Paul Bridgen
Biographic Data
| ID | 363099 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul Bridgen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul |
| FAMILY NAME | Bridgen |
| SIGNATURE | BRIDGEN P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Southampton |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6039-3254 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 109 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Taxation, Environmental Sustainability, and Distributive Outcomes: Balancing Behavioural Change and Fairness
The pursuit of measures to enhance the environmental sustainability of societies has shifted to become a core aspect of contemporary public policy. Taxation measures, intended to alter the behaviour of individuals and households, have become a central plank of many nations’ policy response. However, these initiatives arise alongside other taxation and redistributive policy objectives focused on equity. The purpose of this article is to explore th…
Retrenchment without effect? Exploring the link between pension reforms and public pension adequacy of new retirees in seven European countries (1993–2020)
Since the 1980s population ageing and economic change has led to cost-containing pension reforms in many industrialized countries. Research has focused on the institutional side of such reforms, but the impact of cost containment policies for real retirees’ pensions remains under-researched. This study addresses this gap. We use the change in projected pension replacement rates for average earners established by the OECD (2002–2019) as an indicat…
A decade of fuel poverty in England: A spatio-temporal analysis of needs-based targeting of domestic energy efficiency obligations
Like many forms of deprivation, fuel (or energy) poverty has been shown to concentrate spatially. However, there has been limited examination of its spatio-temporal dynamics, notwithstanding the evidence that prolonged periods without sufficient energy services in the home exacerbate negative welfare impacts. To better understand these dynamics, we evaluate how the distribution of relatively high levels of fuel poverty have changed over time acro…
Climate Crisis and Social Protection - From Worker Protection to Post-growth Transformation
The article discusses five literature strands’ approaches towards social protection systems in the context of climate crisis: Adaptive Social Protection, Just Transition, Green New Deal, Post-growth, and Eco-feminism. As we argue, these five strands are located on a spectrum between a green growth orientation and a green anti-capitalist orientation. Furthermore, they differ in terms of their problematisation of the climate crisis and have differe…
An eco-social solution to energy poverty? Substance and symbolism in the England's use of domestic energy efficiency policy to achieve social and environmental synergies, 1997–2023
Domestic energy efficiency policy is potentially a means for reducing residential energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and expenses for households in energy poverty. It has often been presented as an eco-social exemplar, for example in the European Union's Green Deal. The European Commission regards domestic energy efficiency improvements as the primary means for addressing energy poverty notwithstanding the 2022/23 energy crisis. Howeve…
It's not late entry: Human capital, welfare states and the pension penalty experienced by post-war migrants who retired in the European Economic Area
Since the 2000s, migration within and into the European Economic Area (EEA) has increased significantly. Some migrants will retire in their destination countries. This makes questions about their retirement protection increasingly relevant for social policy. To address this, we examine past experience. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we compared the pensions of post-1945 migrants, who settled in their host cou…
Open for the childless skilled only: The poverty risks of migrant workers with children under the UK points-based immigration system
Post-Brexit, UK migration rules treat ‘EU- and non-EU citizens equally’. Thus, a much larger number of working migrants have less access to social rights than before. This article compares how the different welfare entitlements for working migrants and non-migrants affect the incomes of 21 hypothetical households; some workers are single, some have a child. Using micro-simulation, we assess the risk of poverty and the extent of inequality for mig…
Divided citizenship: How retirement in the host country affects the financial status of intra-European Union migrants
Since European Union (EU) enlargement in 2003, labour migration from East to West and South to North has increased. It is to be expected that a share of these workers will want to retire in their host countries. According to the academic literature, EU legislation protects such mobility well by allowing the transfer of rights accrued in any EU country to another. However, such research has focused on legislation, not outcomes. We know little abou…
The retrenchment of public pension provision in the liberal world of welfare during the age of austerity—and its unexpected reversal, 1980–2017
Pension system adaption during the “age of austerity” since 1980 is expected to vary between industrialized countries broadly in line with their membership of conservative, liberal, or social democratic worlds of welfare. Empirical testing on the liberal world focuses on the later period and differs in its conclusions. This paper is based on a systematic study of the scale, nature, and trajectory of change in six liberal pension systems between 1…
The Liberalisation of the German Social Model: Public-Private Pension Reform in Germany since 2001
Some commentators view reforms to the German political economy since the 1990s as constituting a broad liberalisation of a previously coordinated market economy (e.g., Streeck, 2009). Others argue that by maintaining protection for core workers the reforms represent a dualisation rather than liberalisation (e.g., Palier and Thelen, 2010). This debate has paid little attention to public-private pension reform since 2001. This paper argues that pen…
Free Movement? The Impact of Legislation, Benefit Generosity and Wages on the Pensions of European Migrants
European (EU) economic integration has always involved a commitment to the free movement of labour, services and capital. However, the development by EU institutions of specific rights with respect to labour mobility has been slow. This paper explores this issue from the perspective of pension rights, among the most long‐lasting for citizens. It shows that the literature on this topic has focussed mainly on EU regulations, their scope and limitat…
Fair Cuts? The Impact of British Public Service Pension Reform on Workers in the Main Occupations
Public service pensions have been a fundamental component of the British pension system in the post-war period and recent reform initiatives have caused political controversy. This article assesses the impact of the Conservative/Liberal government's public sector pension reform plans of 2011 for different public sector workers. It simulates their projected pension outcomes, assuming people contribute to the new system throughout their working liv…
Business, regulation and welfare politics in liberal capitalism
Concerted support from business organisations for increased state welfare provision is unexpected in liberal capitalism, but in Britain this occurred prior to recent major reforms of pensions. Using Mares’ micro-theory of employer behaviour and studies of public/private mixes, this article shows that three umbrella organisations of employers and insurers supported higher state pensions because incremental state regulation of non-state provision o…
Social rights, social justice and pension outcomes in four multi-pillar systems
Egalitarian liberal justice requires redistributive income transfers to protect the basic liberties of all citizens, yet it has been asserted that privatisation is fundamentally inegalitarian, and therefore likely to impair the autonomy of the least advantaged. This article assesses the redistributive potential of public and private pension arrangements by simulating the probable outcomes for individuals across a range of circumstances under the …
The Politics of Occupational Pension Reform in Britain and the Netherlands: The Power of Market Discipline in Liberal and Corporatist Regimes
The politics of occupational pension reform has attracted less attention than state pension retrenchment. Yet, in countries with large occupational welfare sectors changes in company provision can be equally important for welfare system generosity. This paper compares recent occupational pension developments in the Netherlands and Britain, exemplars of coordinated and liberal capitalism. The paper argues that despite regime-typical differences in…
Politically Dominant but Socially Flawed: Projected Pension Levels for Citizens at Risk in Six European Multi-Pillar Pension Systems
The development of pension policies in industrialized nations has in recent years been dominated by ‘multi-pillarism’ as a political goal. In perhaps no other area of social policy have policy-makers, economists and academics been in such strong agreement over the necessary course of action: highly industrialized, ageing societies cannot provide reliably for retirement solely by financing pay-as-you-go systems, controlled by the state; instead th…
Class, gender and chance: The social division of welfare and occupational pensions in the United Kingdom
The social division of welfare literature emphasises the extent to which occupational-pension provision is distributed on the basis of class and gender. As most previous commentators have at least implicitly recognised, however, a significant proportion of less advantaged people are covered. This paper argues that the patterns of access and their distributional consequences must be considered more systematically, and that in this context, the div…
Private Pensions versus Social Inclusion?: Non-State Provision for Citizens at Risk in Europe
This rigorous study sheds light on these issues. It assesses the extent to which six European multi-pillar pension regimes are socially inclusive, by micro-simulating retirement income for hypothetical citizens facing typical post-industrial risks. This timely book suggests that non-state provision has significant limitations, yet also identifies the political and institutional conditions under which private pensions are indeed reconcilable with …
Britain's pension crisis: History and policy - Edited by Hugh Pemberton, Pat Thane, and Noel Whiteside
Social capital, community empowerment and public health: Policy developments in the UK since 1997
English The use made of social capital in UK health policy by New Labour has been criticised as evidence of an ideological retreat away from traditional social democracy. This article argues that the influence of the concept on policy development in the public health field has, in fact, the potential to complement, rather than provide an alternative to, social democratic approaches. Its operationalisation in the establishment of local health init…
A Straitjacket with Wriggle Room: The Beveridge Report, the Treasury and the Exchequer's Pension Liability, 1942-59
The last two decades have seen the establishment of a new orthodoxy about William Beveridge's 1942 pensions plan which questions both the radical credentials of his proposals and their practical influence and coherence. However, as this article shows, while this new orthodoxy has usefully demolished some myths about Beveridge's legacy, it has also exaggerated the plan's conservatism and inflexibility. Certainly, Beveridge did not propose that the…
When Do Benevolent Capitalists Change Their Mind? Explaining the Retrenchment of Defined-benefit Pensions in Britain
This paper explores the politics of welfare retrenchment, but differs from much of the current literature in this area by focusing not on the decisions of politicians but those of private sector employers. In countries with a large private welfare sector, employers are major social policy players with a significant influence on the generosity of welfare provision, but the rationale behind their actions is not well understood. To explore these iss…
Joint Planning across the Health/Social Services Boundary since 1946
This article reviews the development of post-war policy on the joint planning of health and social services for older people in the context of broader theoretical ideas about inter-organisational collaboration. It identifies the lack of organisational homogeneity and the absence of domain consensus across the health/social services boundary as the main obstacles to progress. However, the article further suggests that, if these problems are to be …
Hospitals, Geriatric Medicine, and the Long-term Care of Elderly People 1946-1976
This article investigates the development and interaction of the views of medical professionals and health officials on elderly care between 1946 and the early 1970s. It examines how the cultural and political context in which new ideas on the treatment of elderly people emerged in the early post-war period affected policy development in this area. The article argues that, in combination, the political and financial imperatives of health official…
The one nation idea and state welfare: The conservatives and pensions in the 1950s
The Conservatives’ 1959 earnings‐related pension scheme has rightly been dismissed by historians as an exercise in financial retrenchment. However, the debate that preceded its introduction has been ignored. This, it is argued, involved the first concerted attempt by ‘One Nation’ Conservatives to construct a social policy different both from the Conservative right's rigid adherence to laissez‐faire government and Labour's uncritical statism. The …
When Do Benevolent Capitalists Change Their Mind? Explaining the Retrenchment of Defined-benefit Pensions in Britain
This paper explores the politics of welfare retrenchment, but differs from much of the current literature in this area by focusing not on the decisions of politicians but those of private sector employers. In countries with a large private welfare sector, employers are major social policy players with a significant influence on the generosity of welfare provision, but the rationale behind their actions is not well understood. To explore these iss…
The Politics of Occupational Pension Reform in Britain and the Netherlands: The Power of Market Discipline in Liberal and Corporatist Regimes
The politics of occupational pension reform has attracted less attention than state pension retrenchment. Yet, in countries with large occupational welfare sectors changes in company provision can be equally important for welfare system generosity. This paper compares recent occupational pension developments in the Netherlands and Britain, exemplars of coordinated and liberal capitalism. The paper argues that despite regime-typical differences in…
Business, regulation and welfare politics in liberal capitalism
Concerted support from business organisations for increased state welfare provision is unexpected in liberal capitalism, but in Britain this occurred prior to recent major reforms of pensions. Using Mares’ micro-theory of employer behaviour and studies of public/private mixes, this article shows that three umbrella organisations of employers and insurers supported higher state pensions because incremental state regulation of non-state provision o…
Class, gender and chance: The social division of welfare and occupational pensions in the United Kingdom
The social division of welfare literature emphasises the extent to which occupational-pension provision is distributed on the basis of class and gender. As most previous commentators have at least implicitly recognised, however, a significant proportion of less advantaged people are covered. This paper argues that the patterns of access and their distributional consequences must be considered more systematically, and that in this context, the div…
Hospitals, Geriatric Medicine, and the Long-term Care of Elderly People 1946-1976
This article investigates the development and interaction of the views of medical professionals and health officials on elderly care between 1946 and the early 1970s. It examines how the cultural and political context in which new ideas on the treatment of elderly people emerged in the early post-war period affected policy development in this area. The article argues that, in combination, the political and financial imperatives of health official…
Climate Crisis and Social Protection - From Worker Protection to Post-growth Transformation
The article discusses five literature strands’ approaches towards social protection systems in the context of climate crisis: Adaptive Social Protection, Just Transition, Green New Deal, Post-growth, and Eco-feminism. As we argue, these five strands are located on a spectrum between a green growth orientation and a green anti-capitalist orientation. Furthermore, they differ in terms of their problematisation of the climate crisis and have differe…
Free Movement? The Impact of Legislation, Benefit Generosity and Wages on the Pensions of European Migrants
European (EU) economic integration has always involved a commitment to the free movement of labour, services and capital. However, the development by EU institutions of specific rights with respect to labour mobility has been slow. This paper explores this issue from the perspective of pension rights, among the most long‐lasting for citizens. It shows that the literature on this topic has focussed mainly on EU regulations, their scope and limitat…
The State, Redundancy Pay, and Economic Policy-Making in the Early 1960s
The setting up of the National Economic Development Council (NEDC) and other reforms to the institutions of economic policy-making in the early 1960s are regarded by commentators as the first concerted attempt by government of confront the issue of Britain's relative economic decline. The general assessment of these reforms is that they failed, largely due to the 'possessive individualist' culture of British peak organizations. This article inves…
The retrenchment of public pension provision in the liberal world of welfare during the age of austerity—and its unexpected reversal, 1980–2017
Pension system adaption during the “age of austerity” since 1980 is expected to vary between industrialized countries broadly in line with their membership of conservative, liberal, or social democratic worlds of welfare. Empirical testing on the liberal world focuses on the later period and differs in its conclusions. This paper is based on a systematic study of the scale, nature, and trajectory of change in six liberal pension systems between 1…
The Liberalisation of the German Social Model: Public-Private Pension Reform in Germany since 2001
Some commentators view reforms to the German political economy since the 1990s as constituting a broad liberalisation of a previously coordinated market economy (e.g., Streeck, 2009). Others argue that by maintaining protection for core workers the reforms represent a dualisation rather than liberalisation (e.g., Palier and Thelen, 2010). This debate has paid little attention to public-private pension reform since 2001. This paper argues that pen…
A Straitjacket with Wriggle Room: The Beveridge Report, the Treasury and the Exchequer's Pension Liability, 1942-59
The last two decades have seen the establishment of a new orthodoxy about William Beveridge's 1942 pensions plan which questions both the radical credentials of his proposals and their practical influence and coherence. However, as this article shows, while this new orthodoxy has usefully demolished some myths about Beveridge's legacy, it has also exaggerated the plan's conservatism and inflexibility. Certainly, Beveridge did not propose that the…
The one nation idea and state welfare: The conservatives and pensions in the 1950s
The Conservatives’ 1959 earnings‐related pension scheme has rightly been dismissed by historians as an exercise in financial retrenchment. However, the debate that preceded its introduction has been ignored. This, it is argued, involved the first concerted attempt by ‘One Nation’ Conservatives to construct a social policy different both from the Conservative right's rigid adherence to laissez‐faire government and Labour's uncritical statism. The …
A decade of fuel poverty in England: A spatio-temporal analysis of needs-based targeting of domestic energy efficiency obligations
Like many forms of deprivation, fuel (or energy) poverty has been shown to concentrate spatially. However, there has been limited examination of its spatio-temporal dynamics, notwithstanding the evidence that prolonged periods without sufficient energy services in the home exacerbate negative welfare impacts. To better understand these dynamics, we evaluate how the distribution of relatively high levels of fuel poverty have changed over time acro…
Social capital, community empowerment and public health: Policy developments in the UK since 1997
English The use made of social capital in UK health policy by New Labour has been criticised as evidence of an ideological retreat away from traditional social democracy. This article argues that the influence of the concept on policy development in the public health field has, in fact, the potential to complement, rather than provide an alternative to, social democratic approaches. Its operationalisation in the establishment of local health init…
An eco-social solution to energy poverty? Substance and symbolism in the England's use of domestic energy efficiency policy to achieve social and environmental synergies, 1997–2023
Domestic energy efficiency policy is potentially a means for reducing residential energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and expenses for households in energy poverty. It has often been presented as an eco-social exemplar, for example in the European Union's Green Deal. The European Commission regards domestic energy efficiency improvements as the primary means for addressing energy poverty notwithstanding the 2022/23 energy crisis. Howeve…
Social rights, social justice and pension outcomes in four multi-pillar systems
Egalitarian liberal justice requires redistributive income transfers to protect the basic liberties of all citizens, yet it has been asserted that privatisation is fundamentally inegalitarian, and therefore likely to impair the autonomy of the least advantaged. This article assesses the redistributive potential of public and private pension arrangements by simulating the probable outcomes for individuals across a range of circumstances under the …
Retrenchment without effect? Exploring the link between pension reforms and public pension adequacy of new retirees in seven European countries (1993–2020)
Since the 1980s population ageing and economic change has led to cost-containing pension reforms in many industrialized countries. Research has focused on the institutional side of such reforms, but the impact of cost containment policies for real retirees’ pensions remains under-researched. This study addresses this gap. We use the change in projected pension replacement rates for average earners established by the OECD (2002–2019) as an indicat…
Divided citizenship: How retirement in the host country affects the financial status of intra-European Union migrants
Since European Union (EU) enlargement in 2003, labour migration from East to West and South to North has increased. It is to be expected that a share of these workers will want to retire in their host countries. According to the academic literature, EU legislation protects such mobility well by allowing the transfer of rights accrued in any EU country to another. However, such research has focused on legislation, not outcomes. We know little abou…
Joint Planning across the Health/Social Services Boundary since 1946
This article reviews the development of post-war policy on the joint planning of health and social services for older people in the context of broader theoretical ideas about inter-organisational collaboration. It identifies the lack of organisational homogeneity and the absence of domain consensus across the health/social services boundary as the main obstacles to progress. However, the article further suggests that, if these problems are to be …
The one nation idea and state welfare: The conservatives and pensions in the 1950s
The Conservatives’ 1959 earnings‐related pension scheme has rightly been dismissed by historians as an exercise in financial retrenchment. However, the debate that preceded its introduction has been ignored. This, it is argued, involved the first concerted attempt by ‘One Nation’ Conservatives to construct a social policy different both from the Conservative right's rigid adherence to laissez‐faire government and Labour's uncritical statism. The …
The State, Redundancy Pay, and Economic Policy-Making in the Early 1960s
The setting up of the National Economic Development Council (NEDC) and other reforms to the institutions of economic policy-making in the early 1960s are regarded by commentators as the first concerted attempt by government of confront the issue of Britain's relative economic decline. The general assessment of these reforms is that they failed, largely due to the 'possessive individualist' culture of British peak organizations. This article inves…
Hospitals, Geriatric Medicine, and the Long-term Care of Elderly People 1946-1976
This article investigates the development and interaction of the views of medical professionals and health officials on elderly care between 1946 and the early 1970s. It examines how the cultural and political context in which new ideas on the treatment of elderly people emerged in the early post-war period affected policy development in this area. The article argues that, in combination, the political and financial imperatives of health official…
Joint Planning across the Health/Social Services Boundary since 1946
This article reviews the development of post-war policy on the joint planning of health and social services for older people in the context of broader theoretical ideas about inter-organisational collaboration. It identifies the lack of organisational homogeneity and the absence of domain consensus across the health/social services boundary as the main obstacles to progress. However, the article further suggests that, if these problems are to be …
A Straitjacket with Wriggle Room: The Beveridge Report, the Treasury and the Exchequer's Pension Liability, 1942-59
The last two decades have seen the establishment of a new orthodoxy about William Beveridge's 1942 pensions plan which questions both the radical credentials of his proposals and their practical influence and coherence. However, as this article shows, while this new orthodoxy has usefully demolished some myths about Beveridge's legacy, it has also exaggerated the plan's conservatism and inflexibility. Certainly, Beveridge did not propose that the…
When Do Benevolent Capitalists Change Their Mind? Explaining the Retrenchment of Defined-benefit Pensions in Britain
This paper explores the politics of welfare retrenchment, but differs from much of the current literature in this area by focusing not on the decisions of politicians but those of private sector employers. In countries with a large private welfare sector, employers are major social policy players with a significant influence on the generosity of welfare provision, but the rationale behind their actions is not well understood. To explore these iss…
Social capital, community empowerment and public health: Policy developments in the UK since 1997
English The use made of social capital in UK health policy by New Labour has been criticised as evidence of an ideological retreat away from traditional social democracy. This article argues that the influence of the concept on policy development in the public health field has, in fact, the potential to complement, rather than provide an alternative to, social democratic approaches. Its operationalisation in the establishment of local health init…
Private Pensions versus Social Inclusion?: Non-State Provision for Citizens at Risk in Europe
This rigorous study sheds light on these issues. It assesses the extent to which six European multi-pillar pension regimes are socially inclusive, by micro-simulating retirement income for hypothetical citizens facing typical post-industrial risks. This timely book suggests that non-state provision has significant limitations, yet also identifies the political and institutional conditions under which private pensions are indeed reconcilable with …
Britain's pension crisis: History and policy - Edited by Hugh Pemberton, Pat Thane, and Noel Whiteside
Politically Dominant but Socially Flawed: Projected Pension Levels for Citizens at Risk in Six European Multi-Pillar Pension Systems
The development of pension policies in industrialized nations has in recent years been dominated by ‘multi-pillarism’ as a political goal. In perhaps no other area of social policy have policy-makers, economists and academics been in such strong agreement over the necessary course of action: highly industrialized, ageing societies cannot provide reliably for retirement solely by financing pay-as-you-go systems, controlled by the state; instead th…
Class, gender and chance: The social division of welfare and occupational pensions in the United Kingdom
The social division of welfare literature emphasises the extent to which occupational-pension provision is distributed on the basis of class and gender. As most previous commentators have at least implicitly recognised, however, a significant proportion of less advantaged people are covered. This paper argues that the patterns of access and their distributional consequences must be considered more systematically, and that in this context, the div…
Social rights, social justice and pension outcomes in four multi-pillar systems
Egalitarian liberal justice requires redistributive income transfers to protect the basic liberties of all citizens, yet it has been asserted that privatisation is fundamentally inegalitarian, and therefore likely to impair the autonomy of the least advantaged. This article assesses the redistributive potential of public and private pension arrangements by simulating the probable outcomes for individuals across a range of circumstances under the …
The Politics of Occupational Pension Reform in Britain and the Netherlands: The Power of Market Discipline in Liberal and Corporatist Regimes
The politics of occupational pension reform has attracted less attention than state pension retrenchment. Yet, in countries with large occupational welfare sectors changes in company provision can be equally important for welfare system generosity. This paper compares recent occupational pension developments in the Netherlands and Britain, exemplars of coordinated and liberal capitalism. The paper argues that despite regime-typical differences in…
Fair Cuts? The Impact of British Public Service Pension Reform on Workers in the Main Occupations
Public service pensions have been a fundamental component of the British pension system in the post-war period and recent reform initiatives have caused political controversy. This article assesses the impact of the Conservative/Liberal government's public sector pension reform plans of 2011 for different public sector workers. It simulates their projected pension outcomes, assuming people contribute to the new system throughout their working liv…
Business, regulation and welfare politics in liberal capitalism
Concerted support from business organisations for increased state welfare provision is unexpected in liberal capitalism, but in Britain this occurred prior to recent major reforms of pensions. Using Mares’ micro-theory of employer behaviour and studies of public/private mixes, this article shows that three umbrella organisations of employers and insurers supported higher state pensions because incremental state regulation of non-state provision o…
Free Movement? The Impact of Legislation, Benefit Generosity and Wages on the Pensions of European Migrants
European (EU) economic integration has always involved a commitment to the free movement of labour, services and capital. However, the development by EU institutions of specific rights with respect to labour mobility has been slow. This paper explores this issue from the perspective of pension rights, among the most long‐lasting for citizens. It shows that the literature on this topic has focussed mainly on EU regulations, their scope and limitat…
The Liberalisation of the German Social Model: Public-Private Pension Reform in Germany since 2001
Some commentators view reforms to the German political economy since the 1990s as constituting a broad liberalisation of a previously coordinated market economy (e.g., Streeck, 2009). Others argue that by maintaining protection for core workers the reforms represent a dualisation rather than liberalisation (e.g., Palier and Thelen, 2010). This debate has paid little attention to public-private pension reform since 2001. This paper argues that pen…
Divided citizenship: How retirement in the host country affects the financial status of intra-European Union migrants
Since European Union (EU) enlargement in 2003, labour migration from East to West and South to North has increased. It is to be expected that a share of these workers will want to retire in their host countries. According to the academic literature, EU legislation protects such mobility well by allowing the transfer of rights accrued in any EU country to another. However, such research has focused on legislation, not outcomes. We know little abou…
The retrenchment of public pension provision in the liberal world of welfare during the age of austerity—and its unexpected reversal, 1980–2017
Pension system adaption during the “age of austerity” since 1980 is expected to vary between industrialized countries broadly in line with their membership of conservative, liberal, or social democratic worlds of welfare. Empirical testing on the liberal world focuses on the later period and differs in its conclusions. This paper is based on a systematic study of the scale, nature, and trajectory of change in six liberal pension systems between 1…
Open for the childless skilled only: The poverty risks of migrant workers with children under the UK points-based immigration system
Post-Brexit, UK migration rules treat ‘EU- and non-EU citizens equally’. Thus, a much larger number of working migrants have less access to social rights than before. This article compares how the different welfare entitlements for working migrants and non-migrants affect the incomes of 21 hypothetical households; some workers are single, some have a child. Using micro-simulation, we assess the risk of poverty and the extent of inequality for mig…
A decade of fuel poverty in England: A spatio-temporal analysis of needs-based targeting of domestic energy efficiency obligations
Like many forms of deprivation, fuel (or energy) poverty has been shown to concentrate spatially. However, there has been limited examination of its spatio-temporal dynamics, notwithstanding the evidence that prolonged periods without sufficient energy services in the home exacerbate negative welfare impacts. To better understand these dynamics, we evaluate how the distribution of relatively high levels of fuel poverty have changed over time acro…
Climate Crisis and Social Protection - From Worker Protection to Post-growth Transformation
The article discusses five literature strands’ approaches towards social protection systems in the context of climate crisis: Adaptive Social Protection, Just Transition, Green New Deal, Post-growth, and Eco-feminism. As we argue, these five strands are located on a spectrum between a green growth orientation and a green anti-capitalist orientation. Furthermore, they differ in terms of their problematisation of the climate crisis and have differe…
An eco-social solution to energy poverty? Substance and symbolism in the England's use of domestic energy efficiency policy to achieve social and environmental synergies, 1997–2023
Domestic energy efficiency policy is potentially a means for reducing residential energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and expenses for households in energy poverty. It has often been presented as an eco-social exemplar, for example in the European Union's Green Deal. The European Commission regards domestic energy efficiency improvements as the primary means for addressing energy poverty notwithstanding the 2022/23 energy crisis. Howeve…
It's not late entry: Human capital, welfare states and the pension penalty experienced by post-war migrants who retired in the European Economic Area
Since the 2000s, migration within and into the European Economic Area (EEA) has increased significantly. Some migrants will retire in their destination countries. This makes questions about their retirement protection increasingly relevant for social policy. To address this, we examine past experience. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we compared the pensions of post-1945 migrants, who settled in their host cou…
Retrenchment without effect? Exploring the link between pension reforms and public pension adequacy of new retirees in seven European countries (1993–2020)
Since the 1980s population ageing and economic change has led to cost-containing pension reforms in many industrialized countries. Research has focused on the institutional side of such reforms, but the impact of cost containment policies for real retirees’ pensions remains under-researched. This study addresses this gap. We use the change in projected pension replacement rates for average earners established by the OECD (2002–2019) as an indicat…
Economics (23 works) · Political science (22 works) · Law (17 works) · Pension (16 works) · Social Policy and Reform Studies (16 works) · Law (15 works) · Politics (12 works) · Economic growth (10 works) · Labour economics (10 works) · Finance (9 works)