Joel Schwartz
Biographic Data
| ID | 3597701 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Joel Schwartz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Joel |
| FAMILY NAME | Schwartz |
| SIGNATURE | SCHWARTZ J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6168-378X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 101 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 265 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 101 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Association of mortality and combined oxidative capacity of ozone and nitrogen dioxide
Improved global air quality health index reveals ozone and nitrogen dioxide as main drivers of air-pollution-related acute mortality
The role of neighborhood and household level socio-economic status in determining air pollution exposure in two Indian cities
Although recent studies indicate that air pollution exposure affects lower socioeconomic groups more, there is limited evidence regarding the relative influence of household and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) on air pollution exposure in lower- and middle-income country settings. We evaluated the associations between neighborhood- and household-level SES metrics and exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in two populous Indian …
Associations of ambient exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene with daily mortality: A multicountry time-series study in 757 global locations
Long-term exposure to PM2·5 constituents and incident cancer among Medicare beneficiaries in the USA: A national cohort study
National Institutes of Health
The impacts of air pollution on mortality and hospital readmission among Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias: A national retrospective cohort stud…
Estimating the urban heat-related mortality burden due to greenness: A Global Modelling Study
Ozone-related acute excess mortality projected to increase in the absence of climate and air quality controls consistent with the Paris Agreement
Epigenome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation and Optimism in Women and Men
OBJECTIVE: Higher optimism is associated with reduced mortality and a lower risk of age-related chronic diseases. DNA methylation (DNAm) may provide insight into mechanisms underlying these relationships. We hypothesized that DNAm would differ among older individuals who are more versus less optimistic. METHODS: Using cross-sectional data from two population-based cohorts of women with diverse races/ethnicities ( n = 3816) and men (only White, n …
PM 2.5 data inputs alter identification of disadvantaged communities
Communities of color and lower income are often found to experience disproportionate levels of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) air pollution in the US (Pope and Dockery 2006 J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 56 709–42; Brook et al 2010 Circulation 121 2331–78; Tessum et al 2021 Sci. Adv . 7 eabf4491). The federal and several state governments use relatively coarsely resolved (12 km) PM 2.5 concentration estimates to identify overburdened communities.…
Associations between air pollution and psychiatric symptoms in the Normative Aging Study
Exposure to gaseous air pollutants was associated with higher intensity of psychiatric symptoms among a cohort of older men, particularly in communities with lower socio-economic or housing conditions
Climate change and health in Kuwait: Temperature and mortality projections under different climatic scenarios
It is uncertain what climate change could bring to populations and countries in the hot desert environment of the Arabian Peninsula. Not only because they are already hot, countries in this region also have unique demographic profiles, with migrant populations potentially more vulnerable and constituting a large share of the population. In Kuwait, two-thirds of the population are migrant workers and record-high temperatures are already common. We…
Development and Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Air Pollution Exposure Models and Their Combinations in the Greater London Area, UK
Land use regression (LUR) and dispersion/chemical transport models (D/CTMs) are frequently applied to predict exposure to air pollution concentrations at a fine scale for use in epidemiological studies. Moreover, the use of satellite aerosol optical depth data has been a key predictor especially for particulate matter pollution and when studying large populations. Within the STEAM project we present a hybrid spatio-temporal modeling framework by …
Pre- and Postnatal Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Childhood Cognitive and Adaptive Function
Increasing evidence exists for an association between early life fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure and several neurodevelopmental outcomes, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the association between PM 2.5 and adaptive and cognitive function remains poorly understood. Participants included 658 children with ASD, 771 with a non-ASD developmental disorder, and 849 population controls from the Study to Explore Early Developm…
Lead contamination of public drinking water and academic achievements among children in Massachusetts: A panel study
We found an association between the annual fluctuation of WLLs and math test scores in Massachusetts school districts, after adjusting for confounding by urbanicity, race, socioeconomic factors, school district, grade, and year. The implications of a detectable effect of WLLs on academic performance even at the modest levels evident in MA are significant and timely. Persistent efforts should be made to further reduce lead in drinking water
Optimism, Daily Stressors, and Emotional Well-Being Over Two Decades in a Cohort of Aging Men
Findings from a sample of older men suggest that optimism may be associated with more favorable emotional well-being in later life through differences in stressor exposure rather than emotional stress response. Optimism may preserve emotional well-being among older adults by engaging emotion regulation strategies that occur relatively early in the emotion-generative process
Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures from 2000 to 2019: A three-stage modelling study
BACKGROUND: Exposure to cold or hot temperatures is associated with premature deaths. We aimed to evaluate the global, regional, and national mortality burden associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures. METHODS: In this modelling study, we collected time-series data on mortality and ambient temperatures from 750 locations in 43 countries and five meta-predictors at a grid size of 0·5° × 0·5° across the globe. A three-stage analysis strategy…
The burden of heat-related mortality attributable to recent human-induced climate change
Climate change affects human health; however, there have been no large-scale, systematic efforts to quantify the heat-related human health impacts that have already occurred due to climate change. Here, we use empirical data from 732 locations in 43 countries to estimate the mortality burdens associated with the additional heat exposure that has resulted from recent human-induced warming, during the period 1991-2018. Across all study countries, w…
Maternal Ambient Exposure to Atmospheric Pollutants during Pregnancy and Offspring Term Birth Weight in the Nationwide Elfe Cohort
Our results support an adverse effect of air pollutant exposure on TBW. We highlighted a larger effect of air pollutants on TBW among women living in rural areas compared to women living in urban areas
Racial Disparities in Associations between Neighborhood Demographic Polarization and Birth Weight
Neighborhood demographic polarization, or the extent to which a privileged population group outnumbers a deprived group, can affect health by influencing social dynamics. While using birth records from 2001 to 2013 in Massachusetts ( n = 629,675), we estimated the effect of two demographic indices, racial residential polarization (RRP) and economic residential polarization (ERP), on birth weight outcomes, which are established predictors of the n…
Estimating the Combined Effects of Natural and Built Environmental Exposures on Birthweight among Urban Residents in Massachusetts
Intrauterine growth has health implications both in childhood and adulthood. Birthweight is partially determined by prenatal environmental exposures. We aim to identify important predictors of birthweight out of a set of environmental, built environment exposures, and socioeconomic environment variables during pregnancy (i.e., fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), temperature, greenness, walkability, noise, and economic indices). We included all sin…
Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in 652 Cities
BACKGROUND: The systematic evaluation of the results of time-series studies of air pollution is challenged by differences in model specification and publication bias. METHODS: ) with daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries or regions. Daily data on mortality and air pollution were collected from 652 cities in 24 countries or regions. We used overdispersed generalized additive models with random-effects…
Smoking-Related DNA Methylation is Associated with DNA Methylation Phenotypic Age Acceleration: The Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study
DNA methylation may play a critical role in aging and age-related diseases. DNA methylation phenotypic age (DNAmPhenoAge) is a new aging biomarker and predictor of chronic disease risk. While smoking is a strong risk factor for chronic diseases and influences methylation, its influence on DNAmPhenoAge is unknown. We investigated associations of self-reported and epigenetic smoking indicators with DNAmPhenoAge acceleration in a longitudinal aging …
Effects of Maternal Homelessness, Supplemental Nutrition Programs, and Prenatal PM2.5 on Birthweight
Few studies examined the impact of maternal socioeconomic status and of its combined effects with environmental exposures on birthweight. Our goal was to examine the impact of maternal homelessness (mothers ever homeless or who lived in shelters during pregnancy) and participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) during pregnancy in conjunction with air pollution exposure on birthweight in the Bo…
Neighborhood Greenness Attenuates the Adverse Effect of PM2.5 on Cardiovascular Mortality in Neighborhoods of Lower Socioeconomic Status
Features of the environment may modify the effect of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ) on health. Therefore, we investigated how neighborhood sociodemographic and land-use characteristics may modify the association between PM 2.5 and cardiovascular mortality. We obtained residence-level geocoded cardiovascular mortality cases from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health ( n = 179,986), and PM 2.5 predictions from …
The Structuring Principle: Political Socialization and Belief Systems
This paper assesses the theoretical significance of data on childhood political learning. Two socialization models are involved. Each confers relevance on childhood learning by linking it with political outcomes. The first is an allocative politics model, which seeks a linkage with policy outputs. The other is a system persistence model, looking toward the stability and continued existence of political systems. Each model incorporates the followi…
Group Influence and the Policy Process in the Soviet Union
It has become widely recognized that Soviet officials do not formulate public policy in a vacuum, and that, indeed, their deliberations take into account in some fashion the needs and demands of various elements of the society. Further, it has been observed that social groups of various types play a noticeable, if only rudimentary role in articulating interests to the top of the hierarchy. In fact one author has gone so far as to assert that comm…
Methodological issues in studies of air pollution and daily counts of deaths or hospital admissions
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To review the issues and methodologies in epidemiologic time series studies of daily counts of mortality and hospital admissions and illustrate some of the methodologies. DESIGN: This is a review paper with an example drawn from hospital admissions of the elderly in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. MAIN RESULTS: The central issue is control for seasonality. Both over and under control are possible, and the use of diagnostics, including plot…
Short term effects of air pollution on health: A European approach using epidemiologic time series data: the Aphea protocol
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Results from several studies over the past five years have shown that the current levels of pollutants in Europe and North America have adverse short term effects on health. The APHEA project aims to quantifying these in Europe, using standardised methodology. The project protocol and analytical methodology are presented here. DESIGN: Daily time series data were gathered for several air pollutants (sulphur dioxide; part…
Short-term effects of particulate air pollution on cardiovascular diseases in eight European cities
Study objective: As part of the APHEA project this study examined the association between airborne particles and hospital admissions for cardiac causes (ICD9 390–429) in eight European cities (Barcelona, Birmingham, London, Milan, the Netherlands, Paris, Rome, and Stockholm). All admissions were studied, as well as admissions stratified by age. The association for ischaemic heart disease (ICD9 410–413) and stroke (ICD9 430–438) was also studied, …
Participation and Multisubjective Understanding: An Interpretivist Approach to the Study of Political Participation
While traditional political theorists have long disputed the meaning of "political participation," scientific students of participation have agreed on an instrumentalist understanding, defining "participation" as an episodic public act of private individuals in the pursuit of their wants. Political scientists need to be more epistemologically self-conscious when they conceptualize "participation" if they are to avoid constraining both the collect…
Approaches for estimating effects of climate change on heat-related deaths: Challenges and opportunities
Empire on the Hudson: Entrepreneurial Vision and Political Power at the Port of New York Authority
Journal Article Empire on the Hudson: Entrepreneurial Vision and Political Power at the Port of New York Authority Get access Empire on the Hudson: Entrepreneurial Vision and Political Power at the Port of New York Authority by Jameson W. Doig. New York, Columbia University Press, 2001. 620 pp. $49.95. Joel Schwartz Joel Schwartz Montclair State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science …
Expanding the Scope of Environmental Risk Assessment to Better Include Differential Vulnerability and Susceptibility
The central paradigm of the Environmental Protection Agency is risk assessment. We examined how differential responses across population groups could be better integrated into the environmental risk assessment process, providing tools to achieve greater equity in health status in addition to risk reduction. Such integration was difficult with paradigms like reference dose and was easier with consideration of dose–response curves, which incorporat…
The Effect of the 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago on All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality
Objectives. We sought to reexamine the effects of the 1995 Chicago heat wave on all-cause and cause-specific mortality, including mortality displacement, using advanced time-series analysis methods. Methods. We used Poisson regression with penalized regression splines to model excess mortality and mortality displacement over a 50-day period centered on the day in which the heat wave temperature peaked, adjusting for meteorological and other varia…
Particulate Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Position in Rural and Urban Areas of the Northeastern United States
Objectives. Although differential exposure by socioeconomic position (SEP) to hazardous waste and lead is well demonstrated, there is less evidence for particulate air pollution (PM), which is associated with risk of death and illness. This study determined the relationship of ambient PM and SEP across several spatial scales. Methods. Geographic information system-based, spatio-temporal models were used to predict PM in the Northeastern United St…
Air pollution and emergency admissions in Boston, MA
Study Objective: Many studies have shown that ambient particulate air pollution (PM) is associated with increased risk of hospital admissions and deaths for cardiovascular or respiratory causes around the world. In general these have been analysed in association with PM 10 and ozone, whereas PM 2.5 is now the particle measure of greatest health and regulatory concern. And little has been published on associations of hospital admissions and PM com…
Drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness in the elderly of Philadelphia
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between drinking water quality and gastrointestinal illness in the elderly of Philadelphia. DESIGN: Within the general population, children and the elderly are at highest risk for gastrointestinal disease. This study investigates the potential association between daily fluctuations in drinking water turbidity and subsequent hospital admissions for gastrointestinal illness of elderly persons, control…
Urban air pollution progress despite sprawl: The “greening” of the vehicle fleet
Is carbon monoxide a risk factor for hospital admission for heart failure
Is carbon monoxide a risk factor for hospital admission for heart failure? J SchwartzCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.85.10.1343 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Exploring Potential Sources of Differential Vulnerability and Susceptibility in Risk From Environmental Hazards to Expand the Scope of Risk Assessment
Genetic factors, other exposures, individual disease states and allostatic load, psychosocial stress, and socioeconomic position all have the potential to modify the response to environmental exposures. Moreover, many of these modifiers covary with the exposure, leading to much higher risks in some subgroups. These are not theoretical concerns; rather, all these patterns have already been demonstrated in studies of the effects of lead and air pol…
Expanding the Scope of Risk Assessment: Methods of Studying Differential Vulnerability and Susceptibility
Several methodological issues have been identified in analysis of epidemiological data to better assess the distributional effects of exposures and hypotheses about effect modification. We discuss the hierarchical mixed model and some more complex methods. Methods of capturing inequality are a second dimension of risk assessment, and simulation studies are important because plausible choices for air pollution effects and effect modifiers could re…
Hobbes & the Two Kingdoms of God
There was once, under Moses and his successors, a kingdom of God and there will be another after the second coming of Christ. But no such kingdom can exist in the present, and therefore rebellion against the sovereign, here and now, cannot be justified in its name. Going beyond this generally well-understood purpose of Hobbes's theology, Professor Schwartz argues here that the distinction between the Jewish and Christian Kingdoms of God, as Hobbe…
Estimating the urban heat-related mortality burden due to greenness: A Global Modelling Study
The association of urbanicity with infant sleep duration
The Impact of Massachusetts’ Smoke-Free Workplace Laws on Acute Myocardial Infarction Deaths
Objectives. We examined the rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) deaths in Massachusetts before and after the implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free workplace law in July 2004. Methods. We used Poisson regression models to examine the impact of the state law in cities and towns with and without previous local smoking bans and the effect of the local laws for the period of 1999 through 2006. Results. The AMI mortality rate decreased by …
The Creative Destruction of Manhattan, 1900-1940
Journal Article The Creative Destruction of Manhattan, 1900–1940. By Max Page. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. xvi, 303 pp. $27.50, ISBN 0-226-64468-5.) Get access Joel Schwartz Joel Schwartz Montclair State University, Upper Montclair, New Jersey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 87, Issue 4, March 2001, Page 1539, https://doi.org/10.2307/2674842 Published: 0…
Fighting Poverty with Virtue: Moral Reform and America's Urban Poor, 1825-2000
Journal Article Fighting Poverty with Virtue: Moral Reform and America's Urban Poor, 1825–2000. By Joel Schwartz. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000. xxii, 353 pp. $39.95, isbn 0-253-33771-2.) Get access David T. Beito David T. Beito University of AlabamaTuscaloosa, Alabama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 88, Issue 3, December 2001, Page 1104, https://doi.org/1…
Short term effects of urban air pollution on respiratory health in Milan, Italy, 1980-89
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between daily urban air pollution and acute effects on respiratory health. STUDY DESIGN: Time series analysis following the procedure defined in the APHEA protocol. SETTING: City of Milan, Italy, from 1980-89. Two air pollutants, total suspended particulates (TSP) and sulphur dioxide (SO2), and two health outcomes, deaths and hospital admissions were considered. The last was analysed according to tw…
Tenant Unions in New York City's Low-Rent Housing, 1933-1949
Group Influence and the Policy Process in the Soviet Union
It has become widely recognized that Soviet officials do not formulate public policy in a vacuum, and that, indeed, their deliberations take into account in some fashion the needs and demands of various elements of the society. Further, it has been observed that social groups of various types play a noticeable, if only rudimentary role in articulating interests to the top of the hierarchy. In fact one author has gone so far as to assert that comm…
The Social Research-Social Policy Nexus
Social Welfare: Changing Policies and Changing Priorities
The Structuring Principle: Political Socialization and Belief Systems
This paper assesses the theoretical significance of data on childhood political learning. Two socialization models are involved. Each confers relevance on childhood learning by linking it with political outcomes. The first is an allocative politics model, which seeks a linkage with policy outputs. The other is a system persistence model, looking toward the stability and continued existence of political systems. Each model incorporates the followi…
The Philadelphia Riots of 1844: A Study in Ethnic Conflict
Cities of the Garden State: Essays in the Urban and Suburban History of New Jersey
Journal Article Cities of the Garden State: Essays in the Urban and Suburban History of New Jersey. Ed. by Joel Schwartz and Daniel Prosser. (Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt, 1977. xiii + 177 pp. Maps, illustrations, tables, and notes. Paper, $7.95.) Get access Tom Ticknor Tom Ticknor Lake Forest College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 66, Issue 3, December 1979, Pages 625–626, ht…
The New York City Rent Strikes of 1963-1964
The New York City rent strikes of the early 1960s were failures in the struggle to mobilize poor people. For decades social settlements and neighborhood radicals had practiced rent bargaining. However, the 1963 civil rights campaign tipped the balance, resulting in a reckless organization of rent strikes to force landlords to make repairs. Radicals mobilized few of the poor, but their "unions" inadvertently provided many with entrée to the city's…
Participation and Multisubjective Understanding: An Interpretivist Approach to the Study of Political Participation
While traditional political theorists have long disputed the meaning of "political participation," scientific students of participation have agreed on an instrumentalist understanding, defining "participation" as an episodic public act of private individuals in the pursuit of their wants. Political scientists need to be more epistemologically self-conscious when they conceptualize "participation" if they are to avoid constraining both the collect…
The Sexual Politics of J. J. Rousseau
The Penitentiary and Perfectibility in Tocqueville
Peer Reviewed
The Sexual Politics of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Hobbes & the Two Kingdoms of God
There was once, under Moses and his successors, a kingdom of God and there will be another after the second coming of Christ. But no such kingdom can exist in the present, and therefore rebellion against the sovereign, here and now, cannot be justified in its name. Going beyond this generally well-understood purpose of Hobbes's theology, Professor Schwartz argues here that the distinction between the Jewish and Christian Kingdoms of God, as Hobbe…
I. Liberalism and the Jewish Connection: A Study of Spinoza and the Young Marx
The Penitentiary and Perfectibility in Tocqueville
LEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE'S first book, a co-authored study of the American penitentiary system, is a little-known work which is -~ jL nevertheless of considerable theoretical interest.It represents ' See Boesche, 1980 (the only article on Tocqueville's study of the penitentiary of which I am aware), p. 550: "Only two of his commentators [namely Pierson 1938, andDrescher 1968] cast more than an obligatory glance toward Tocqueville's concern with priso…
Tenant Unions in New York City's Low-Rent Housing, 1933-1949
Freud and Freedom of Speech
In this essay I develop a psychoanalytic defense of freedom of speech that is implicit in Freud's works, principally in his discussions of verbal slips and jokes. Freud argues that freedom of speech benefits people by providing a harmless outlet for aggression, suggesting that it is better to express aggression in words than in violent deeds or to repress it altogether. The psychoanalytic defense of free speech has affinities with various liberal…
The Sexual Politics of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Home as Haven, Cloister, and Winnebago
Regression of experimental hamster cancer by beta carotene and algae extracts
Lead-induced anemia: Dose-response relationships and evidence for a threshold
We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiologic study to assess the association between blood lead level and hematocrit in 579 one to five year-old children living near a primary lead smelter in 1974. Blood lead levels ranged from 0.53 to 7.91 mumol/L (11 to 164 micrograms/dl). To predict hematocrit as a function of blood lead level and age, we derived non-linear regression models and fit percentile curves. We used logistic regression to predict the…
Pity and Judgment in Greek Drama: A Response to Professor Alford
the thin, interested self that has been advocated by liberal theory and constituted by liberal practice. He frames his thoughtful analysis with a summary of A. O. Hirschman's account of the process whereby early modem authors, first, lost faith in the capacity of reason to control the and, second, set about to transform these dangerous passions into orderly and predictable interests. Professor Alford suggests that a more promising approach can be…
Pity and Judgment in Greek Drama: A Response to Professor Alford
The New York Approach: Robert Moses, Urban Liberals, and Redevelopment of the Inner City
Postindustrial New York and the End of Urban History
Is carbon monoxide a risk factor for hospital admission for heart failure
Is carbon monoxide a risk factor for hospital admission for heart failure? J SchwartzCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.85.10.1343 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Medicine (55 works) · Air Quality and Health Impacts (43 works) · Environmental health (38 works) · Climate Change and Health Impacts (36 works) · Population (30 works) · Geography (28 works) · Political science (27 works) · Demography (25 works) · Environmental Science (25 works) · Air pollution (23 works)