Gillian Rhodes
Biographic Data
| ID | 3657634 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gillian Rhodes |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gillian |
| FAMILY NAME | Rhodes |
| SIGNATURE | RHODES G |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Western Australia |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 119 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Anger and fearful expressions influence perceptions of physical strength: Testing the signalling functions of emotional facial expressions with a visual aftereffects paradigm
Evidence for a kernel of truth in children’s facial impressions of children’s niceness, but not shyness
Adults teach children not to "judge a book by its cover." However, adults make rapid judgments of character from a glance at a child's face. These impressions can be modestly accurate, suggesting that adults may be sensitive to valid signals of character in children's faces. However, it is not clear whether such sensitivity requires decades of social experience, in line with the development of other face-processing abilities (e.g., facial emotion…
Immune function during early adolescence positively predicts adult facial sexual dimorphism in both men and women
Evolutionary theories suggest that humans prefer sexual dimorphism in faces because masculinity in men and femininity in women may be an indicator of immune function during development. In particular, the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis proposes that sexual dimorphism indicates good immune function during development because the sex hormones, particularly testosterone in men, required for the development of sexually dimorphic facial features…
Testing the functional basis of first impressions: Dimensions for children’s faces are not the same as for adults’ faces
that is clearly dissociable from dominance (Study 3), and critically, is not focused on threat. We demonstrate that adults are sensitive to subtle facial manipulations of these dimensions (Studies 4 and 5) and that these impressions impact adults' behavioral expectations of children (Study 6). Finally, we show that niceness and shyness dimensions generalize to an independent sample of ambient images, demonstrating their robustness (Study 7). Our …
Should I trust you? Autistic traits predict reduced appearance-based trust decisions
Facial impressions of trustworthiness guide social decisions in the general population, as shown by financial lending in economic Trust Games. As an exception, autistic boys fail to use facial impressions to guide trust decisions, despite forming typical facial trustworthiness impressions (Autism, 19, 2015a, 1002). Here, we tested whether this dissociation between forming and using facial impressions of trustworthiness extends to neurotypical men…
Facial expression coding in children and adolescents with autism: Reduced adaptability but intact norm‐based coding
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) can have difficulty recognizing emotional expressions. Here, we asked whether the underlying perceptual coding of expression is disrupted. Typical individuals code expression relative to a perceptual (average) norm that is continuously updated by experience. This adaptability of face‐coding mechanisms has been linked to performance on various face tasks. We used an adaptation aftereffect paradigm …
Perceptual experience shapes our ability to categorize faces by national origin: A new other-race effect
People are better at recognizing own-race than other-race faces. This other-race effect has been argued to be the result of perceptual expertise, whereby face-specific perceptual mechanisms are tuned through experience. We designed new tasks to determine whether other-race effects extend to categorizing faces by national origin. We began by selecting sets of face stimuli for these tasks that are typical in appearance for each of six nations (thre…
Facial Image Manipulation: A Tool for Investigating Social Perception
Image manipulation of real face photographs, including averaging, morphing, and caricaturing, is widely used in studies of face perception. These methods have led to theoretical insights across topics of interest to social psychologists, including social perception, social categorization, stereotyping, prejudice, impression formation, and individual differences. They may also have practical applications in diagnosing clinical impairments of socia…
Facial first impressions from another angle: How social judgements are influenced by changeable and invariant facial properties
First impressions made to photographs of faces can depend as much on momentary characteristics of the photographed image (within‐person variability) as on consistent properties of the face of the person depicted (between‐person variability). Here, we examine two important sources of within‐person variability: emotional expression and viewpoint. We find more within‐person variability than between‐person variability for social impressions of key tr…
Judging trustworthiness from faces: Emotion cues modulate trustworthiness judgments in young children
By adulthood, people judge trustworthiness from appearances rapidly and reliably. However, we know little about these judgments in children. This novel study investigates the developmental trajectory of explicit trust judgments from faces, and the contribution made by emotion cues across age groups. Five-, 7-, 10-year-olds, and adults rated the trustworthiness of trustworthy and untrustworthy faces with neutral expressions. The same participants …
Symmetry, attractiveness and sexual selection
This article considers whether a human preference for symmetry is an adaptation for mate choice. If it is, then symmetry should be attractive and it should signal mate quality. The article begins with a brief introduction to sexual selection and its proposed relation to fluctuating asymmetry (FA), highlighting some important methodological issues about the measurement of symmetry. The article then considers whether symmetry is attractive to human…
Insights into the development of face recognition mechanisms revealed by face aftereffects
An important question in person perception is how we acquire the perceptual/cognitive mechanisms that characterize adult expertise. Children's performance on face recognition tests improves dramatically between age 4 and adolescence suggesting that our face recognition system may change during childhood. Yet, the source of this improvement is controversial. In this review, we consider whether changes in the way identity is represented/coded in fa…
Genetic dissimilarity, genetic diversity, and mate preferences in humans
Contact and other-race effects in configural and component processing of faces
Other-race faces are generally recognized more poorly than own-race faces. There has been a long-standing interest in the extent to which differences in contact contribute to this other-race effect (ORE). Here, we examined the effect of contact on two distinct aspects of face memory, memory for configuration and for components, both of which are better for own-race than other-race faces. Configural and component memory were measured using recogni…
Contact, configural coding and the other-race effect in face recognition
The other-race effect (ORE) in face recognition describes a well-established finding of better recognition for own-race than other-race faces. Although widely thought to reflect differences in contact between own- and other-race faces, little is known about how different contact levels relate to changes in processing of those faces. This study investigated how contact affects the size of the ORE and the use of expert configural face-coding mechan…
Attractiveness and sexual behavior: Does attractiveness enhance mating success?
Perceptual adaptation affects attractiveness of female bodies
We investigated whether short durations (5 minutes) of exposure to distorted bodies can change subsequent perceptions of attractiveness and normality. Participants rated 110 female bodies, varying in width, on either their attractiveness or normality before and after exposure to either extremely narrow (−50% of original width in Experiments 1 and 2) or extremely wide bodies (+50% of original width in Experiment 1, and +70% of original width in Ex…
Looking Smart and Looking Good: Facial Cues to Intelligence and their Origins
The authors investigated accuracy of judging intelligence from facial photos of strangers across the lifespan, facial qualities contributing to accuracy, and developmental paths producing correlations between facial qualities and IQ scores. Judgments were more accurate than chance in childhood and puberty, marginally more accurate in middle adulthood, but not more accurate than chance in adolescence or late adulthood. Reliance on the valid cue of…
Do facial averageness and symmetry signal health?
They all look alike to me: Prejudice and cross-race face recognition
We investigated whether prejudice level influences the size of the other-race effect (poorer recognition of other-race compared with own-race faces). Previous studies, using self-report measures of prejudice, failed to find a relationship between prejudice and the other-race effect. We used an implicit prejudice measure, developed by Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, and Williams (1995), to determine whether implicit prejudice influences the size of the ot…
Sex-typicality and attractiveness: Are supermale and superfemale faces super-attractive
Many animals find extreme versions of secondary sexual characteristics attractive, and such preferences can enhance reproductive success (Andersson, 1994). We hypothesized, therefore, that extreme versions of sex-typical traits may be attractive in human faces. We created supermale and superfemale faces by exaggerating all spatial differences between an average male and an average female face. In Expt 1 the male average was preferred to a superma…
Superportraits: Caricatures and Recognition
As Nixon's unpopularity increased during Watergate, his nose and jowls grew to impossible proportions in published caricatures. Yet the caricatures remained instantly recognisable. Caricatures can even be superportraits, with the paradoxical quality of being more like the face than the face itself. How can we recognise such distorted images? Do caricatures derive their power from some special property of a face recognition system or from some mor…
Accuracy and speed of causal processing: Experts versus novices in social judgment
Expertise and configural coding in face recognition
Diamond & Carey (1986) have argued that expertise in face recognition depends on the ability to code configural properties in addition to isolated features. We tested this hypothesis in two experiments by comparing the effect of inversion on recognition of 'own race' (high expertise) and 'other race' (low expertise) faces. Use of configural information should be associated with a larger inversion effect than use of isolated features, and therefor…
Lateralized processes in face recognition
In this paper a model is presented in which face recognition is analysed into several stages, each of which may be independently lateralized. Evidence is reviewed which suggests that lateralization is important at all stages of processing a face. Early visuospatial processing, and the creation and comparison of facial representations, appear to be carried out more efficiently by the right hemisphere. Comparisons based on discrete, namable feature…
Sex-typicality and attractiveness: Are supermale and superfemale faces super-attractive
Many animals find extreme versions of secondary sexual characteristics attractive, and such preferences can enhance reproductive success (Andersson, 1994). We hypothesized, therefore, that extreme versions of sex-typical traits may be attractive in human faces. We created supermale and superfemale faces by exaggerating all spatial differences between an average male and an average female face. In Expt 1 the male average was preferred to a superma…
Contact, configural coding and the other-race effect in face recognition
The other-race effect (ORE) in face recognition describes a well-established finding of better recognition for own-race than other-race faces. Although widely thought to reflect differences in contact between own- and other-race faces, little is known about how different contact levels relate to changes in processing of those faces. This study investigated how contact affects the size of the ORE and the use of expert configural face-coding mechan…
Expertise and configural coding in face recognition
Diamond & Carey (1986) have argued that expertise in face recognition depends on the ability to code configural properties in addition to isolated features. We tested this hypothesis in two experiments by comparing the effect of inversion on recognition of 'own race' (high expertise) and 'other race' (low expertise) faces. Use of configural information should be associated with a larger inversion effect than use of isolated features, and therefor…
Facial first impressions from another angle: How social judgements are influenced by changeable and invariant facial properties
First impressions made to photographs of faces can depend as much on momentary characteristics of the photographed image (within‐person variability) as on consistent properties of the face of the person depicted (between‐person variability). Here, we examine two important sources of within‐person variability: emotional expression and viewpoint. We find more within‐person variability than between‐person variability for social impressions of key tr…
Contact and other-race effects in configural and component processing of faces
Other-race faces are generally recognized more poorly than own-race faces. There has been a long-standing interest in the extent to which differences in contact contribute to this other-race effect (ORE). Here, we examined the effect of contact on two distinct aspects of face memory, memory for configuration and for components, both of which are better for own-race than other-race faces. Configural and component memory were measured using recogni…
Testing the functional basis of first impressions: Dimensions for children’s faces are not the same as for adults’ faces
that is clearly dissociable from dominance (Study 3), and critically, is not focused on threat. We demonstrate that adults are sensitive to subtle facial manipulations of these dimensions (Studies 4 and 5) and that these impressions impact adults' behavioral expectations of children (Study 6). Finally, we show that niceness and shyness dimensions generalize to an independent sample of ambient images, demonstrating their robustness (Study 7). Our …
Perceptual adaptation affects attractiveness of female bodies
We investigated whether short durations (5 minutes) of exposure to distorted bodies can change subsequent perceptions of attractiveness and normality. Participants rated 110 female bodies, varying in width, on either their attractiveness or normality before and after exposure to either extremely narrow (−50% of original width in Experiments 1 and 2) or extremely wide bodies (+50% of original width in Experiment 1, and +70% of original width in Ex…
Accuracy and speed of causal processing: Experts versus novices in social judgment
They all look alike to me: Prejudice and cross-race face recognition
We investigated whether prejudice level influences the size of the other-race effect (poorer recognition of other-race compared with own-race faces). Previous studies, using self-report measures of prejudice, failed to find a relationship between prejudice and the other-race effect. We used an implicit prejudice measure, developed by Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, and Williams (1995), to determine whether implicit prejudice influences the size of the ot…
Should I trust you? Autistic traits predict reduced appearance-based trust decisions
Facial impressions of trustworthiness guide social decisions in the general population, as shown by financial lending in economic Trust Games. As an exception, autistic boys fail to use facial impressions to guide trust decisions, despite forming typical facial trustworthiness impressions (Autism, 19, 2015a, 1002). Here, we tested whether this dissociation between forming and using facial impressions of trustworthiness extends to neurotypical men…
Judging trustworthiness from faces: Emotion cues modulate trustworthiness judgments in young children
By adulthood, people judge trustworthiness from appearances rapidly and reliably. However, we know little about these judgments in children. This novel study investigates the developmental trajectory of explicit trust judgments from faces, and the contribution made by emotion cues across age groups. Five-, 7-, 10-year-olds, and adults rated the trustworthiness of trustworthy and untrustworthy faces with neutral expressions. The same participants …
Evidence for a kernel of truth in children’s facial impressions of children’s niceness, but not shyness
Adults teach children not to "judge a book by its cover." However, adults make rapid judgments of character from a glance at a child's face. These impressions can be modestly accurate, suggesting that adults may be sensitive to valid signals of character in children's faces. However, it is not clear whether such sensitivity requires decades of social experience, in line with the development of other face-processing abilities (e.g., facial emotion…
Perceptual experience shapes our ability to categorize faces by national origin: A new other-race effect
People are better at recognizing own-race than other-race faces. This other-race effect has been argued to be the result of perceptual expertise, whereby face-specific perceptual mechanisms are tuned through experience. We designed new tasks to determine whether other-race effects extend to categorizing faces by national origin. We began by selecting sets of face stimuli for these tasks that are typical in appearance for each of six nations (thre…
Insights into the development of face recognition mechanisms revealed by face aftereffects
An important question in person perception is how we acquire the perceptual/cognitive mechanisms that characterize adult expertise. Children's performance on face recognition tests improves dramatically between age 4 and adolescence suggesting that our face recognition system may change during childhood. Yet, the source of this improvement is controversial. In this review, we consider whether changes in the way identity is represented/coded in fa…
Lateralized processes in face recognition
In this paper a model is presented in which face recognition is analysed into several stages, each of which may be independently lateralized. Evidence is reviewed which suggests that lateralization is important at all stages of processing a face. Early visuospatial processing, and the creation and comparison of facial representations, appear to be carried out more efficiently by the right hemisphere. Comparisons based on discrete, namable feature…
Expertise and configural coding in face recognition
Diamond & Carey (1986) have argued that expertise in face recognition depends on the ability to code configural properties in addition to isolated features. We tested this hypothesis in two experiments by comparing the effect of inversion on recognition of 'own race' (high expertise) and 'other race' (low expertise) faces. Use of configural information should be associated with a larger inversion effect than use of isolated features, and therefor…
Accuracy and speed of causal processing: Experts versus novices in social judgment
Superportraits: Caricatures and Recognition
As Nixon's unpopularity increased during Watergate, his nose and jowls grew to impossible proportions in published caricatures. Yet the caricatures remained instantly recognisable. Caricatures can even be superportraits, with the paradoxical quality of being more like the face than the face itself. How can we recognise such distorted images? Do caricatures derive their power from some special property of a face recognition system or from some mor…
Sex-typicality and attractiveness: Are supermale and superfemale faces super-attractive
Many animals find extreme versions of secondary sexual characteristics attractive, and such preferences can enhance reproductive success (Andersson, 1994). We hypothesized, therefore, that extreme versions of sex-typical traits may be attractive in human faces. We created supermale and superfemale faces by exaggerating all spatial differences between an average male and an average female face. In Expt 1 the male average was preferred to a superma…
Do facial averageness and symmetry signal health?
They all look alike to me: Prejudice and cross-race face recognition
We investigated whether prejudice level influences the size of the other-race effect (poorer recognition of other-race compared with own-race faces). Previous studies, using self-report measures of prejudice, failed to find a relationship between prejudice and the other-race effect. We used an implicit prejudice measure, developed by Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, and Williams (1995), to determine whether implicit prejudice influences the size of the ot…
Looking Smart and Looking Good: Facial Cues to Intelligence and their Origins
The authors investigated accuracy of judging intelligence from facial photos of strangers across the lifespan, facial qualities contributing to accuracy, and developmental paths producing correlations between facial qualities and IQ scores. Judgments were more accurate than chance in childhood and puberty, marginally more accurate in middle adulthood, but not more accurate than chance in adolescence or late adulthood. Reliance on the valid cue of…
Attractiveness and sexual behavior: Does attractiveness enhance mating success?
Perceptual adaptation affects attractiveness of female bodies
We investigated whether short durations (5 minutes) of exposure to distorted bodies can change subsequent perceptions of attractiveness and normality. Participants rated 110 female bodies, varying in width, on either their attractiveness or normality before and after exposure to either extremely narrow (−50% of original width in Experiments 1 and 2) or extremely wide bodies (+50% of original width in Experiment 1, and +70% of original width in Ex…
Contact, configural coding and the other-race effect in face recognition
The other-race effect (ORE) in face recognition describes a well-established finding of better recognition for own-race than other-race faces. Although widely thought to reflect differences in contact between own- and other-race faces, little is known about how different contact levels relate to changes in processing of those faces. This study investigated how contact affects the size of the ORE and the use of expert configural face-coding mechan…
Contact and other-race effects in configural and component processing of faces
Other-race faces are generally recognized more poorly than own-race faces. There has been a long-standing interest in the extent to which differences in contact contribute to this other-race effect (ORE). Here, we examined the effect of contact on two distinct aspects of face memory, memory for configuration and for components, both of which are better for own-race than other-race faces. Configural and component memory were measured using recogni…
Genetic dissimilarity, genetic diversity, and mate preferences in humans
Insights into the development of face recognition mechanisms revealed by face aftereffects
An important question in person perception is how we acquire the perceptual/cognitive mechanisms that characterize adult expertise. Children's performance on face recognition tests improves dramatically between age 4 and adolescence suggesting that our face recognition system may change during childhood. Yet, the source of this improvement is controversial. In this review, we consider whether changes in the way identity is represented/coded in fa…
Symmetry, attractiveness and sexual selection
This article considers whether a human preference for symmetry is an adaptation for mate choice. If it is, then symmetry should be attractive and it should signal mate quality. The article begins with a brief introduction to sexual selection and its proposed relation to fluctuating asymmetry (FA), highlighting some important methodological issues about the measurement of symmetry. The article then considers whether symmetry is attractive to human…
Judging trustworthiness from faces: Emotion cues modulate trustworthiness judgments in young children
By adulthood, people judge trustworthiness from appearances rapidly and reliably. However, we know little about these judgments in children. This novel study investigates the developmental trajectory of explicit trust judgments from faces, and the contribution made by emotion cues across age groups. Five-, 7-, 10-year-olds, and adults rated the trustworthiness of trustworthy and untrustworthy faces with neutral expressions. The same participants …
Facial Image Manipulation: A Tool for Investigating Social Perception
Image manipulation of real face photographs, including averaging, morphing, and caricaturing, is widely used in studies of face perception. These methods have led to theoretical insights across topics of interest to social psychologists, including social perception, social categorization, stereotyping, prejudice, impression formation, and individual differences. They may also have practical applications in diagnosing clinical impairments of socia…
Facial first impressions from another angle: How social judgements are influenced by changeable and invariant facial properties
First impressions made to photographs of faces can depend as much on momentary characteristics of the photographed image (within‐person variability) as on consistent properties of the face of the person depicted (between‐person variability). Here, we examine two important sources of within‐person variability: emotional expression and viewpoint. We find more within‐person variability than between‐person variability for social impressions of key tr…
Facial expression coding in children and adolescents with autism: Reduced adaptability but intact norm‐based coding
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) can have difficulty recognizing emotional expressions. Here, we asked whether the underlying perceptual coding of expression is disrupted. Typical individuals code expression relative to a perceptual (average) norm that is continuously updated by experience. This adaptability of face‐coding mechanisms has been linked to performance on various face tasks. We used an adaptation aftereffect paradigm …
Perceptual experience shapes our ability to categorize faces by national origin: A new other-race effect
People are better at recognizing own-race than other-race faces. This other-race effect has been argued to be the result of perceptual expertise, whereby face-specific perceptual mechanisms are tuned through experience. We designed new tasks to determine whether other-race effects extend to categorizing faces by national origin. We began by selecting sets of face stimuli for these tasks that are typical in appearance for each of six nations (thre…
Testing the functional basis of first impressions: Dimensions for children’s faces are not the same as for adults’ faces
that is clearly dissociable from dominance (Study 3), and critically, is not focused on threat. We demonstrate that adults are sensitive to subtle facial manipulations of these dimensions (Studies 4 and 5) and that these impressions impact adults' behavioral expectations of children (Study 6). Finally, we show that niceness and shyness dimensions generalize to an independent sample of ambient images, demonstrating their robustness (Study 7). Our …
Should I trust you? Autistic traits predict reduced appearance-based trust decisions
Facial impressions of trustworthiness guide social decisions in the general population, as shown by financial lending in economic Trust Games. As an exception, autistic boys fail to use facial impressions to guide trust decisions, despite forming typical facial trustworthiness impressions (Autism, 19, 2015a, 1002). Here, we tested whether this dissociation between forming and using facial impressions of trustworthiness extends to neurotypical men…
Immune function during early adolescence positively predicts adult facial sexual dimorphism in both men and women
Evolutionary theories suggest that humans prefer sexual dimorphism in faces because masculinity in men and femininity in women may be an indicator of immune function during development. In particular, the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis proposes that sexual dimorphism indicates good immune function during development because the sex hormones, particularly testosterone in men, required for the development of sexually dimorphic facial features…
Anger and fearful expressions influence perceptions of physical strength: Testing the signalling functions of emotional facial expressions with a visual aftereffects paradigm
Evidence for a kernel of truth in children’s facial impressions of children’s niceness, but not shyness
Adults teach children not to "judge a book by its cover." However, adults make rapid judgments of character from a glance at a child's face. These impressions can be modestly accurate, suggesting that adults may be sensitive to valid signals of character in children's faces. However, it is not clear whether such sensitivity requires decades of social experience, in line with the development of other face-processing abilities (e.g., facial emotion…
Psychology (24 works) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (19 works) · Cognitive psychology (16 works) · Developmental psychology (16 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Face Recognition and Perception (15 works) · Perception (11 works) · Face perception (7 works) · Neuroscience (7 works) · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment (7 works)