David M Kaplan
Biographic Data
| ID | 3687403 |
|---|---|
| NAME | David M Kaplan |
| GIVEN NAMES | David M |
| FAMILY NAME | Kaplan |
| SIGNATURE | KAPLAN D M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Brandeis University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7532-1114 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 53 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 504 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1957 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Rethinking psychological measurement: Validity potential versus realised validity
We propose a concept of validity with a novel feature that we argue can facilitate improved measurement validation practices in the psychological sciences. Following Borsboom and colleagues, our concept of validity is measurement-specific and causal. This contrasts with current guidelines linking validity to the acceptability of both measurement and non-measurement-based interpretations of test scores. Benefits of a measurement-specific concept o…
Kinematics in context: Predicting other’s action intentions entails the perception of affordances
Intention prediction is essential for successful social interaction, but traditional research focusing solely on movement kinematics often overlooks the array of action possibilities in natural settings. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to explore intention prediction, analysing free-text responses from participants who watched videos of an actor reaching for a cup, bottle, or spoon, each with a distinct intention. Each video included …
K-Class instrumental variables quantile regression
Inference on Consensus Ranking of Distributions
Instead of testing for unanimous agreement, I propose learning how broad of a consensus favors one distribution over another (of earnings, productivity, asset returns, test scores, etc.). Specifically, given a sample from each of two distributions, I propose statistical inference methods to learn about the set of utility functions for which the first distribution has higher expected utility than the second distribution. With high probability, an …
Recovery at sea of abandoned, lost or discarded drifting fish aggregating devices
Tropical tuna purse-seine fishing vessels contribute to abandoned, lost or discarded (ALD) fishing equipment by deploying large numbers of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs). Here we analysed more than 80,000 dFAD trajectories (56,263 tracking buoys) in the Indian and Atlantic oceans from 2012 to 2018. We found that more than 40% of dFAD trajectories ultimately drifted away from fishing grounds, becoming ALD. About 20% of these lost dFADs …
Local context effects in the magnitude-duration illusion: Size but not numerical value sequentially alters perceived duration
Are More Details Better? On the Norms of Completeness for Mechanistic Explanations
Completeness is an important but misunderstood norm of explanation. It has recently been argued that mechanistic accounts of scientific explanation are committed to the thesis that models are complete only if they describe everything about a mechanism and, as a corollary, that incomplete models are always improved by adding more details. If so, mechanistic accounts are at odds with the obvious and important role of abstraction in scientific model…
Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics
Decoding the Brain: Neural Representation and the Limits of Multivariate Pattern Analysis in Cognitive Neuroscience
Since its introduction, multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), or 'neural decoding', has transformed the field of cognitive neuroscience. Underlying its influence is a crucial inference, which we call the decoder's dictum: if information can be decoded from patterns of neural activity, then this provides strong evidence about what information those patterns represent. Although the dictum is a widely held and well-motivated principle in decoding re…
New Concepts in the 2014 ACA Code of Ethics
The 2014 revision of the ACA Code of Ethics (American Counseling Association [ACA], ) substantially raises the bar for the ethical practice of professional counselors. This article provides interviews with members of the ACA Ethics Revision Task Force that explore and clarify new imperatives in the areas of ethical decision making, professional values, managing and maintaining boundaries, technology (including social media), the nonimposition of …
Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics
Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics
The philosophy of food
This book explores food from a philosophical perspective, bringing together sixteen leading philosophers to consider the most basic questions about food: What is it exactly? What should we eat? How do we know it is safe? How should food be distributed? What is good food? David M. Kaplan's erudite and informative introduction grounds the discussion, showing how philosophers since Plato have taken up questions about food, diet, agriculture, and ani…
Explanation and description in computational neuroscience
The Explanatory Force of Dynamical and Mathematical Models in Neuroscience: A Mechanistic Perspective
We argue that dynamical and mathematical models in systems and cognitive neuroscience explain (rather than redescribe) a phenomenon only if there is a plausible mapping between elements in the model and elements in the mechanism for the phenomenon. We demonstrate how this model-to-mechanism-mapping constraint, when satisfied, endows a model with explanatory force with respect to the phenomenon to be explained. Several paradigmatic models includin…
The Relationship Between Acculturation and Mental Health of Arab Americans
This study investigated the relationship between mental health and the degree of acculturation among Arab Americans. Subjects were adults of Arab or Chaldean descent who took part in the 2003 Detroit Arab American Study (DAAS). Data from 1,016 Arab American families revealed that the relationship between acculturation and mental health is complex and influenced by a number of other variables. There was significant evidence that besides demographi…
New tools for the spatial management of living marine resources
What Things Still Don’t Do
Early math matters: Kindergarten number competence and later mathematics outcomes
Children's number competencies over 6 time points, from the beginning of kindergarten to the middle of 1st grade, were examined in relation to their mathematics achievement over 5 later time points, from the end of 1st grade to the end of 3rd grade. The relation between early number competence and mathematics achievement was strong and significant throughout the study period. A sequential process growth curve model showed that kindergarten number…
An overview of Markov chain methods for the study of stage-sequential developmental processes
This article presents an overview of quantitative methodologies for the study of stage-sequential development based on extensions of Markov chain modeling. Four methods are presented that exemplify the flexibility of this approach: the manifest Markov model, the latent Markov model, latent transition analysis, and the mixture latent Markov model. A special case of the mixture latent Markov model, the so-called mover-stayer model, is used in this …
Paul Ricoeur and the Philosophy of Technology
How to Reconcile Physicalism and Antireductionism about Biology
Physicalism and antireductionism are the ruling orthodoxy in the philosophy of biology. But these two theses are difficult to reconcile. Merely embracing an epistemic antireductionism will not suffice, as both reductionists and antireductionists accept that given our cognitive interests and limitations, non-molecular explanations may not be improved, corrected or grounded in molecular ones. Moreover, antireductionists themselves view their claim …
The career life of academics: Boundaried or boundaryless
The existence of tenure exerts opposing forces on the careers of academics. Ideally, tenure ensures academic freedom and individual autonomy. Yet tenure also regiments the lives of those on the tenure-track and often creates inertia for individuals once receiving it. Consequently, academic careers can be characterized as either boundaried or boundaryless, depending on the individual. This article develops a typology of four academic career types …
Scientific Nomadism and the New Geopolitics of Knowledge
Four studies of crisis in parents of prematures
Early math matters: Kindergarten number competence and later mathematics outcomes
Children's number competencies over 6 time points, from the beginning of kindergarten to the middle of 1st grade, were examined in relation to their mathematics achievement over 5 later time points, from the end of 1st grade to the end of 3rd grade. The relation between early number competence and mathematics achievement was strong and significant throughout the study period. A sequential process growth curve model showed that kindergarten number…
The Explanatory Force of Dynamical and Mathematical Models in Neuroscience: A Mechanistic Perspective
We argue that dynamical and mathematical models in systems and cognitive neuroscience explain (rather than redescribe) a phenomenon only if there is a plausible mapping between elements in the model and elements in the mechanism for the phenomenon. We demonstrate how this model-to-mechanism-mapping constraint, when satisfied, endows a model with explanatory force with respect to the phenomenon to be explained. Several paradigmatic models includin…
Explanation and description in computational neuroscience
Quantifying in
Are More Details Better? On the Norms of Completeness for Mechanistic Explanations
Completeness is an important but misunderstood norm of explanation. It has recently been argued that mechanistic accounts of scientific explanation are committed to the thesis that models are complete only if they describe everything about a mechanism and, as a corollary, that incomplete models are always improved by adding more details. If so, mechanistic accounts are at odds with the obvious and important role of abstraction in scientific model…
Peasantries in Anthropology and History [and Comments and Replies]
This paper describes three sequential stages of West European peasantry (feudal, early modern, late modern) in order to establish a basis for comparison with the peasantries currently studied by anthropologists in Third World countries (almost all of which are in the early stage of economic development and cultural modernization). The village-community peasantries of the Third World may be regarded either as varying mixtures of tribal and some st…
"Foster's "Image of Limited Good: An Example of Anthropological Explanation1
Hempel and Oppenheim on Explanation
Hempel and Oppenheim, in their paper ‘The Logic of Explanation’, have offered an analysis of the notion of scientific explanation. The present paper advances considerations in the light of which their analysis seems inadequate. In particular, several theorems are proved with roughly the following content: between almost any theory and almost any singular sentence, certain relations of explainability hold
An overview of Markov chain methods for the study of stage-sequential developmental processes
This article presents an overview of quantitative methodologies for the study of stage-sequential development based on extensions of Markov chain modeling. Four methods are presented that exemplify the flexibility of this approach: the manifest Markov model, the latent Markov model, latent transition analysis, and the mixture latent Markov model. A special case of the mixture latent Markov model, the so-called mover-stayer model, is used in this …
The career life of academics: Boundaried or boundaryless
The existence of tenure exerts opposing forces on the careers of academics. Ideally, tenure ensures academic freedom and individual autonomy. Yet tenure also regiments the lives of those on the tenure-track and often creates inertia for individuals once receiving it. Consequently, academic careers can be characterized as either boundaried or boundaryless, depending on the individual. This article develops a typology of four academic career types …
The Superorganic: Science or Metaphysics?1
Decoding the Brain: Neural Representation and the Limits of Multivariate Pattern Analysis in Cognitive Neuroscience
Since its introduction, multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), or 'neural decoding', has transformed the field of cognitive neuroscience. Underlying its influence is a crucial inference, which we call the decoder's dictum: if information can be decoded from patterns of neural activity, then this provides strong evidence about what information those patterns represent. Although the dictum is a widely held and well-motivated principle in decoding re…
Four studies of crisis in parents of prematures
Theory in Anthropology: A Sourcebook
Explanation Revisited
In ‘Hempel and Oppenheim on Explanation’, (see preceding article) Eberle, Kaplan, and Montague criticize the analysis of explanation offered by Hempel and Oppenheim in their ‘Studies in the Logic of Explanation’. These criticisms are shown to be related to the fact that Hempel and Oppenheim's analysis fails to satisfy simultaneously three newly proposed criteria of adequacy for any analysis of explanation. A new analysis is proposed which satisfi…
Scientific Nomadism and the New Geopolitics of Knowledge
The Formal-Substantive Controversy in Economic Anthropology: Reflections on Its Wider Implications
The Relationship Between Acculturation and Mental Health of Arab Americans
This study investigated the relationship between mental health and the degree of acculturation among Arab Americans. Subjects were adults of Arab or Chaldean descent who took part in the 2003 Detroit Arab American Study (DAAS). Data from 1,016 Arab American families revealed that the relationship between acculturation and mental health is complex and influenced by a number of other variables. There was significant evidence that besides demographi…
Current Trends in Practicum Supervision Research
This article presents a conceptual framework and explores the results and implications of practicum research published from 1975-1982. Forty-two studies were found pertaining directly to practicum supervision and were divided into two categories: maximizing effectiveness of the practicum experience and specific techniques in practicum supervision. Overall, practicum supervision was found to be a worthwhile and beneficial experience and a necessar…
The Anthropology of Authenticity: Everyman His Own Anthropologist
Anthropology, the contributors to the recent volume Reinventing Anthropology tell us, is suffering from severe hardening of the intellectual arteries. In order for it to be revitalized, they say, the discipline must be de-professionalized and de-institutionalized, made more personal and existential. This involves a rejection of the pose of "objectivity" and "value-free" inquiry and an open admission of the inherently ideological nature of the dis…
The Idea of Social Science and Its Enemies: A Rejoinder
Some Critical Observations on Scholte's Critical Anthropology
Family mediation of stress
Coping with the stress imposed by a severe illness is more than an individual function. The role of the family is vital and can make the difference between effective and ineffective coping
New Concepts in the 2014 ACA Code of Ethics
The 2014 revision of the ACA Code of Ethics (American Counseling Association [ACA], ) substantially raises the bar for the ethical practice of professional counselors. This article provides interviews with members of the ACA Ethics Revision Task Force that explore and clarify new imperatives in the areas of ethical decision making, professional values, managing and maintaining boundaries, technology (including social media), the nonimposition of …
New tools for the spatial management of living marine resources
A formulation for interpersonal anger
Maternal reactions to premature birth viewed as an acute emotional disorder
Hempel and Oppenheim on Explanation
Hempel and Oppenheim, in their paper ‘The Logic of Explanation’, have offered an analysis of the notion of scientific explanation. The present paper advances considerations in the light of which their analysis seems inadequate. In particular, several theorems are proved with roughly the following content: between almost any theory and almost any singular sentence, certain relations of explainability hold
Explanation Revisited
In ‘Hempel and Oppenheim on Explanation’, (see preceding article) Eberle, Kaplan, and Montague criticize the analysis of explanation offered by Hempel and Oppenheim in their ‘Studies in the Logic of Explanation’. These criticisms are shown to be related to the fact that Hempel and Oppenheim's analysis fails to satisfy simultaneously three newly proposed criteria of adequacy for any analysis of explanation. A new analysis is proposed which satisfi…
Study and treatment of an acute emotional disorder
Psychiatric nosology, unlike somatic nosology, is essentially a classification of chronic disorders. Recent evidence suggests the existence of acute emotional disorders in which individual outcome depends on both the situational factors and personality structure. Reactions to premature birth are described as an example of an acute emotional disorder
The Superorganic: Science or Metaphysics?1
"Foster's "Image of Limited Good: An Example of Anthropological Explanation1
Continuities in Cultural Evolution. Margaret Mead
Quantifying in
The Formal-Substantive Controversy in Economic Anthropology: Reflections on Its Wider Implications
Field Trip and Feedback
Theory in Anthropology: A Sourcebook
Theory in Anthropology: A Sourcebook
An Innovative Structural Plan for Future Second Language Institutes
speech reflected real knowledge of the current issues in foreign language research. He challenged the student teachers to teach other than as they had been taught. While making note of the need for more widespread instruction in foreign languages, he posed critical questions with regard to the causes of achievement and underachievement in language classes. The conference continued with a text book display and individual sessions in each language.…
Anthropology: Some Old Themes and New Directions
The present "crisis" in anthropology has been occasioned by two sets of events in the wider society. First, there is the virtual disappearance of the primitive world which in the past provided the discipline with most of its data as well as the major inspiration for its key concepts and theoretical ideas. Second, there is the growing demand for greater anthropological involvement in and application to contemporary social problems. In brief, and i…
Peasantries in Anthropology and History [and Comments and Replies]
This paper describes three sequential stages of West European peasantry (feudal, early modern, late modern) in order to establish a basis for comparison with the peasantries currently studied by anthropologists in Third World countries (almost all of which are in the early stage of economic development and cultural modernization). The village-community peasantries of the Third World may be regarded either as varying mixtures of tribal and some st…
General and Theoretical: Marx's Theory of Alienation. ISTVÁN MÉSZÁROS
Family mediation of stress
Coping with the stress imposed by a severe illness is more than an individual function. The role of the family is vital and can make the difference between effective and ineffective coping
The Anthropology of Authenticity: Everyman His Own Anthropologist
Anthropology, the contributors to the recent volume Reinventing Anthropology tell us, is suffering from severe hardening of the intellectual arteries. In order for it to be revitalized, they say, the discipline must be de-professionalized and de-institutionalized, made more personal and existential. This involves a rejection of the pose of "objectivity" and "value-free" inquiry and an open admission of the inherently ideological nature of the dis…
The Idea of Social Science and Its Enemies: A Rejoinder
Some Critical Observations on Scholte's Critical Anthropology
Anthropology in Greek Garb1
S. C. Humphreys. Anthropology and the Greeks. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978. xi + 357 pp. $23.95, cloth. Notes Professor Robert Manners read an earlier draft of this review and offered a number of helpful suggestions. Needless to add, lapses in judgment and other scholarly misdemeanors, if such there be, are entirely my own
Current Trends in Practicum Supervision Research
This article presents a conceptual framework and explores the results and implications of practicum research published from 1975-1982. Forty-two studies were found pertaining directly to practicum supervision and were divided into two categories: maximizing effectiveness of the practicum experience and specific techniques in practicum supervision. Overall, practicum supervision was found to be a worthwhile and beneficial experience and a necessar…
Clans, Hierarchies and Social Control: An Anthropologist's Commentary on Theory Z
Commentaire de la theorie des relations sociales au sein de l'entreprise de W. G. Ouchi et de sa definition de l'organisation de type Z caracterisee par une structure de clan et un controle social interne
The Problem of Error Rate Inflation in Covariance Structure Models
This paper addresses the problem of error rate inflation when conducting a sequence of model modifications. The problem is identified as increasing the probability of a Type II error. It is argued that the most effective way of controlling the inflation of the Type II error in the covariance structure modeling context is to choose modifications that have maximum power. Further, it is argued that methodology based on expected parameter change allo…
Psychology (19 works) · Sociology (19 works) · Computer Science (16 works) · Philosophy (13 works) · Epistemology (12 works) · Political science (11 works) · Anthropology (9 works) · Law (9 works) · Mathematics (9 works) · History (8 works)