Richard Dean
Biographic Data
| ID | 3698562 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard Dean |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard |
| FAMILY NAME | Dean |
| SIGNATURE | DEAN R |
| AFFILIATIONS | American University of Beirut |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0251-924X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 37 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
The Peculiar Idea of Respect for a Capacity
Richard Dean examines the popular strategy of developing a system of moral duties based on respect for some capacity possessed by all persons. Dean argues that not only is there a deep ambiguity in the concept of a “capacity,” as either a mere potential or as a developed and stable ability or characteristic, but that several prominent moral theories based on respect for a capacity trade problematically on this ambiguity. Dean suggests that the pr…
Respect: Philosophical Essays
Teaching Styles and the Inclusion of Students with Difficulties in Regular Physical Education: Editor: Ferman Konukman
The aim of this article was to examine how to effectively incorporate students with learning and movement difficulties into mainstream physical education environments. The use of alternate teaching strategies, alongside positive reinforcement, seems to promote?participation within physical education for children with difficulties
Aramaisms: Not What They Used to Be
For approximately two centuries scholars have sought to identify “Aramaisms†in Biblical Hebrew texts and utilise their presence as evidence for a post-exilic date of composition. In this article it is demonstrated that many features which have historically been identified as Aramaisms were not stable during the transmission of the Bible, as the presence or absence of Aramaic elements varies between the Masoretic Text and the biblical Dead Sea Scr…
Humanity as an Idea, as an Ideal, and as an End in Itself
Kant emphasizes that moral philosophy must be divided into two parts, a ‘purely rational’ metaphysics of morals, and an empirical application to individuals, which Kant calls ‘moral anthropology’. But Kant gives humanity ( die Menschheit ) a prominent role even in the purely rational part of ethics – for example, one formulation of the categorical imperative is a demand to treat humanity as an end in itself. This paper argues that the only concep…
A Plausible Kantian Argument Against Moralism
There seems to be something wrong with passing moralistic judgments on others’ moral character. Immanuel Kant’s ethics provides insight into an underexplored way in which moralistic judgments are problematic, namely, that they are both a sign of fundamentally poor character in the moralistic person herself and an obstacle to that person’s own moral self-improvement. Kant’s positions on these issues provide a basically compelling argument against …
Non‐Human Animals, Humanity, and the Kingdom of Ends
A strategy developed by Thomas E. Hill Jr. — that of using the kingdom of ends as a moral constructivist device for deliberating about specific moral questions — is adopted as a further interpretive tool for moving from the basic humanity formulation to particular duties. But unlike Hill, it is emphasized that this use of the kingdom of ends presupposes that to be an end in oneself, or a deliberator in the kingdom of ends, one must be committed t…
Kantian Value, Beneficence, and Consequentialism
In order to properly understand the duties that Kant thinks follow from the humanity formulation, it is important to keep Kant’s conception of value firmly in mind. If one fails to take account of Kant’s idea that choice is conceptually prior to claims about value, then it is easy to arrive at exaggerated conclusions about the duties that we have toward others. It is argued that this kind of mistake is the source of some commentators’ claims that…
What Should we Treat as an End in Itself?
This chapter first explains that Kant defines a good will as the will of a being who is committed to moral principles, or committed to regulating her power of choice (Willkür) with the principles legislated by her Wille. It then surveys the divergent views that prominent commentators have offered of what should be treated as an end in itself. Other commentators have generally identified the end in itself as some more minimal form of rational natu…
How Duties Follow from the Categorical Imperative
Kant recognizes that even if one accepts the humanity formulation as a basic moral principle, there is a further task of applying the principle to derive more specific categories of duties. Kant refers to the more complete system of duties as a ‘metaphysics of morals’. It is argued that the key concept in moving from the basic moral principle to a set of duties is the concept of Achtung, or respect for moral law and for persons who act on moral l…
Autonomy as an End in Itself?
The idea that autonomy is the end in itself deserves more careful examination, since it captures an idea that many readers of Kant find intuitively appealing about the central importance of freedom in Kant’s overall philosophical system. Paul Guyer has defended the idea that the value of freedom is actually the foundation of Kant’s moral philosophy, and other commentators have pointed out texts in which Kant seems to identify the more specificall…
Is the Good Will Reading Just Too Hard to Swallow?
Despite the evidence for the good will reading of the humanity formulation, many readers will find it unpalatable. It may seem that if good will is the end in itself, then the humanity formulation allows the abuse of many humans who are insufficiently committed to morality. But Kant’s own account of a complete system of duties, or a metaphysics of morals, implies that all typical humans must be treated as if they are ends in themselves, even if s…
The Textual Dispute, and Arguments in Favour of Minimal Readings
Commentators more or less universally agree that the ‘humanity’ that must be treated as an end in itself is not literally membership in the human species, but rather some minimal form of ‘rational nature’ possessed by all typical adult humans. But there is more disagreement than is generally recognized about exactly what aspect of rational nature qualifies someone as an end in herself. Although Kant’s texts are not perfectly consistent, the most …
Some Big Pictures
This chapter makes three large-scale points about the positions developed in the book. First, it explains that taking good will as an end in itself is consistent with Jerome Schneewind’s emphasis on the historical context of Kant’s revolutionary moral insights. In particular, Kant’s opposition to voluntarism or divine command theory fits with the good will reading. The second point is that of all the possible readings of the humanity formulation,…
The Argument for the Humanity Formula
It is no easy task to decipher Kant’s argument for accepting the humanity formulation as a fundamental principle of morality (often called his ‘derivation’ of the humanity formulation). The argument may be viewed as having two steps. The first step, establishing that each rational agent has reason to treat her own rational nature in certain ways, is justified because one’s own rational nature is the necessary condition of the value of any other e…
Would Kant Say we should Respect Autonomy?
The principle of respect for autonomy that is employed in medical ethics and other branches of applied ethics is widely taken to be a roughly Kantian principle, but there actually is no close connection between this currently influential principle and Kant’s ethics. Kant’s conception of autonomy differs from the conception prevalent in medical ethics, not only in its details but also in its fundamental role in moral theory. The principle of treat…
The Good Will Reading Meshes With Major Ideas of Kant's Ethics
This chapter argues that reading ‘humanity’ in the humanity formulation as good will provides the best fit between the humanity formulation and other major themes of Kant’s ethics. An analysis of Kant’s most significant claims about value in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals shows that good will and humanity are equivalent. Since all of Kant’s claims about value must be read in light of his position that value is just a way to describe the …
The Value of Humanity in Kant's Moral Theory
The humanity formulation of Kant’s Categorical Imperative demands that we treat humanity as an end in itself. Because this principle resonates with currently influential ideals of human rights and dignity, contemporary readers often find it compelling, even if the rest of Kant’s moral philosophy leaves them cold. Moreover, some prominent specialists in Kant’s ethics recently have turned to the humanity formulation as the most theoretically centra…
Cummiskey's Kantian Consequentialism
In Kantian Consequentialism , David Cummiskey argues that the central ideas of Kant's moral philosophy provide claims about value which, if applied consistently, lead to consequentialist normative principles. While Kant himself was not a consequentialist, Cummiskey thinks he should have been, given his fundamental positions in ethics. I argue that Cummiskey is mistaken. Cummiskey's argument relies on a non-Kantian idea about value, namely that va…
A Defence Of Constrained Maximization
David Gauthier a soutenu que, contrairement à ce que nous dit la thérie économique standard de la rationalité, il est parfois rationnel pour un agent de choisir des actions qui ne maximisent pas son utilité attendue. Certaines objections à l'argumentation de Gauthier sont devenues familières et plusieurs commentateurs pensent qu'elles montrent de manière concluante que la stratégic de base de cette argumentation échoue. Dans cet article, je propo…
What Should We Treat as an End in Itself
One formulation of the Categorical Imperative tells us to treat humanity as an end in itself. It has become common to think that ‘humanity’ ( die Menschheit ) here refers to some minimal power of rationality that is necessarily possessed by any rational agent, but I argue that this common reading is misguided. Instead, ‘humanity’ refers to a good will, the will of a being who is committed to moral principles. This good will reading of ‘humanity’ …
The Yorkshire and Humberside Planning Region: An Atlas of Population Change 1951-66
The Yorkshire and Humberside Planning Region: An Atlas of Population Change 1951-1966
The Value of Humanity in Kant's Moral Theory
The humanity formulation of Kant’s Categorical Imperative demands that we treat humanity as an end in itself. Because this principle resonates with currently influential ideals of human rights and dignity, contemporary readers often find it compelling, even if the rest of Kant’s moral philosophy leaves them cold. Moreover, some prominent specialists in Kant’s ethics recently have turned to the humanity formulation as the most theoretically centra…
What Should We Treat as an End in Itself
One formulation of the Categorical Imperative tells us to treat humanity as an end in itself. It has become common to think that ‘humanity’ ( die Menschheit ) here refers to some minimal power of rationality that is necessarily possessed by any rational agent, but I argue that this common reading is misguided. Instead, ‘humanity’ refers to a good will, the will of a being who is committed to moral principles. This good will reading of ‘humanity’ …
Cummiskey's Kantian Consequentialism
In Kantian Consequentialism , David Cummiskey argues that the central ideas of Kant's moral philosophy provide claims about value which, if applied consistently, lead to consequentialist normative principles. While Kant himself was not a consequentialist, Cummiskey thinks he should have been, given his fundamental positions in ethics. I argue that Cummiskey is mistaken. Cummiskey's argument relies on a non-Kantian idea about value, namely that va…
The Yorkshire and Humberside Planning Region: An Atlas of Population Change 1951-1966
The Yorkshire and Humberside Planning Region: An Atlas of Population Change 1951-66
What Should We Treat as an End in Itself
One formulation of the Categorical Imperative tells us to treat humanity as an end in itself. It has become common to think that ‘humanity’ ( die Menschheit ) here refers to some minimal power of rationality that is necessarily possessed by any rational agent, but I argue that this common reading is misguided. Instead, ‘humanity’ refers to a good will, the will of a being who is committed to moral principles. This good will reading of ‘humanity’ …
A Defence Of Constrained Maximization
David Gauthier a soutenu que, contrairement à ce que nous dit la thérie économique standard de la rationalité, il est parfois rationnel pour un agent de choisir des actions qui ne maximisent pas son utilité attendue. Certaines objections à l'argumentation de Gauthier sont devenues familières et plusieurs commentateurs pensent qu'elles montrent de manière concluante que la stratégic de base de cette argumentation échoue. Dans cet article, je propo…
Cummiskey's Kantian Consequentialism
In Kantian Consequentialism , David Cummiskey argues that the central ideas of Kant's moral philosophy provide claims about value which, if applied consistently, lead to consequentialist normative principles. While Kant himself was not a consequentialist, Cummiskey thinks he should have been, given his fundamental positions in ethics. I argue that Cummiskey is mistaken. Cummiskey's argument relies on a non-Kantian idea about value, namely that va…
Non‐Human Animals, Humanity, and the Kingdom of Ends
A strategy developed by Thomas E. Hill Jr. — that of using the kingdom of ends as a moral constructivist device for deliberating about specific moral questions — is adopted as a further interpretive tool for moving from the basic humanity formulation to particular duties. But unlike Hill, it is emphasized that this use of the kingdom of ends presupposes that to be an end in oneself, or a deliberator in the kingdom of ends, one must be committed t…
Kantian Value, Beneficence, and Consequentialism
In order to properly understand the duties that Kant thinks follow from the humanity formulation, it is important to keep Kant’s conception of value firmly in mind. If one fails to take account of Kant’s idea that choice is conceptually prior to claims about value, then it is easy to arrive at exaggerated conclusions about the duties that we have toward others. It is argued that this kind of mistake is the source of some commentators’ claims that…
What Should we Treat as an End in Itself?
This chapter first explains that Kant defines a good will as the will of a being who is committed to moral principles, or committed to regulating her power of choice (Willkür) with the principles legislated by her Wille. It then surveys the divergent views that prominent commentators have offered of what should be treated as an end in itself. Other commentators have generally identified the end in itself as some more minimal form of rational natu…
How Duties Follow from the Categorical Imperative
Kant recognizes that even if one accepts the humanity formulation as a basic moral principle, there is a further task of applying the principle to derive more specific categories of duties. Kant refers to the more complete system of duties as a ‘metaphysics of morals’. It is argued that the key concept in moving from the basic moral principle to a set of duties is the concept of Achtung, or respect for moral law and for persons who act on moral l…
Autonomy as an End in Itself?
The idea that autonomy is the end in itself deserves more careful examination, since it captures an idea that many readers of Kant find intuitively appealing about the central importance of freedom in Kant’s overall philosophical system. Paul Guyer has defended the idea that the value of freedom is actually the foundation of Kant’s moral philosophy, and other commentators have pointed out texts in which Kant seems to identify the more specificall…
Is the Good Will Reading Just Too Hard to Swallow?
Despite the evidence for the good will reading of the humanity formulation, many readers will find it unpalatable. It may seem that if good will is the end in itself, then the humanity formulation allows the abuse of many humans who are insufficiently committed to morality. But Kant’s own account of a complete system of duties, or a metaphysics of morals, implies that all typical humans must be treated as if they are ends in themselves, even if s…
The Textual Dispute, and Arguments in Favour of Minimal Readings
Commentators more or less universally agree that the ‘humanity’ that must be treated as an end in itself is not literally membership in the human species, but rather some minimal form of ‘rational nature’ possessed by all typical adult humans. But there is more disagreement than is generally recognized about exactly what aspect of rational nature qualifies someone as an end in herself. Although Kant’s texts are not perfectly consistent, the most …
Some Big Pictures
This chapter makes three large-scale points about the positions developed in the book. First, it explains that taking good will as an end in itself is consistent with Jerome Schneewind’s emphasis on the historical context of Kant’s revolutionary moral insights. In particular, Kant’s opposition to voluntarism or divine command theory fits with the good will reading. The second point is that of all the possible readings of the humanity formulation,…
The Argument for the Humanity Formula
It is no easy task to decipher Kant’s argument for accepting the humanity formulation as a fundamental principle of morality (often called his ‘derivation’ of the humanity formulation). The argument may be viewed as having two steps. The first step, establishing that each rational agent has reason to treat her own rational nature in certain ways, is justified because one’s own rational nature is the necessary condition of the value of any other e…
Would Kant Say we should Respect Autonomy?
The principle of respect for autonomy that is employed in medical ethics and other branches of applied ethics is widely taken to be a roughly Kantian principle, but there actually is no close connection between this currently influential principle and Kant’s ethics. Kant’s conception of autonomy differs from the conception prevalent in medical ethics, not only in its details but also in its fundamental role in moral theory. The principle of treat…
The Good Will Reading Meshes With Major Ideas of Kant's Ethics
This chapter argues that reading ‘humanity’ in the humanity formulation as good will provides the best fit between the humanity formulation and other major themes of Kant’s ethics. An analysis of Kant’s most significant claims about value in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals shows that good will and humanity are equivalent. Since all of Kant’s claims about value must be read in light of his position that value is just a way to describe the …
The Value of Humanity in Kant's Moral Theory
The humanity formulation of Kant’s Categorical Imperative demands that we treat humanity as an end in itself. Because this principle resonates with currently influential ideals of human rights and dignity, contemporary readers often find it compelling, even if the rest of Kant’s moral philosophy leaves them cold. Moreover, some prominent specialists in Kant’s ethics recently have turned to the humanity formulation as the most theoretically centra…
A Plausible Kantian Argument Against Moralism
There seems to be something wrong with passing moralistic judgments on others’ moral character. Immanuel Kant’s ethics provides insight into an underexplored way in which moralistic judgments are problematic, namely, that they are both a sign of fundamentally poor character in the moralistic person herself and an obstacle to that person’s own moral self-improvement. Kant’s positions on these issues provide a basically compelling argument against …
Humanity as an Idea, as an Ideal, and as an End in Itself
Kant emphasizes that moral philosophy must be divided into two parts, a ‘purely rational’ metaphysics of morals, and an empirical application to individuals, which Kant calls ‘moral anthropology’. But Kant gives humanity ( die Menschheit ) a prominent role even in the purely rational part of ethics – for example, one formulation of the categorical imperative is a demand to treat humanity as an end in itself. This paper argues that the only concep…
Aramaisms: Not What They Used to Be
For approximately two centuries scholars have sought to identify “Aramaisms†in Biblical Hebrew texts and utilise their presence as evidence for a post-exilic date of composition. In this article it is demonstrated that many features which have historically been identified as Aramaisms were not stable during the transmission of the Bible, as the presence or absence of Aramaic elements varies between the Masoretic Text and the biblical Dead Sea Scr…
Teaching Styles and the Inclusion of Students with Difficulties in Regular Physical Education: Editor: Ferman Konukman
The aim of this article was to examine how to effectively incorporate students with learning and movement difficulties into mainstream physical education environments. The use of alternate teaching strategies, alongside positive reinforcement, seems to promote?participation within physical education for children with difficulties
The Peculiar Idea of Respect for a Capacity
Richard Dean examines the popular strategy of developing a system of moral duties based on respect for some capacity possessed by all persons. Dean argues that not only is there a deep ambiguity in the concept of a “capacity,” as either a mere potential or as a developed and stable ability or characteristic, but that several prominent moral theories based on respect for a capacity trade problematically on this ambiguity. Dean suggests that the pr…
Respect: Philosophical Essays
Epistemology (16 works) · Philosophy (16 works) · Philosophical Ethics and Theory (15 works) · War, Ethics, and Justification (12 works) · Political science (11 works) · Morality (10 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Free Will and Agency (9 works) · Humanity (9 works) · Law (9 works)