Sandra Wilson
Biographic Data
| ID | 3662353 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Sandra Wilson |
| GIVEN NAMES | Sandra |
| FAMILY NAME | Wilson |
| SIGNATURE | WILSON S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Murdoch University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6431-2359 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 47 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 34 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 44 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1931 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Detention Camps in Asia
Why have Asian states – colonial and independent – imprisoned people on a massive scale in detention camps? How have detainees experienced the long months and years of captivity? And what does the creation of camps and the segregation of people in them mean for society as a whole? This ambitious book surveys the systems of detention camps set up in Asia from the beginning of the 20th century in The Philippines, Indonesia, Japan, Malaya, Myanmar (…
Why were there no war crimes trials for the Korean War
In the Korean War of 1950-53, U.S. authorities were determined to pursue atrocities perpetrated by North Korean and Communist Chinese forces through legal channels, in keeping with the standards they believed they had set after the Second World War. Yet, their plans foundered in Korea, despite extensive groundwork for prosecutions. Four factors were responsible. First, it was difficult to find reliable evidence and to identify and apprehend suspe…
Interpreters as Japanese War Criminals
During the Second World War, the Japanese military recruited interpreters throughout Asia to assist in interrogating suspected insurgents and managing prison and internment camps. Many interpreters were tried for war crimes by Allied authorities after Japan's surrender. Sentences passed on those who were convicted were often higher than for other low-ranking personnel. Principally using British records, I argue that interpreters were punished bec…
War crimes trials and the politics of justice
Considerations of justice and of politics were closely interconnected in the post-1945 Allied pursuit of Japanese war crimes suspects. Recent scholarship deals with the issue in broad terms, but this article shows the potential effect on individual cases, by examining the British pursuit of Lieutenant-General Kinoshita Eiichi, held responsible for cruel torture of wartime prisoners in Shanghai. Using archival sources from Britain, Hong Kong and t…
Japan’s colonial empire
Before 1945, Japan built a colonial empire with large non-Japanese populations. It annexed Taiwan (1895) and Korea (1910), established a client state in Manchuria (1932) and occupied parts of northern China (from 1933). Japan’s expansion drew on its initial success in persuading other Asians that would defend Asia against Western imperialism. War with China in 1937 led, in December 1941, to war against the West. Japan then occupied much of Southe…
Koreans in the Trials of Japanese War Crimes Suspects
Japanese War Criminals
The Sentence is Only Half the Story
When Allied governments passed sentence on Japanese war criminals from 1945 onwards, they expected that those convicted would stay in prison for their full terms. Within a comparatively short time, however, each government controlling Japanese war criminals’ sentences had granted them some form of clemency, and by the end of 1958, the last remaining war criminals, including those sentenced to life imprisonment, had been released with the agreemen…
Chinese and Japanese Films on the Second World War
The chapter discusses a wide selection of movies from the 1990s onwards to highlight continuity in both the ‘anti-war’ and ‘revisionist’ traditions of postwar Japanese cinema. On the one hand, a nationalist tendency in war movies stresses loyalty, self-sacrifice and the righteousness of the Japanese cause through the use and reuse of such cultural icons as the kamikaze pilots, the battleship Yamato, and the war hero Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku as we…
War Criminals in the Post-war World
Katō Tetsutarō was a suspected Japanese war criminal tried by US military commissions in Yokohama after the Second World War. He was convicted of murdering an escaped American prisoner of war, and was originally sentenced to death. In a highly unusual move, however, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Japan, General Douglas MacArthur, ordered a retrial, in which Katō received a sentence of 30 years. He was ultimately released in March 1…
Nation and Nationalism in Japan
Nationalism was one of the most important forces in 20th century Japan. It pervaded almost all aspects of Japanese life, but was a complex phenomenon, frequently changing, and often meaning different things to different people. This book brings together interesting, original new work, by a range of international leading scholars who consider Japanese nationalism in a wide variety of its aspects. Overall, the book provides many new insights and mu…
Film and Soldier
In 1950s Japan, films about the Second World War, especially the conflict in the Pacific, were very popular. Though some of them concentrated on misery and suffering, others were surprisingly positive in their portrayal of Japanese soldiers. The 1950s have the reputation of a pacifist decade in Japan, when people were only too glad to forget the war as they turned instead to the future. This orthodox view is undermined, however, by the undeniable…
Imperial Japan at Its Zenith
Reviewed by: Imperial Japan at Its Zenith: The Wartime Celebration of the Empire's 2,600th Anniversary Sandra Wilson (bio) Imperial Japan at Its Zenith: The Wartime Celebration of the Empire's 2,600th Anniversary. By Kenneth J. Ruoff. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 2010. xv, 236 pages. $39.95. In 1940 extensive celebrations were held in Japan to commemorate the 2,600th anniversary of the supposed enthronement in 660 BC of the mythical first em…
Exhibiting a new Japan
Using official materials and media commentary, this article examines two large-scale spectacles and their implications for post-war Japanese nationalism. Discursively, the Olympics and the World Exposition presented a clear vision of Japan: as a nation at the forefront of the international scene, fit to act as a champion of the non-Western world and firmly unified internally. In concrete ways, the two events strengthened the process of national i…
After the Trials
‘Lesser’ Japanese war criminals, or those in Classes ‘B’ and ‘C’, were prosecuted by the various Allied powers in courtrooms around Asia after the Second World War. They were then executed or imprisoned in the places in which they had been tried. By the end of 1953, however, all surviving prisoners had been repatriated to Japan to serve out the remainder of their sentences, and by the end of 1958, all had been released. The decision to repatriate…
Prisoners in Sugamo and their Campaign for Release, 1952–1953
The great majority of Japanese war criminals served part or all of their sentences in Sugamo Prison in Tokyo, either because they had been tried in Japan, or after repatriation from overseas. Once convicted, they tended to be invisible in historical accounts of the post-war period, but in fact they were not cut off from Japanese society or politics in the 1950s. Rather, Sugamo's inmates worked hard to win public sympathy, also exerting considerab…
Enthroning Hirohito
This essay examines the ceremonies surrounding the enthronement of Emperor Showa in 1928 and their implications for Japanese nationalism. The 1928 celebrations displayed the contours of official nationalism at the time and furthered national integration, principally because they took advantage of the great technological and cultural developments of the 1920s. Though official versions of nationalism were powerful, people participated in the celebr…
Japanese Society at War
Girls say yes to boys who say no
One month after the attacks of 11 September 2001 President George W. Bush issued a White House press statement addressed to the recent United States invasion of Afghanistan in which he made passing reference to Muslim women as ‘women of cover’.1 This seemingly casual invocation of the American feminist term ‘women of color’ presaged what would soon become a significant mobilisation of feminism as part of the ideology of the so-called War on Terro…
War, Soldier and Nation in 1950s Japan
The 1950s in Japan are usually considered to be marked by pacifism or a “victim consciousness” related to World War II, together with a rejection of war and of the military. Yet attention to the popular press and other sources designed to reflect and appeal to a mass audience, rather than magazines carrying debates among intellectuals, shows that throughout the 1950s the recent war was a much more dynamic issue than typically has been recognized,…
Family or state
Nationalist ideology and nationalist practice in Japan between 1937 and 1945 were fundamentally conditioned by gender. For women, the proper roles of the subject were most fully elaborated through the patriotic women's associations, principally Aikoku fujinkai (Patriotic Women's Association), Kokubō fujinkai (Women's National Defense Association), and Dai Nippon fujinkai (Greater Japan Women's Association). The last of these claimed 27 million me…
The discourse of national greatness in Japan, 1890–1919
Between about 1890 and 1919, the dominant discourse in Japanese nationalism emphasised Japan's status as a great modern nation, in contrast to earlier concerns about weakness and vulnerability in the face of Western imperialism, and despite continuing insecurities of various kinds. This paper revisits the ‘discourse of national greatness’, focusing on its construction, limitations and consequences. Emphasis on Japanese greatness was evident in th…
Bridging the gaps
Recent writing in English shows a range of new approaches to and interpretations of Japanese colonialism between 1931 and 1945. Earlier bodies of work tended to focus on the aims, strategies and structures of Japanese rule throughout the empire, especially the formal empire. Newer studies have not abandoned these concerns, especially in relation to geographical areas, notably Manchuria, that have only just begun to emerge or re-emerge in English-…
The Manchurian Crisis and Japanese Society, 1931-33
This book explores the reactions to the Manchurian crisis of different sections of the state, and of a number of different groups in Japanese society, particularly rural groups, women's organizations and business associations. It thus seeks to avoid a generalized account of public relations to the military and diplomatic events of the early 1930s, offering instead a nuanced account of the shifts in public and popular opinion in this crucial perio…
Rethinking the 1930s and the '15-Year War' in Japan
The labels we give to historical events and periods of time are powerful tools in structuring our understanding of the past
Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes
The ‘New Paradise’
(1995). The ‘New Paradise’: Japanese Emigration to Manchuria in the 1930s and 1940s. The International History Review: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 249-286
The Manchurian Crisis and Moderate Japanese Intellectuals
Ever since its occurrence, the 'Manchurian Incident' of September 1931 has been interpreted, by both Japanese and non-Japanese writers, as a crucial event in modern Japanese and, indeed, world history. Not least, it has been identified as the beginning of Japan's 'fifteen-year war'. Whether or not such judgements are accepted, it must be recognized that the Manchurian Incident and subsequent events significantly affected the workings of Japanese …
Bridging the gaps
Recent writing in English shows a range of new approaches to and interpretations of Japanese colonialism between 1931 and 1945. Earlier bodies of work tended to focus on the aims, strategies and structures of Japanese rule throughout the empire, especially the formal empire. Newer studies have not abandoned these concerns, especially in relation to geographical areas, notably Manchuria, that have only just begun to emerge or re-emerge in English-…
Mobilizing Women in Inter‐War Japan
Containing the Crisis
Japan's departure from the League of Nations in 1933 over the Manchurian issue has often been portrayed as an act of national self assertiveness signifying a willingness to defy international opinion and pursue an independent course in world affairs. The physical act by Matsuoka Yosuke and his delegation of walking out of the League Assembly on 24 February promotes an image of a firm and uncompromising attitude on the part of Japan; and as time p…
Film and Soldier
In 1950s Japan, films about the Second World War, especially the conflict in the Pacific, were very popular. Though some of them concentrated on misery and suffering, others were surprisingly positive in their portrayal of Japanese soldiers. The 1950s have the reputation of a pacifist decade in Japan, when people were only too glad to forget the war as they turned instead to the future. This orthodox view is undermined, however, by the undeniable…
After the Trials
‘Lesser’ Japanese war criminals, or those in Classes ‘B’ and ‘C’, were prosecuted by the various Allied powers in courtrooms around Asia after the Second World War. They were then executed or imprisoned in the places in which they had been tried. By the end of 1953, however, all surviving prisoners had been repatriated to Japan to serve out the remainder of their sentences, and by the end of 1958, all had been released. The decision to repatriate…
Enthroning Hirohito
This essay examines the ceremonies surrounding the enthronement of Emperor Showa in 1928 and their implications for Japanese nationalism. The 1928 celebrations displayed the contours of official nationalism at the time and furthered national integration, principally because they took advantage of the great technological and cultural developments of the 1920s. Though official versions of nationalism were powerful, people participated in the celebr…
Police work
The Manchurian Crisis and Japanese Society, 1931–33
Choosing between Logistic Regression and Discriminant Analysis
Classifying an observation into one of several populations is discriminant analysis, or classification. Relating qualitative variables to other variables through a logistic cdf functional form is logistic regression. Estimators generated for one of these problems are often used in the other. If the populations are normal with identical covariance matrices, discriminant analysis estimators are preferred to logistic regression estimators for the di…
Police work
Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes
Police Perceptions of Protest
In 1972, a writer in the fournal of Contemporary History observed that 'until fairly recently police history could easily be confused with adventure or detective stories put into a historical setting'. Increasingly, sociologists and historians have turned their attention to studies of the structure and functioning of police forces in various societies.1 Most of the articles and monographs dealing with the histories of the Australian police forces…
Gender in modern Japanese history
Which text? A comment on beasley's Rise of Modern Japan and other textbooks on modern Japanese history
The Manchurian Crisis and Moderate Japanese Intellectuals
Ever since its occurrence, the 'Manchurian Incident' of September 1931 has been interpreted, by both Japanese and non-Japanese writers, as a crucial event in modern Japanese and, indeed, world history. Not least, it has been identified as the beginning of Japan's 'fifteen-year war'. Whether or not such judgements are accepted, it must be recognized that the Manchurian Incident and subsequent events significantly affected the workings of Japanese …
Rationalising imperialism
(1994). Rationalising imperialism: Women's magazines in the early 1930s. Japanese Studies: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 39-53
Campus news
Film and video reviews
Women, the state and the media in Japan in the early 1930s
Mobilizing Women in Inter‐War Japan
The ‘New Paradise’
(1995). The ‘New Paradise’: Japanese Emigration to Manchuria in the 1930s and 1940s. The International History Review: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 249-286
Containing the Crisis
Japan's departure from the League of Nations in 1933 over the Manchurian issue has often been portrayed as an act of national self assertiveness signifying a willingness to defy international opinion and pursue an independent course in world affairs. The physical act by Matsuoka Yosuke and his delegation of walking out of the League Assembly on 24 February promotes an image of a firm and uncompromising attitude on the part of Japan; and as time p…
The Russo-Japanese War and Japan
The Russo-Japanese conflict was Japan’s most significant experience of war up until the disaster of 1937–45. It influenced all shades of political thought in Japan, almost certainly having a greater effect than in Russia, where the government committed a far lower proportion of its population to war service, and had to contend with domestic revolutionary movements at the same time. Between 1903 and 1905 the conflict with Russia was an overwhelmin…
The Russo-Japanese War in Cultural Perspective, 1904–05
The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 has been widely seen as a historical turning-point. For the first time in modern history an Asian nation competed on equal terms with a European country and overturned the prevailing balance of power. Based on a wide range of sources in Russian, Japanese and other languages, this book goes beyond the military and world-political grand narratives to examine the war's social, cultural, literary and intellectual imp…
More Than a Momentary Nightmare
A Diary of Darkness
The Russo-Japanese War in Cultural Perspective, 1904-05
Rethinking the 1930s and the '15-Year War' in Japan
The labels we give to historical events and periods of time are powerful tools in structuring our understanding of the past
Rethinking the 1930s and the '15-Year War' in Japan
Publications briefly noted
SHARON KINSELLA. Adult Manga: culture and Power in Contemporary Japanese Society. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2000. xii, 228 pp. £12.99, paper. STEPHEN ESKILDSEN. Asceticism in Early Taoist Religion. Albany, NY: State University of New York, 1998. vii, 229 pp. US$19.85, paper. H. A. J. KLOOSTER. Bibliography of the Indonesian Revolution, Publications from 1942 to 1994. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1997. Bibliographical Series no. 21. 666 pp. J. E. HO…
The Manchurian Crisis and Japanese Society, 1931-33
This book explores the reactions to the Manchurian crisis of different sections of the state, and of a number of different groups in Japanese society, particularly rural groups, women's organizations and business associations. It thus seeks to avoid a generalized account of public relations to the military and diplomatic events of the early 1930s, offering instead a nuanced account of the shifts in public and popular opinion in this crucial perio…
The discourse of national greatness in Japan, 1890–1919
Between about 1890 and 1919, the dominant discourse in Japanese nationalism emphasised Japan's status as a great modern nation, in contrast to earlier concerns about weakness and vulnerability in the face of Western imperialism, and despite continuing insecurities of various kinds. This paper revisits the ‘discourse of national greatness’, focusing on its construction, limitations and consequences. Emphasis on Japanese greatness was evident in th…
Political science (39 works) · Japanese History and Culture (34 works) · History (32 works) · Law (24 works) · Sociology (21 works) · Politics (18 works) · History (16 works) · Law (12 works) · Ancient history (11 works) · Economic history (11 works)