Jaime Schultz
Biographic Data
| ID | 3601641 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jaime Schultz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jaime |
| FAMILY NAME | Schultz |
| SIGNATURE | SCHULTZ J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Pennsylvania State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1925-1152 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 83 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Regulating Bodies: Elite Sport Policies and Their Unintended Consequences
Regulating Bodies: Elite Sport Policies and Their Unintended Consequences presents the first global history of protective policies in elite sports. It discusses the scientization of the sport and the lasting influence of protective policies on discourses around age, weight, sex, impairment, and enhancement. The classifications are promoted to safeguard the health and well-being of athletes and the spirit of fair play. However, protective policies…
Women's Movement: Sport, Feminism, and the Torch Relay of the 1977 National Women's Conference
It made for a great photograph. Icons of the feminist movement, stars of women's sport, and amateur athletes joined in a show of solidarity, rallied around the torch that would inaugurate the 1977 National Women's Conference in Houston, Texas (Figure 1). It was the first federally funded meeting of its kind, and 20,000 people cheered the arrival of the flame and the illustrious if motley crew that bore it aloft. The moment was, according to the o…
Rethinking Technological Change in Sport
This article conceptualizes technological change in athletic equipment by considering the fiberglass vaulting pole as it was introduced, diffused, adopted, and ultimately transformed pole vaulting between 1958 and 1964. It specifically argues that technological change in sport requires the emergence of five indicators: a critical mass of users, regulatory sanction, a period of re-skilling, consumer appeal, and industry sponsorship
Prelude to a Crisis
This article is an interdisciplinary or “biocultural” collaboration between a neuropsychologist and a sport historian. By examining the history of research on sport-related concussion, specifically as it relates to boxing and American football, we contend that there are important, if often overlooked, precursors to the post-2005 concussion “crisis.” In particular, we argue for greater attention to the development of sports neuropsychology, the sc…
An Introduction to Reading the Past Critically
This special issue of the Journal of Sport History honors the legacy of Dr. Susan Birrell who retired from the University of Iowa in December 2019 as a professor of American studies, although this was certainly not the end to her storied career. As editors of this special issue, “Reading the Past Critically: Honoring the Legacy of Susan Birrell,” we have benefitted from our relationships with Susan in countless ways. She has been our graduate adv…
Manning Up: Modern Manhood, Rudimentary Pugilistic Capital, and Esquire Network's White Collar Brawlers
Debuting in 2013, Esquire Network's first season of White Collar Brawlers features professional-class men with workplace conflicts looking to 'settle the score in the ring.' In the show, white-collar men are portrayed as using boxing to reclaim ostensibly primal aspects of masculinity, which their professional lives do not provide, making them appear as better men and more productive constituents of a postindustrial service economy. Through this …
More than Fun and Games: Cell 16, Female Liberation, and Physical Competence, or Why Sport Matters
Active in the Boston area from 1968 to 1974, members of the radical feminist organization Cell 16 advocated for a number of important causes, including martial arts training for women. In sparking the era’s feminist self-defence movement, they argued that learning to fight was ‘an absolutely necessary step in eradicating male supremacy and dominance’. Cell 16ers maintained that women had been conditioned to be docile, dependent, and ‘pitifully we…
Racialized Osteology and Athletic Aptitude, or “Black” Bones as Red Herrings
Research about “black” bones generated within the fields of craniometry, forensic anthropology, and sport science affects ideas about the suitability of “black” bodies for collision and aquatic sports. The belief that people of African descent have thicker, denser bones presupposes an attribute that allegedly guards against fracture but impedes buoyancy: “black” bones are less likely to break and more likely to sink. The mythology of strong black…
Preface: American National Pastimes
Additional informationNotes on contributorsMark DyresonMark Dyreson is Professor of Kinesiology and Affiliate Professor of History at Pennsylvania State University. He has published widely on the history of modern sports including Making the American Team: Sport, Culture and the Olympic Experience (University of Illinois Press, 1998) and Crafting Patriotism for Global Domination: America at the Olympic Games (Routledge, 2009).Jaime SchultzJaime S…
A Brief Taxonomy of Sports that Were Not Quite American National Pastimes: Fads and Flashes-in-the-Pan, Nationwide and Regional Pastimes, the Pastimes of Other Nations, and Pan-National Pastimes
Several sports have served as American national pastimes over the course of the nation's history. Horse racing, hunting, prize fighting, baseball, football, and basketball have waxed and waned in a long series of debates over what constitutes ‘true' national pastimes. Unlike some nations that have declared national pastimes by governmental fiat, US national games emerge from organic and sometimes chaotic cultural processes. An alternative history…
Going the Distance: The Road to the 1984 Olympic Women's Marathon
The 1984 Los Angeles Games hosted, for the first time in Olympic history, a women's marathon race. It took the efforts of several important factions to accomplish the event. First, women runners demonstrated that they were capable of running great distances in increasingly faster times. Second, the popular media publicised those performances, often mitigating athletic commentary with observations about the runners' femininity, attractiveness and …
From Ladies' Days to Women's Initiatives: American Pastimes and Distaff Consumption
American entrepreneurs have, for more than a century, sought to cultivate female consumers of national pastimes, specifically horse racing, boxing, baseball, football and basketball. Because these sports have been principally and historically associated with manliness and masculinity, it is more appropriate to think in terms of women's involvement and consumption, as opposed to their athletic participation when it comes to ‘pastime' status. Marke…
Glory Road (2006) and the White Savior Historical Sport Film
Based on a true story, Glory Road recounts the story of the 1966 national championship Texas Western College basketball team and coach Don Haskins' decision to start, for the first time in tournament history, five black players. Contextualized by sociologist Patricia Hill Collins' concept of “new racism,” this article argues that filmmakers manipulated history in order to inflate Haskins' progressive convictions by omitting, augmenting, and fabri…
The Truth about Historical Sport Films
This article analyzes three new-millennial historical sports films that deal with racial desegregation and integration in the United States: Remember the Titans (2000), Glory Road (2006), and The Express (2008). Specifically, it attends to the ways in which filmmakers play fast and loose with history when it comes to chronology, characters, and past events. The intent is not to focus on micromistakes but rather to consider those inaccuracies most…
The accidental celebritisation of Caster Semenya
In 2009, South African athletics star Caster Semenya won the 800-metre women's title at the track and field World Championships in Berlin. Shortly before the final heat of that event, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) confirmed reports that she had been subjected to a process of ‘gender verification’. This essay examines the ways in which the international media produced Semenya's accidental celebrity using Entman's (1…
Contesting the Master Narrative: The Arthur Ashe Statue and Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia
Located at the heart of what was once the capital of the Confederate States of America, Monument Avenue is ‘Virginia's place to be recognized by Virginians’. For over a century the Richmond street's commemorative art paid homage to those labelled ‘heroes’ of the Confederacy, normalising and sanctioning a white, masculine, martial dominance that became increasingly incongruous with the city's demographics. In 1996, the hotly contested addition of …
The Physical is Political: Women's Suffrage, Pilgrim Hikes and the Public Sphere
In the first decades of the twentieth century, American women held swimming competitions, scaled mountains, piloted aeroplanes and staged large-scale parades in their quest for the right to vote. In effect, they spectacularized suffrage by positioning their bodies in the public sphere rather than confining their mission to the parlours and meeting-halls of their more conservative sisters. In this essay, I examine two suffrage hikes that took plac…
Stuff from which legends are made’: Jack Trice Stadium and the politics of memory
This paper considers the politics involved in naming Iowa State University's football stadium after Jack Trice, the school's first African American athlete and its only athlete to die from injuries sustained in competition. This decision took place in the mid- to late-1990s, at nearly the same time administrators dedicated another site of memory on Iowa State's campus – Carrie Chapman Catt Hall. Catt, an esteemed alumna of the school, was an impo…
Reading the Catsuit: Serena Williams and the Production of Blackness at the 2002 U.S. Open
During the 2002 U.S. Open, Serena Williams received a great deal of attention for wearing an outfit described as 'a body-clinging, faux leather, black cat-suit.' It was not necessarily the catsuit itself that the popular media found especially controversial but rather the visibility of her physique the outfit provided. The ways in which Serena Williams, the outfit, and her body were discussed offers a particular site at which to interrogate the p…
Discipline and Push-Up: Female Bodies, Femininity, and Sexuality in Popular Representations of Sports Bras
The invention of the commercial sports bra in 1977 was a significant advancement for physically active women. Despite its humble origins as an enabling technology, the sports bra has since been invested with new and varied cultural meanings and currencies. In this article I critically read popular representations of sports bras, specifically advertisements and “iconic sports-bra moments” that circulate around Brandi Chastain’s celebration of the …
Reading the Catsuit: Serena Williams and the Production of Blackness at the 2002 U.S. Open
During the 2002 U.S. Open, Serena Williams received a great deal of attention for wearing an outfit described as 'a body-clinging, faux leather, black cat-suit.' It was not necessarily the catsuit itself that the popular media found especially controversial but rather the visibility of her physique the outfit provided. The ways in which Serena Williams, the outfit, and her body were discussed offers a particular site at which to interrogate the p…
Discipline and Push-Up: Female Bodies, Femininity, and Sexuality in Popular Representations of Sports Bras
The invention of the commercial sports bra in 1977 was a significant advancement for physically active women. Despite its humble origins as an enabling technology, the sports bra has since been invested with new and varied cultural meanings and currencies. In this article I critically read popular representations of sports bras, specifically advertisements and “iconic sports-bra moments” that circulate around Brandi Chastain’s celebration of the …
Going the Distance: The Road to the 1984 Olympic Women's Marathon
The 1984 Los Angeles Games hosted, for the first time in Olympic history, a women's marathon race. It took the efforts of several important factions to accomplish the event. First, women runners demonstrated that they were capable of running great distances in increasingly faster times. Second, the popular media publicised those performances, often mitigating athletic commentary with observations about the runners' femininity, attractiveness and …
The Truth about Historical Sport Films
This article analyzes three new-millennial historical sports films that deal with racial desegregation and integration in the United States: Remember the Titans (2000), Glory Road (2006), and The Express (2008). Specifically, it attends to the ways in which filmmakers play fast and loose with history when it comes to chronology, characters, and past events. The intent is not to focus on micromistakes but rather to consider those inaccuracies most…
Stuff from which legends are made’: Jack Trice Stadium and the politics of memory
This paper considers the politics involved in naming Iowa State University's football stadium after Jack Trice, the school's first African American athlete and its only athlete to die from injuries sustained in competition. This decision took place in the mid- to late-1990s, at nearly the same time administrators dedicated another site of memory on Iowa State's campus – Carrie Chapman Catt Hall. Catt, an esteemed alumna of the school, was an impo…
Contesting the Master Narrative: The Arthur Ashe Statue and Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia
Located at the heart of what was once the capital of the Confederate States of America, Monument Avenue is ‘Virginia's place to be recognized by Virginians’. For over a century the Richmond street's commemorative art paid homage to those labelled ‘heroes’ of the Confederacy, normalising and sanctioning a white, masculine, martial dominance that became increasingly incongruous with the city's demographics. In 1996, the hotly contested addition of …
The Physical is Political: Women's Suffrage, Pilgrim Hikes and the Public Sphere
In the first decades of the twentieth century, American women held swimming competitions, scaled mountains, piloted aeroplanes and staged large-scale parades in their quest for the right to vote. In effect, they spectacularized suffrage by positioning their bodies in the public sphere rather than confining their mission to the parlours and meeting-halls of their more conservative sisters. In this essay, I examine two suffrage hikes that took plac…
From Ladies' Days to Women's Initiatives: American Pastimes and Distaff Consumption
American entrepreneurs have, for more than a century, sought to cultivate female consumers of national pastimes, specifically horse racing, boxing, baseball, football and basketball. Because these sports have been principally and historically associated with manliness and masculinity, it is more appropriate to think in terms of women's involvement and consumption, as opposed to their athletic participation when it comes to ‘pastime' status. Marke…
Manning Up: Modern Manhood, Rudimentary Pugilistic Capital, and Esquire Network's White Collar Brawlers
Debuting in 2013, Esquire Network's first season of White Collar Brawlers features professional-class men with workplace conflicts looking to 'settle the score in the ring.' In the show, white-collar men are portrayed as using boxing to reclaim ostensibly primal aspects of masculinity, which their professional lives do not provide, making them appear as better men and more productive constituents of a postindustrial service economy. Through this …
More than Fun and Games: Cell 16, Female Liberation, and Physical Competence, or Why Sport Matters
Active in the Boston area from 1968 to 1974, members of the radical feminist organization Cell 16 advocated for a number of important causes, including martial arts training for women. In sparking the era’s feminist self-defence movement, they argued that learning to fight was ‘an absolutely necessary step in eradicating male supremacy and dominance’. Cell 16ers maintained that women had been conditioned to be docile, dependent, and ‘pitifully we…
Racialized Osteology and Athletic Aptitude, or “Black” Bones as Red Herrings
Research about “black” bones generated within the fields of craniometry, forensic anthropology, and sport science affects ideas about the suitability of “black” bodies for collision and aquatic sports. The belief that people of African descent have thicker, denser bones presupposes an attribute that allegedly guards against fracture but impedes buoyancy: “black” bones are less likely to break and more likely to sink. The mythology of strong black…
The accidental celebritisation of Caster Semenya
In 2009, South African athletics star Caster Semenya won the 800-metre women's title at the track and field World Championships in Berlin. Shortly before the final heat of that event, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) confirmed reports that she had been subjected to a process of ‘gender verification’. This essay examines the ways in which the international media produced Semenya's accidental celebrity using Entman's (1…
Discipline and Push-Up: Female Bodies, Femininity, and Sexuality in Popular Representations of Sports Bras
The invention of the commercial sports bra in 1977 was a significant advancement for physically active women. Despite its humble origins as an enabling technology, the sports bra has since been invested with new and varied cultural meanings and currencies. In this article I critically read popular representations of sports bras, specifically advertisements and “iconic sports-bra moments” that circulate around Brandi Chastain’s celebration of the …
Reading the Catsuit: Serena Williams and the Production of Blackness at the 2002 U.S. Open
During the 2002 U.S. Open, Serena Williams received a great deal of attention for wearing an outfit described as 'a body-clinging, faux leather, black cat-suit.' It was not necessarily the catsuit itself that the popular media found especially controversial but rather the visibility of her physique the outfit provided. The ways in which Serena Williams, the outfit, and her body were discussed offers a particular site at which to interrogate the p…
Stuff from which legends are made’: Jack Trice Stadium and the politics of memory
This paper considers the politics involved in naming Iowa State University's football stadium after Jack Trice, the school's first African American athlete and its only athlete to die from injuries sustained in competition. This decision took place in the mid- to late-1990s, at nearly the same time administrators dedicated another site of memory on Iowa State's campus – Carrie Chapman Catt Hall. Catt, an esteemed alumna of the school, was an impo…
The Physical is Political: Women's Suffrage, Pilgrim Hikes and the Public Sphere
In the first decades of the twentieth century, American women held swimming competitions, scaled mountains, piloted aeroplanes and staged large-scale parades in their quest for the right to vote. In effect, they spectacularized suffrage by positioning their bodies in the public sphere rather than confining their mission to the parlours and meeting-halls of their more conservative sisters. In this essay, I examine two suffrage hikes that took plac…
Contesting the Master Narrative: The Arthur Ashe Statue and Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia
Located at the heart of what was once the capital of the Confederate States of America, Monument Avenue is ‘Virginia's place to be recognized by Virginians’. For over a century the Richmond street's commemorative art paid homage to those labelled ‘heroes’ of the Confederacy, normalising and sanctioning a white, masculine, martial dominance that became increasingly incongruous with the city's demographics. In 1996, the hotly contested addition of …
The accidental celebritisation of Caster Semenya
In 2009, South African athletics star Caster Semenya won the 800-metre women's title at the track and field World Championships in Berlin. Shortly before the final heat of that event, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) confirmed reports that she had been subjected to a process of ‘gender verification’. This essay examines the ways in which the international media produced Semenya's accidental celebrity using Entman's (1…
Preface: American National Pastimes
Additional informationNotes on contributorsMark DyresonMark Dyreson is Professor of Kinesiology and Affiliate Professor of History at Pennsylvania State University. He has published widely on the history of modern sports including Making the American Team: Sport, Culture and the Olympic Experience (University of Illinois Press, 1998) and Crafting Patriotism for Global Domination: America at the Olympic Games (Routledge, 2009).Jaime SchultzJaime S…
A Brief Taxonomy of Sports that Were Not Quite American National Pastimes: Fads and Flashes-in-the-Pan, Nationwide and Regional Pastimes, the Pastimes of Other Nations, and Pan-National Pastimes
Several sports have served as American national pastimes over the course of the nation's history. Horse racing, hunting, prize fighting, baseball, football, and basketball have waxed and waned in a long series of debates over what constitutes ‘true' national pastimes. Unlike some nations that have declared national pastimes by governmental fiat, US national games emerge from organic and sometimes chaotic cultural processes. An alternative history…
Going the Distance: The Road to the 1984 Olympic Women's Marathon
The 1984 Los Angeles Games hosted, for the first time in Olympic history, a women's marathon race. It took the efforts of several important factions to accomplish the event. First, women runners demonstrated that they were capable of running great distances in increasingly faster times. Second, the popular media publicised those performances, often mitigating athletic commentary with observations about the runners' femininity, attractiveness and …
From Ladies' Days to Women's Initiatives: American Pastimes and Distaff Consumption
American entrepreneurs have, for more than a century, sought to cultivate female consumers of national pastimes, specifically horse racing, boxing, baseball, football and basketball. Because these sports have been principally and historically associated with manliness and masculinity, it is more appropriate to think in terms of women's involvement and consumption, as opposed to their athletic participation when it comes to ‘pastime' status. Marke…
Glory Road (2006) and the White Savior Historical Sport Film
Based on a true story, Glory Road recounts the story of the 1966 national championship Texas Western College basketball team and coach Don Haskins' decision to start, for the first time in tournament history, five black players. Contextualized by sociologist Patricia Hill Collins' concept of “new racism,” this article argues that filmmakers manipulated history in order to inflate Haskins' progressive convictions by omitting, augmenting, and fabri…
The Truth about Historical Sport Films
This article analyzes three new-millennial historical sports films that deal with racial desegregation and integration in the United States: Remember the Titans (2000), Glory Road (2006), and The Express (2008). Specifically, it attends to the ways in which filmmakers play fast and loose with history when it comes to chronology, characters, and past events. The intent is not to focus on micromistakes but rather to consider those inaccuracies most…
More than Fun and Games: Cell 16, Female Liberation, and Physical Competence, or Why Sport Matters
Active in the Boston area from 1968 to 1974, members of the radical feminist organization Cell 16 advocated for a number of important causes, including martial arts training for women. In sparking the era’s feminist self-defence movement, they argued that learning to fight was ‘an absolutely necessary step in eradicating male supremacy and dominance’. Cell 16ers maintained that women had been conditioned to be docile, dependent, and ‘pitifully we…
Racialized Osteology and Athletic Aptitude, or “Black” Bones as Red Herrings
Research about “black” bones generated within the fields of craniometry, forensic anthropology, and sport science affects ideas about the suitability of “black” bodies for collision and aquatic sports. The belief that people of African descent have thicker, denser bones presupposes an attribute that allegedly guards against fracture but impedes buoyancy: “black” bones are less likely to break and more likely to sink. The mythology of strong black…
Manning Up: Modern Manhood, Rudimentary Pugilistic Capital, and Esquire Network's White Collar Brawlers
Debuting in 2013, Esquire Network's first season of White Collar Brawlers features professional-class men with workplace conflicts looking to 'settle the score in the ring.' In the show, white-collar men are portrayed as using boxing to reclaim ostensibly primal aspects of masculinity, which their professional lives do not provide, making them appear as better men and more productive constituents of a postindustrial service economy. Through this …
An Introduction to Reading the Past Critically
This special issue of the Journal of Sport History honors the legacy of Dr. Susan Birrell who retired from the University of Iowa in December 2019 as a professor of American studies, although this was certainly not the end to her storied career. As editors of this special issue, “Reading the Past Critically: Honoring the Legacy of Susan Birrell,” we have benefitted from our relationships with Susan in countless ways. She has been our graduate adv…
Regulating Bodies: Elite Sport Policies and Their Unintended Consequences
Regulating Bodies: Elite Sport Policies and Their Unintended Consequences presents the first global history of protective policies in elite sports. It discusses the scientization of the sport and the lasting influence of protective policies on discourses around age, weight, sex, impairment, and enhancement. The classifications are promoted to safeguard the health and well-being of athletes and the spirit of fair play. However, protective policies…
Women's Movement: Sport, Feminism, and the Torch Relay of the 1977 National Women's Conference
It made for a great photograph. Icons of the feminist movement, stars of women's sport, and amateur athletes joined in a show of solidarity, rallied around the torch that would inaugurate the 1977 National Women's Conference in Houston, Texas (Figure 1). It was the first federally funded meeting of its kind, and 20,000 people cheered the arrival of the flame and the illustrious if motley crew that bore it aloft. The moment was, according to the o…
Rethinking Technological Change in Sport
This article conceptualizes technological change in athletic equipment by considering the fiberglass vaulting pole as it was introduced, diffused, adopted, and ultimately transformed pole vaulting between 1958 and 1964. It specifically argues that technological change in sport requires the emergence of five indicators: a critical mass of users, regulatory sanction, a period of re-skilling, consumer appeal, and industry sponsorship
Prelude to a Crisis
This article is an interdisciplinary or “biocultural” collaboration between a neuropsychologist and a sport historian. By examining the history of research on sport-related concussion, specifically as it relates to boxing and American football, we contend that there are important, if often overlooked, precursors to the post-2005 concussion “crisis.” In particular, we argue for greater attention to the development of sports neuropsychology, the sc…
Sociology (15 works) · Sports, Gender, and Society (15 works) · Political science (14 works) · History (13 works) · Sport and Mega-Event Impacts (13 works) · History (11 works) · Law (10 works) · Gender Studies (9 works) · Law (9 works) · Art (8 works)