. In spite of a strong decline in early exit and rises in older workers’ empl…
Pension reforms, the generational welfare contract and preferences for pro‐old welfare policies in Europe
This study investigates how various types of pension reforms affect the age‐related policy preferences of different cohorts and whether they reinforce or undermine the generational welfare contract. It uses detailed descriptions from OECD Pensions at a Glance reports to create indicators for pension reforms in 18 European countries between 2008 and 2016. These indicators are combined with European Social Survey data from 2008 and 2016 to measure …
Health shocks and couples' labor market participation: A turning point or stuck in the trajectory
A health shock can have lasting consequences for the employment of not only the individuals experiencing it, but also their spouses. In this article, we complement the individual approach to the impact of health shocks with a dyadic perspective and show how employment opportunities and restrictions within couples are interdependent in the face of severe illness. We investigate whether the association between male spouses' health shocks and couple…
Career stability in turbulent times: A cross-cohort study of mid-careers in Finland
In this article, we investigate whether the mid-career stability of Finnish men and women has changed for the birth cohorts 1958 to 1972 and, if so, what the driving forces are behind such changes. We analyse career stability during a 15-year period following the age of 30 using 'career turbulence' indicators. To identify the impact of cyclical and structural changes in the labour market, we analyse the association between initial employment stat…
Good or bad (in)stability? A cross-cohort study of the relation between career stability and earnings mobility in Finland
Although recent studies have found no signs of drastic destabilisation of employment and careers, it is possible that the returns of having a stable or unstable career have changed. This study looks at the link between early-career stability and earnings mobility in Finland: 1) What are the size and direction of the relations between various indicators of career stability and earnings mobility in early working life, and 2) Have these relations ch…
Employers’ Retirement Age Norms in European Comparison
Policies incentivizing longer working lives can remain ineffective if employers are not able and willing to employ an aging workforce. Depending on what employers consider appropriate age norms for work and retirement, they may be more willing to recruit and retain older workers. This study investigates how these retirement age norms differ across Europe and how they are related to country- and gender-specific pension policies and employment prac…
Patterns of work and retirement in a pension system with a flexible old-age retirement age: A register study of Finnish employees and self-employed persons born in 1949
The aims of this study were to explore patterns of work and retirement of Finnish employees and self-employed persons in a pension system with a flexible old-age retirement age and how income develops in these patterns. We used individual-level register data from Statistics Finland of the total Finnish birth cohort born in 1949. The cohort was 62–70 years old over the study period 2011–2019. Sequence and cluster analyses were used to identify typ…
Educational Expansion as a Driver of Longer Working Lives: Regression Decomposition Analysis of Changes in Labour Force Participation at Older Ages in Twenty-first Century Europe
This study investigates the contribution of educational expansion to changes in labour force participation among Europeans aged 55-74 between 2000 and 2019, while accounting for changes in educational inequalities in labour market activity. We use data from the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) for 26 countries and Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods to analyse the extent to which changes in the education structure may account…
Creativity as It Unfolds: An Examination of Temporality in the Creative Process
Scholars view the creative process as a sequence of activities (e.g. problem construction, information search, idea generation, and idea development) that unfolds over time. This implies that time plays an important role in creativity. Unfortunately, however, the field lacks clear and explicit propositions about the temporal aspects of the creative process and lacks suitable methodology to examine this process in detail. In this paper, we firstly…
A long arm of adversity? Financial hardship during the life course and income in retirement
This study investigates whether and when financial hardship during the life course is related to pension income levels in 27 European countries and whether relations between hardship and pension income differ across gender and welfare regimes. Data from the Survey for Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe are used, combining retrospective information on respondents’ experienced financial hardship and their current pension income (N = 38,574). W…
What it means to be poor: Dimensions of economic hardship among older people living in poverty across Europe
There is a lack of comparative and quantitative research on how poverty manifests itself in the economic wellbeing of older people across European countries. In this study, we focus in on two central dimensions of economic wellbeing: the ability to pay for usual expenses and unexpected expenses. Our aim is to find out how often older people living at risk of poverty experience hardship on these dimensions, how these dimensions overlap, and whethe…
Economics (14 works) · Demographic economics (13 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (13 works) · Labour economics (13 works) · Retirement, Disability, and Employment (12 works) · Psychology (9 works) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Economic growth (6 works) · Finance (5 works)