Jon Garland
Biographic Data
| ID | 3660245 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jon Garland |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jon |
| FAMILY NAME | Garland |
| SIGNATURE | GARLAND J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Leicester |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8603-9939 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 47 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 259 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 46 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Food and penal legitimacy in women's prisons
Prison is a space of deprivation of liberty with multiple ‘pains of imprisonment’ inflicted on those serving time. One component of the prison experience seldom discussed is the impact of food, particularly the ways in which food communicates broader issues about penal legitimacy. Penal legitimacy – how the penal regime operates in ways which command authority and willingness to comply – has been understood through a multitude of prison regime el…
How does hate hurt more? National evidence for the varying emotional impacts of hate crime
The last 20 years have witnessed a growth in the recognition of the profound negative impacts of hate crime. As a result, many criminal justice systems have adopted sentencing approaches that hold the perpetrator accountable for the additional harm these offences cause to victims. While this added sentencing penalty may be supported through a retributive lens, and the wider ‘signalling’ element of these offences, there is comparatively little rob…
You feel like you’re doing something’
Prison visits are important opportunities for those incarcerated to see their family members and maintain and strengthen family relationships. However, prison visits can be experienced as a stressful environment where family members lack control. This article advances understandings of the prison visiting room as a space for foodcare – one that presents opportunities for incarcerated women and their family members to ‘re-do’ family by demonstrati…
The organisation and operation of policing on university campuses
The operation of policing services on university campuses in the United Kingdom is under-researched. Drawing on interviews with university managers, security personnel and residential wardens, this article adds to the limited literature on policing in educational institutions by providing a case study of the organisation and implementation of campus policing at a university in the United Kingdom. We find that the work of the security teams includ…
Policing universities
Body-worn cameras (BWCs) are widely used across the public and private sectors, including in law enforcement, education, and transport.An extensive body of work exists on the use of BWCs by the public police and their impacts on officers and citizens' behaviours.In contrast, literature on the use of BWCs use in private security is very limited.Even more so is research on the use of BWCs by private security on university campuses.Drawing on semi-s…
Connection Rather Than Output
This paper offers a reflective account of delivering art workshops in women's prisons in England, as one method in a larger, qualitative study around the role of food in prisons. We present reflections around the role of art workshops in building relationships and community between the researcher and the participants, and the participants themselves. We found that building connection through art workshops, in a hostile and challenging environment…
The production of hate crime victim status
This article identifies discourses which serve to ‘normalise’ experiences of anti-LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) violence and prevent harmed LGBT persons from accessing the status of ‘hate crime victim’. The phenomenon of normalisation is established in research addressing homophobic, biphobic and transphobic violence, where it is understood fundamentally as the rendering unremarkable of violent manifestations of hate due to their …
Managing inclusion or preparing for exclusion? A critical examination of gender-responsive management of female Central and Eastern European prisoners in England and Wales
This article examines practitioner understandings and implementation of gender-responsive support within female prisons in England and Wales in the context of a growing emphasis on effective deportation of foreign national prisoners. Drawing on a case study of female prisoners from Central and Eastern states of the European Union (EU), we argue that the aims of gender-responsivity, designed to address women's gendered vulnerabilities to support t…
Police-community engagement and the affordances and constraints of social media
This article provides an analysis of the ‘affordances’ and ‘constraints’ of technology-mediated police-community engagement in the United Kingdom (UK). Whilst there has been optimism that social media may transform police communicative practice and help democratise policing, studies suggest that this potential has yet to be realised. Drawing on in-depth interviews with communications professionals, the article demonstrates that social media may a…
Police officer transitions to retirement in the United Kingdom
This article draws on qualitative interviews to examine police officers’ experiences of transitioning to retirement in the United Kingdom, a matter that has been hitherto under researched. We find that the well-established routines and the social identity conferred by the police role are severed at retirement and the transition to retirement may be experienced as disruptive. This has implications for self-esteem, access to support, and perception…
The organisation doesn’t particularly consider itself responsible for you’
In times of increasing pressures on the police service, looking after the well-being of its staff has never been more paramount. However, there has been little academic consideration either of the nature of organisational support for officers injured in the line of duty, nor of the implications for injured officers and constabularies. This article aims to fill this lacuna by drawing on interviews with police officers in England and Wales to exami…
Police officers, mental (ill-)health and spoiled identity
This article considers the processes through which some police officers with mental ill-health experience stigmatization in police organizations. Situated in the sociological framework of Goffman and in modified labelling theory, it draws on the findings of a qualitative study and examines the sources of stigma embedded in police work, the consequences of stigma for the labelled officer, the nature of any resistance to the application of the labe…
Targeted harassment, subcultural identity and the embrace of difference
This paper examines the significance of experiences and understandings of targeted harassment to the identities of youth subcultural participants, through case study research on goths. It does so against a context of considerable recent public discussion about the victimization of alternative subcultures and a surprising scarcity of academic research on the subject. The analysis presented indicates that, although individual direct experiences are…
It Felt Like a Little War
This article examines the forms and impact of violence against people identifying as members of alternative subcultures. It draws upon the findings from interviews and focus groups undertaken with over 60 participants from a range of alternative subcultural backgrounds, conducted as part of a broader two-year study of many different strands of targeted hostility. The article presents evidence to show that 'alternatives' are subjected to a wide ra…
F**king Freak! What the Hell Do You Think You Look Like?’
Greater Manchester Police’s categorization of targeted attacks on ‘alternative subculture’ members as hate crimes prompted extensive debate about whether such incidents are comparable to those of recognized hate crime groups. Hate crime experts have contributed to this debate, but there is a lack of detailed empirical research on the subject. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 21 respondents mostly affiliated to the goth scene, this article u…
Rural Racism
© the Editors and contributors 2004. All rights reserved.Rural issues are currently attracting unprecedented levels of interest, with the debates surrounding the future of 'traditional' rural customs and practice becoming a significant political concern. However, the problem of racism in rural areas has been largely overlooked by academics, practitioners and researchers who have sought almost exclusively to develop an understanding of racism in u…
Reconceptualizing hate crime victimization through the lens of vulnerability and ‘difference’
This article suggests that the concepts of vulnerability and ‘difference’ should be focal points of hate crime scholarship if the values at the heart of the hate crime movement are not to be diluted. By stringently associating hate crime with particular strands of victims and sets of motivations through singular constructions of identity, criminologists have created a divisive and hierarchical approach to understanding hate crime. To counter thes…
Youth Culture, Popular Music and the End of ‘Consensus’ in Post-War Britain
What Next, Dwarves?’
This article addresses the nature of police television dramas through an in-depth analysis of the characters and plotlines of the BBC show Life on Mars. It assesses how the series compares and contrasts with other cop shows such as The Sweeney and The Wire and questions whether the fictional representations of police and society in Life on Mars are indicative of what criminologists know about police culture from the 1970s onwards. The article als…
Difficulties in defining hate crime victimization
This article analyses the issues involved with deciding which identity groups are categorized as specific hate crime victim groups and which are not. It assesses whether theories of hate crime based around hierarchical notions of group dominance and subordination are helpful in determining which groups should be included under the hate crime ‘umbrella’. Through a discussion of the victimization of disabled people, the elderly and the homeless, th…
Masculinity, Marginalization and Violence
In this article, we use three case studies, undertaken with young, white, working-class men involved in the English Defence League, to examine how they construct a specific form of violent masculinity. We argue that these accounts demonstrate that violence is socio-structurally generated but also individually psychologically justified, because these young men turn experiences of acute inequality and disenchantment into inner psychological scripts…
It's a Mosher Just Been Banged for No Reason’
The murder of Sophie Lancaster in August 2007 in Lancashire, England, made national headlines, both for the brutal nature of the assault upon her and also because she had been attacked solely due to her ‘alternative’, gothic appearance. At the trial of her teenage assailants the judge surprisingly referred to the incident as a ‘hate crime’, apparently viewing the targeting of her ‘difference’ as being the key defining factor of what constitutes s…
Hate Crime
This engaging and thought-provoking text provides an accessible introduction to the subject of hate crime. In a world where issues of hatred and prejudice are creating complex challenges for society and for governments, this book provides an articulate and insightful overview of how such issues relate to crime and criminal justice. It offers comprehensive coverage, including topics such as: •Racist hate crime •Religiously motivated hate crime •Ho…
Nationality
London : Jonathan Cape ( 2007 ) 244pp . £12.99pb ISBN 978-0-224-08040-8 The shocking death of David Oluwale in 1969 did not impinge upon the national consciousness in the same way that Stephen Lawrence's brutal murder did in the 1990s. Indeed, aside from a degree of attention in the local Yorkshire press, his case did not make much of a splash in the media at all. Yet the tragedy of Oluwale's death said as much about the nature of English society…
Protean times
Rural villages are often portrayed as problem-free, idyllic environments characterized by neighbourliness and cultural homogeneity. Drawing upon the growing body of research into issues of rural racism, this article challenges these prevailing notions by highlighting some of the problems associated with the increasing ethnic diversity of rural populations. The article begins by addressing the symbolic importance given to the English countryside b…
Reconceptualizing hate crime victimization through the lens of vulnerability and ‘difference’
This article suggests that the concepts of vulnerability and ‘difference’ should be focal points of hate crime scholarship if the values at the heart of the hate crime movement are not to be diluted. By stringently associating hate crime with particular strands of victims and sets of motivations through singular constructions of identity, criminologists have created a divisive and hierarchical approach to understanding hate crime. To counter thes…
Race’, Space and Place
Rural village communities in England are commonly portrayed as being neighbourly and close-knit, with villagers perceived as having a deep-seated sense of local identity complemented by strong feelings of belonging. This narrow view obscures, and marginalizes, the experiences of minority ethnic residents who can often feel excluded from village life. This article assesses whether the process of ‘othering’ that works to ostracize minority ethnic h…
England's green and pleasant land? examining racist prejudice in a rural context
Popular constructions of rural England have perpetuated images of idyllic, problem-free environments that have largely masked the process of ‘othering’ that works to marginalize particular groups within rural society. Drawing on the findings of studies conducted in two rural English counties, Chakraborti and Garland assert that racist prejudice is very much part of the reality of rural living for minority ethnic groups whose presence in the count…
War Minus the Shooting
The European Championship held in England during June 1996 marked an important stage in the popular rehabilitation of football in Britain. Coupled with the financial revolution that has been occasioned by revenue the game now receives from television companies and sponsors, events such as Euro 96 have seen football become a major aspect of popular culture. Such a transformation would have been unthinkable to many during earlier periods when the g…
Masculinity, Marginalization and Violence
In this article, we use three case studies, undertaken with young, white, working-class men involved in the English Defence League, to examine how they construct a specific form of violent masculinity. We argue that these accounts demonstrate that violence is socio-structurally generated but also individually psychologically justified, because these young men turn experiences of acute inequality and disenchantment into inner psychological scripts…
Difficulties in defining hate crime victimization
This article analyses the issues involved with deciding which identity groups are categorized as specific hate crime victim groups and which are not. It assesses whether theories of hate crime based around hierarchical notions of group dominance and subordination are helpful in determining which groups should be included under the hate crime ‘umbrella’. Through a discussion of the victimization of disabled people, the elderly and the homeless, th…
It's a Mosher Just Been Banged for No Reason’
The murder of Sophie Lancaster in August 2007 in Lancashire, England, made national headlines, both for the brutal nature of the assault upon her and also because she had been attacked solely due to her ‘alternative’, gothic appearance. At the trial of her teenage assailants the judge surprisingly referred to the incident as a ‘hate crime’, apparently viewing the targeting of her ‘difference’ as being the key defining factor of what constitutes s…
Recognising and Responding to Victims of Rural Racism
In recent decades policy-makers and academics have afforded increasing levels of recognition to the needs of victims of crime. However, much of this ‘new’ focus has centred upon urban environments, with only limited attention given to rural crime and victimisation. Significantly, even within the small body of rural-based work, the concerns of victims of racist harassment have been largely neglected. This article seeks to redress this situation by…
Selling the Game Short
During the last decades racism has been a persistent scar on British football, and yet the problem has often gone unacknowledged and unchallenged by the game’s authorities. However, in recent seasons, significant antiracist programs have been developed within the context of British football, and the situation has been drastically transformed. This study provides a critical review of these schemes and contests that they have limitations arising fr…
Have You Been Diversified Yet?” Developments in Police Community and Race Relations Training in England and Wales
For several decades, the police in England and Wales have been providing in-house training in community and ‘race relations’ (CRR). In recent years, largely in response to pressure from Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary, there has been an increase in the importance placed upon evaluating the effectiveness of this training. This article is based on findings of one such evaluation programme, carried out by the authors. Key features of poli…
Research Note
Recent legislative, social and political developments in the UK have drawn attention to minority ethnic communities' experiences and perceptions of crime and the racialised discrimination suffered by such communities at various stages of the criminal justice system. This research note further explores these issues by discussing the findings of a study which examined the views of minority ethnic communities based in the predominantly rural English…
F**king Freak! What the Hell Do You Think You Look Like?’
Greater Manchester Police’s categorization of targeted attacks on ‘alternative subculture’ members as hate crimes prompted extensive debate about whether such incidents are comparable to those of recognized hate crime groups. Hate crime experts have contributed to this debate, but there is a lack of detailed empirical research on the subject. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 21 respondents mostly affiliated to the goth scene, this article u…
Youth Culture, Popular Music and the End of ‘Consensus’ in Post-War Britain
Hearing Lost Voices
This article addresses key methodological and ethical dilemmas faced by criminologists when investigating the experiences of minority ethnic households. The paper argues that by employing broad ethnic categories, such as ‘Black’ or ‘Asian’, when examining or discussing minority ethnic groups, statutory agencies can mask the specific concerns of those diverse ‘hidden’ communities that are subsumed under such umbrella classifications. The propensit…
Police officer transitions to retirement in the United Kingdom
This article draws on qualitative interviews to examine police officers’ experiences of transitioning to retirement in the United Kingdom, a matter that has been hitherto under researched. We find that the well-established routines and the social identity conferred by the police role are severed at retirement and the transition to retirement may be experienced as disruptive. This has implications for self-esteem, access to support, and perception…
Police officers, mental (ill-)health and spoiled identity
This article considers the processes through which some police officers with mental ill-health experience stigmatization in police organizations. Situated in the sociological framework of Goffman and in modified labelling theory, it draws on the findings of a qualitative study and examines the sources of stigma embedded in police work, the consequences of stigma for the labelled officer, the nature of any resistance to the application of the labe…
It Felt Like a Little War
This article examines the forms and impact of violence against people identifying as members of alternative subcultures. It draws upon the findings from interviews and focus groups undertaken with over 60 participants from a range of alternative subcultural backgrounds, conducted as part of a broader two-year study of many different strands of targeted hostility. The article presents evidence to show that 'alternatives' are subjected to a wide ra…
Protean times
Rural villages are often portrayed as problem-free, idyllic environments characterized by neighbourliness and cultural homogeneity. Drawing upon the growing body of research into issues of rural racism, this article challenges these prevailing notions by highlighting some of the problems associated with the increasing ethnic diversity of rural populations. The article begins by addressing the symbolic importance given to the English countryside b…
An ‘Invisible’ Problem? Uncovering the Nature of Racist Victimisation in Rural Suffolk
The issue of racist victimisation in rural areas has been largely overlooked in academic and political circles, although there is growing evidence to suggest that the prevalence and impact of racism are significant problems for minority ethnic groups living in rural parts of England. This article aims to address the paucity of research conducted in the area by outlining the findings of a study conducted in rural parts of Suffolk (a county in the …
The hooligan's fear of the penalty
(2000). The hooligan's fear of the penalty. Soccer & Society: Vol. 1, The Future of Football: Challenges for the Twenty‐First Centu, pp. 144-157
The production of hate crime victim status
This article identifies discourses which serve to ‘normalise’ experiences of anti-LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) violence and prevent harmed LGBT persons from accessing the status of ‘hate crime victim’. The phenomenon of normalisation is established in research addressing homophobic, biphobic and transphobic violence, where it is understood fundamentally as the rendering unremarkable of violent manifestations of hate due to their …
Police-community engagement and the affordances and constraints of social media
This article provides an analysis of the ‘affordances’ and ‘constraints’ of technology-mediated police-community engagement in the United Kingdom (UK). Whilst there has been optimism that social media may transform police communicative practice and help democratise policing, studies suggest that this potential has yet to be realised. Drawing on in-depth interviews with communications professionals, the article demonstrates that social media may a…
The organisation doesn’t particularly consider itself responsible for you’
In times of increasing pressures on the police service, looking after the well-being of its staff has never been more paramount. However, there has been little academic consideration either of the nature of organisational support for officers injured in the line of duty, nor of the implications for injured officers and constabularies. This article aims to fill this lacuna by drawing on interviews with police officers in England and Wales to exami…
Targeted harassment, subcultural identity and the embrace of difference
This paper examines the significance of experiences and understandings of targeted harassment to the identities of youth subcultural participants, through case study research on goths. It does so against a context of considerable recent public discussion about the victimization of alternative subcultures and a surprising scarcity of academic research on the subject. The analysis presented indicates that, although individual direct experiences are…
Field of dreams? An assessment of antiracism in British football
(1999). Field of dreams? An assessment of antiracism in British football. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies: Vol. 25, Caribbean Migration to Europe and North America, pp. 335-344
The ‘English Disease’ — Cured or in Remission? An Analysis of Police Responses to Football Hooliganism in the 1990s
Selling the Game Short
During the last decades racism has been a persistent scar on British football, and yet the problem has often gone unacknowledged and unchallenged by the game’s authorities. However, in recent seasons, significant antiracist programs have been developed within the context of British football, and the situation has been drastically transformed. This study provides a critical review of these schemes and contests that they have limitations arising fr…
Policing Racism at Football Matches
Field of dreams? An assessment of antiracism in British football
(1999). Field of dreams? An assessment of antiracism in British football. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies: Vol. 25, Caribbean Migration to Europe and North America, pp. 335-344
War Minus the Shooting
The European Championship held in England during June 1996 marked an important stage in the popular rehabilitation of football in Britain. Coupled with the financial revolution that has been occasioned by revenue the game now receives from television companies and sponsors, events such as Euro 96 have seen football become a major aspect of popular culture. Such a transformation would have been unthinkable to many during earlier periods when the g…
The hooligan's fear of the penalty
(2000). The hooligan's fear of the penalty. Soccer & Society: Vol. 1, The Future of Football: Challenges for the Twenty‐First Centu, pp. 144-157
Surfing the Crime Net
Surfing the Crime Net
Surfing the Crime Net
Countryside Alliance? An Assessment of Multi-Agency Responses to Racism in Rural Suffolk
Surfing the Crime Net
Have You Been Diversified Yet?” Developments in Police Community and Race Relations Training in England and Wales
For several decades, the police in England and Wales have been providing in-house training in community and ‘race relations’ (CRR). In recent years, largely in response to pressure from Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary, there has been an increase in the importance placed upon evaluating the effectiveness of this training. This article is based on findings of one such evaluation programme, carried out by the authors. Key features of poli…
An ‘Invisible’ Problem? Uncovering the Nature of Racist Victimisation in Rural Suffolk
The issue of racist victimisation in rural areas has been largely overlooked in academic and political circles, although there is growing evidence to suggest that the prevalence and impact of racism are significant problems for minority ethnic groups living in rural parts of England. This article aims to address the paucity of research conducted in the area by outlining the findings of a study conducted in rural parts of Suffolk (a county in the …
Research Note
Recent legislative, social and political developments in the UK have drawn attention to minority ethnic communities' experiences and perceptions of crime and the racialised discrimination suffered by such communities at various stages of the criminal justice system. This research note further explores these issues by discussing the findings of a study which examined the views of minority ethnic communities based in the predominantly rural English…
The Same Old Story? Englishness, the Tabloid Press and the 2002 Football World Cup
This paper examines representations of English identity in the popular press through a review of the tabloids' coverage of the 2002 Football World Cup. Utilizing a qualitative discourse analysis approach, the paper assesses the content, style and tone of reports of the England team during the tournament and places these within the context of contemporaneous news and current affairs. It is argued that much of the coverage of England's matches was …
Surfing the Crime Net
Out of Sight, Out of Mind? Towards developing an understanding of the needs of ‘hidden’ minority ethnic communities
England's green and pleasant land? examining racist prejudice in a rural context
Popular constructions of rural England have perpetuated images of idyllic, problem-free environments that have largely masked the process of ‘othering’ that works to marginalize particular groups within rural society. Drawing on the findings of studies conducted in two rural English counties, Chakraborti and Garland assert that racist prejudice is very much part of the reality of rural living for minority ethnic groups whose presence in the count…
Surfing the Crime Net
Recognising and Responding to Victims of Rural Racism
In recent decades policy-makers and academics have afforded increasing levels of recognition to the needs of victims of crime. However, much of this ‘new’ focus has centred upon urban environments, with only limited attention given to rural crime and victimisation. Significantly, even within the small body of rural-based work, the concerns of victims of racist harassment have been largely neglected. This article seeks to redress this situation by…
Hearing Lost Voices
This article addresses key methodological and ethical dilemmas faced by criminologists when investigating the experiences of minority ethnic households. The paper argues that by employing broad ethnic categories, such as ‘Black’ or ‘Asian’, when examining or discussing minority ethnic groups, statutory agencies can mask the specific concerns of those diverse ‘hidden’ communities that are subsumed under such umbrella classifications. The propensit…
Race’, Space and Place
Rural village communities in England are commonly portrayed as being neighbourly and close-knit, with villagers perceived as having a deep-seated sense of local identity complemented by strong feelings of belonging. This narrow view obscures, and marginalizes, the experiences of minority ethnic residents who can often feel excluded from village life. This article assesses whether the process of ‘othering’ that works to ostracize minority ethnic h…
Protean times
Rural villages are often portrayed as problem-free, idyllic environments characterized by neighbourliness and cultural homogeneity. Drawing upon the growing body of research into issues of rural racism, this article challenges these prevailing notions by highlighting some of the problems associated with the increasing ethnic diversity of rural populations. The article begins by addressing the symbolic importance given to the English countryside b…
Nationality
London : Jonathan Cape ( 2007 ) 244pp . £12.99pb ISBN 978-0-224-08040-8 The shocking death of David Oluwale in 1969 did not impinge upon the national consciousness in the same way that Stephen Lawrence's brutal murder did in the 1990s. Indeed, aside from a degree of attention in the local Yorkshire press, his case did not make much of a splash in the media at all. Yet the tragedy of Oluwale's death said as much about the nature of English society…
Hate Crime
This engaging and thought-provoking text provides an accessible introduction to the subject of hate crime. In a world where issues of hatred and prejudice are creating complex challenges for society and for governments, this book provides an articulate and insightful overview of how such issues relate to crime and criminal justice. It offers comprehensive coverage, including topics such as: •Racist hate crime •Religiously motivated hate crime •Ho…
Sociology (38 works) · Political science (36 works) · Criminology (33 works) · Law (29 works) · Law (24 works) · Psychology (24 works) · Gender Studies (18 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Gender Studies (15 works) · Poison control (13 works)