Craig S Smith

Biographic Data

ID3619387
NAMECraig S Smith
GIVEN NAMESCraig S
FAMILY NAMESmith
SIGNATURESMITH C S
AFFILIATIONSindependent scholar
ORCID0000-0002-5923-7921
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS26
TOTAL CITATIONS201
AUTHOR COUNT26
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1983
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2025
H-INDEX9

  • Variation of Early and Middle Holocene Earth Oven Technology in Wyoming and Implications for Forager Adaptations

    Open AccessCharles W Koenig, Craig S Smith et al.ARTICLEAmerican Antiquity2025References: 38

    Earth oven baking pits are common occurrences within the Indigenous archaeological record of North America, yet archaeologists have paid minimal attention to evaluating how earth oven technology varies over the long term. The extensively sampled record of thermal features from Wyoming represents a unique opportunity to evaluate changes in earth oven technology through time and consider how earth ovens relate to other facets of Indigenous land use…

  • An introduction of a new earth oven technology and hunter-gatherer intensification

    Craig S Smith, Craig E SmithARTICLEPlains Anthropologist2024References: 37

    Earth ovens for baking of geophytes and desert succulents are a common feature found in diverse cultural and geographic settings throughout western and central North America beginning in the early Holocene. An important research focus has been to understand the role earth ovens have played in hunter-gatherer intensification, a time of declining forager efficiency resulting in the transformation of adaptive systems. As part of social and subsisten…

  • The bow and arrow, population, environment, and seeds

    Open AccessCraig S SmithARTICLEJournal of Anthropological…2021Cited by: 9References: 69

  • Hunter-gatherer immediate-return systems

    Craig S SmithARTICLEPlains Anthropologist2020Cited by: 3References: 68

    The classification of hunter-gatherer societies as immediate-return or delayed-return offers a framework to explore variation in their adaptive strategies. Immediate-return societies would have evidence of limited food storage, sharing of resources, and high residential mobility. Archaeological attributes of an immediate-return society include the absence of formal storage facilities, artifact refits among dwellings indicating the sharing of reso…

  • Coronavirus Infection and Diversity in Bats in the Australasian Region

    Open AccessCraig S Smith, C E De Jong et al.ARTICLEEcoHealth2016

  • The Dry Muddy Creek site and the early Late Archaic period in southwest Wyoming

    Craig S SmithARTICLEPlains Anthropologist2016References: 7

    The Late Archaic period dating between 3600 and 1800 years B.P. is one of the more poorly understood periods in the prehistory of the southern Wyoming Basin of southwest Wyoming. It is the interval of low site densities and probably low population densities between the two better-known periods of intensive and stable use of the area, the Opal phase dating between 6400 and 3600 years B.P. and the Uinta phase dating between 1800 and 1000 years B.P.…

  • Folsom structures in the Wyoming Basin of southwest Wyoming

    Craig S Smith, Lance M Mcnees et al.ARTICLEPlains Anthropologist2016References: 9

    Folsom people are traditionally thought to be highly residentially mobile specialized bison hunters focused on the grasslands of the Great Plains. Recent research has begun to show greater variability in their land-use patterns and mobility in the mountains and intermountain basins of the Rocky Mountains. The excavation at site 48SW97 of the remains of two structures consisting of roughly circular arrangements of cobbles associated with Folsom po…

  • Persistent land use patterns and the mid-Holocene housepits of Wyoming

    Craig S Smith, Lance M Mcnees et al.ARTICLEJournal of Field Archaeology2011Cited by: 16References: 6

    The cyclical use of sites and locales over decades, centuries, and even millennia is an important aspect of hunter-gatherer land use that is rarely considered in studies that focus on a single annual cycle. The long-term perspective provided by archaeological data can be used to delineate persistent land use patterns and contribute to an understanding of the complexity of hunter-gatherer behavior. Mid-Holocene Wyoming housepit data document persi…

  • Bats Without Borders

    Open AccessAndrew C Breed, Hume Field et al.ARTICLEEcoHealth2010

  • Bison Exploitation in the Wyoming Basin at the Middle/Late Holocene Transition

    Craig S Smith, D A Byers et al.ARTICLEPlains Anthropologist2008Cited by: 3References: 18

    Wyoming Basin archaeojaunas dating to the Middle/Late Holocene transition typically lack bison remains and instead suggest a focus on a wide range of smaller prey species. Excavations along the Sweetwater River at the Graham Ranch site produced an extensive assemblage of highly fragmented bison bones representing the remains of at least two bison that were intensively processed for meat, marrow, and grease. We use a patch use model, in combinatio…

  • Ecosystem controls and the archaeofaunal record

    Open AccessD A Byers, Craig S Smith et al.ARTICLEThe Holocene2007Cited by: 9References: 21

    Regional palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and data on artiodactyl response to climate change suggest that large game densities would have expanded in response to increasingly mesic conditions during the late Holocene in the Wyoming Basin. We use the prey model of foraging theory to predict late-Holocene increases in artiodactyls, relative to lagomorphs and rodents, and more specifically in bison relative to pronghorn. This prediction is then t…

  • Cymopterus bulbosus and Prehistoric Foragers

    Open AccessCraig S Smith, Lance M Mcnees et al.ARTICLEJournal of Ethnobiology2005

    Direct evidence for the use of geophytes in the archaeological record of prehistoric foragers is typically lacking, even though they were often an important resource. Cymopterus bulbosus (springparsley or biscuitroot) is a geophyte that grows in fairly dense patches in areas of high archaeological site densities in the Green River Basin of Wyoming. Analysis of the patch size and distribution, density within patches, root weight, nutritional conte…

  • Cymopterus bulbosus and Prehistoric Foragers

    Open AccessCraig S Smith, Lance M Mcnees et al.ARTICLEJournal of Ethnobiology2005Cited by: 14References: 20

    Direct evidence for the use of geophytes in the archaeological record of prehistoric foragers is typically lacking, even though they were often an important resource. Cymopterus bulbosus (springparsley or biscuitroot) is a geophyte that grows in fairly dense patches in areas of high archaeological site densities in the Green River Basin of Wyoming. Analysis of the patch size and distribution, density within patches, root weight, nutritional conte…

  • Holocene artiodactyl population histories and large game hunting in the Wyoming Basin, USA

    Open AccessD A Byers, Craig S Smith et al.ARTICLEJournal of Archaeological Science2004Cited by: 33References: 16

  • Hunter–gatherer mobility, storage, and houses in a marginal environment

    Open AccessCraig S SmithARTICLEJournal of Anthropological…2003

  • Site 48UT375

    Craig S Smith, Thomas P Reust et al.ARTICLEPlains Anthropologist2003Cited by: 5References: 2

    Excavations at Site 48UT375 in the Green River Basin of southwest wyoming provide an excellent opportunity to explore subsistence and land use patterns in a high elevation, sagebrush-covered intermountain basin during the late Paleo indian period. Excavations at this site uncovered large quantities of heat-altered rock situated around several hearth features that were radiocarbon dated between 8, 600 and 8,300 years ago. Each of these hearth feat…

  • Sego Lilies and Prehistoric Foragers

    Open AccessCraig S Smith, William Martin et al.ARTICLEJournal of Archaeological Science2001Cited by: 21References: 16

  • Pronghorn and Bison Procurement During the Uinta Phase in Southwest Wyoming

    Craig S Smith, Lance M Mcnees et al.ARTICLEPlains Anthropologist2000Cited by: 7References: 9

    The dramatic bonebeds occasionally uncovered in southwest HYoming have strongly influenced perceptions of pronghorn procurement in the region during prehistoric times. However, they provide a misleading picture of the typical pattern of pronghorn procurement. Pronghorn bonebeds are generally rare and many may even represent a number of kill events. More typically, the prehistoric hunter-gatherers probably pursued and killed single pronghorn non-c…

  • Obsidian Use in Wyoming and the Concept of Curation

    Craig S SmithARTICLEPlains Anthropologist1999Cited by: 9References: 16

    The concept of curation has been extensively used in studies of the organization of flaked stone tool technology. This concept incorporates a wide range of strategies and behaviors that mobile huntergatherers would have employed under disparate conditions. The quality and availability of raw materials is one factor influencing how mobile hunter-gatherers manufactured, used, and transported flaked stone implements. Because obsidian can be sourced …

  • Facilities and Hunter-Gatherer Long-Term Land Use Patterns

    Open AccessCraig S Smith, Lance M Mcnees et al.ARTICLEAmerican Antiquity1999Cited by: 35References: 15

    To fully understand prehistoric land use patterns, we must define how prehistoric peoples used particular places on the landscape over longer periods of time. Factors influencing the multi-year use of particular places include human modifications to the landscape as a result of previous occupations. The construction of relatively elaborate and costly facilities for anticipated reuse is one type of modification associated with the repeated occupat…

  • Site Structure of Two Buried Stone Circle Sites, Southern Wyoming

    Craig S Smith, Lance M Mcnees et al.ARTICLEPlains Anthropologist1995Cited by: 6References: 6

    Archaeological block excavations at sites 48SW71 07 and 48SW270 have provided an opportunity to examine the use of space within and adjacent to two buried stone circles dating to the early Late Prehistoric period and located at the northern and western edges of the Great Divide Basin in southern Wyoming. Examination of the spatial patterning of the archaeological remains at those sites reveals clues about site activities and function. The excavat…

  • Sinclair Site

    Open AccessCraig S Smith, Thomas P ReustARTICLENorth American Archaeologist1992Cited by: 3References: 2

    Block excavations at the Sinclair site yielded the remains of a housepit and exterior features with radiocarbon age estimates of 5770 and 5540 years ago. The housepit is a shallow, unprepared basin that is approximately 5.6 m in diameter. It has five interior pits with oxidized sides, a posthole, a fire-affected rock concentration, and an alignment of sandstone rocks. The examination of site structure indicates that the excavated portion of the s…

  • Rattlesnake Pass Site

    Craig S Smith, Lance M Mcnees et al.ARTICLEPlains Anthropologist1990Cited by: 5References: 3

    Block excavations at the Rattlesnake Pass site in south-central “Ujloming provided an excellent opportunity to learn more about a Folsom occupation at a small shorttenn site. Excavations revealed bison bones, two flake tools, and six flakes associated with a carbon stained and oxidized occupation surface. Radiocarbon ages of 9950 and 9770 years B.P. were obtained for the occupation. A broken Folsom point, which was probably displaced from the cul…

  • Seeds, Weeds, And Prehistoric Hunters And Gatherers

    Craig S SmithARTICLEPlains Anthropologist1988Cited by: 8References: 7

    Little information is available on the role of plants in the prehistoric hunter and gatherer societies of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions. The recovery of thousands of chaced seeds from the fill of 152 hearths or pit features at eight prehistoric sites provides an excellent opportunity to study the importance of seed foods in the subsistence of prehistoric inhabitants in southwest Wyoming, an area between the Great Plains, northern Co…

  • Programmed Generalization of Dress Efficiency across Settings for a Severely Disturbed, Autistic Child

    Open AccessJohn W Fantuzzo, Craig S SmithARTICLEPsychological Reports1983

    A seriously disturbed, autistic child residing in a community-based group home was studied. The primary objectives were to (1) bring deficient behavior under control in the group home setting, (2) train for generalization of acquired control to the natural home setting, and (3) shape the treatment program to fit the response expectations of the parents in the natural home. Efficiency in dressing was the targeted behavior, determined as the percen…