Hung Wong
Biographic Data
| ID | 3700943 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Hung Wong |
| GIVEN NAMES | Hung |
| FAMILY NAME | Wong |
| SIGNATURE | WONG H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8326-9766 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 53 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 204 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 53 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Double conscientization
Chinese women workers have often been perceived as disempowered due to class and gender inequality, and this action research aims to elucidate their empowerment process. Conducted over five months in Shenzhen, China, the study involved social workers and a group of migrant women workers. During the initial community education project on reproductive health, women workers effectively raised awareness of gender issues, strongly fostering personal a…
Trends and dynamics of homelessness in Hong Kong
This study examines trends in homelessness in Hong Kong, comparing data from surveys conducted in 2015 and 2021. The research aims to identify trends and contributing factors, explore context-specific factors, analyze the relationship between housing, employment, and homelessness, and determine factors influencing its duration. Data from the H.O.P.E. Hong Kong 2015 and Hong Kong Homeless Census 2021 surveys were analyzed, encompassing demographic…
Determinants of food insecurity in homeless people
Objective: With the re-emerging homelessness issue in Hong Kong, given its least affordable housing, securing food to meet the basic physiological needs is of priority concern for the homeless. This study aims to examine the situation and determinants of food insecurity among the homeless in Hong Kong. Design: Cross-sectional survey on food insecurity level, socio-demographic characteristics, homeless experiences and health status and behaviours.…
Exploring the Consensual Income Approach to Measuring Poverty with an Application to Hong Kong
Income-based poverty measures have been criticised for being narrowly focused on income and lacking consistency with community expectations and experience. The consensual income approach produces a poverty line that draws on community perceptions of how much is needed to avoid poverty (or make ends meet). Perceptions vary widely, although it is possible to estimate the income level at which people would say on average, that their current income i…
Online learning problems, academic worries, social interaction, and psychological well-being among secondary school students in Hong Kong during the Covid-19 pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous schools halted face-to-face teaching and instead resorted to online classes. The impact of online learning on students’ academic worries, social relationships, and psychological well-being has received growing attention. Based on a sample of 1095 students aged 14–16 in 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong, structural equation modeling was used to investigate the association between online learning problems, aca…
Measurement and determinants of multidimensional poverty
Multidimensional poverty in urban cities has received growing attention. In this study, the Alkire-Foster method was applied to examine multidimensional poverty in Hong Kong using a random sample of 1,476 Hong Kong adults in a cross-sectional population study undertaken in 2016–2017. Multidimensional poverty was measured on seven dimensions: education, health, mental health, housing, employment, social network, and subjective poverty. The adjuste…
Socioeconomic inequality in the worsening of psychosocial wellbeing via disrupted social conditions during Covid-19 among adolescents in Hong Kong
Background: Adolescents, especially the socioeconomically disadvantaged, are facing devastating psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during their critical developmental period. This study aims to (i) examine the socioeconomic patterning of the worsening of psychosocial wellbeing, (ii) delineate the underlying mediating factors (i.e., overall worry about COVID-19, family's financial difficulty, learning problems, and loneliness), and (iii)…
The mediating role of individual-level social capital among worries, mental health and subjective well-being among adults in Hong Kong during the Covid-19 pandemic
Determinants of depression and anxiety in homeless people
BACKGROUND: There are growing concerns about the homeless and mental health issues globally. This study aims to examine the mental health situation of homelessness and the determinants of anxiety and depression of them in Hong Kong. METHOD: The data from the largest territory-wide study of the homeless population in 2021 was analyzed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to investigate the association between mental health an…
Experience of South and Southeast Asian minority women in Hong Kong during Covid-19 pandemic
Even when COVID-19 incidence rate is relatively low in Hong Kong, the pandemic made life even more challenging for SAs and SEAs, which is a community already struggling with language barriers, financial woes, and discrimination. This in turn could have led to greater health inequalities. Government and civil organizations should take the social determinants of health inequalities into account when implementing COVID-19-related public health polic…
When means‐testing meets work‐testing
While there is a growing body of literature on the lived experiences of people in poverty, their interaction with the welfare delivery system at different levels is still under‐theorised. This article presents a multi‐level institutional framework to qualitatively study the low‐income families' experiences in claiming in‐work benefits (IWBs). Considering the Low‐income Working Family Allowance (LIFA) in Hong Kong as an extreme case of IWB's resid…
Impact of multi-dimensional precarity on rough sleeping
The impact of trust in government on pandemic management on the compliance with voluntary Covid-19 vaccination policy among adolescents after social unrest in Hong Kong
Background: The launch of COVID-19 vaccines among students provides an opportunity to re-open schools safely. Nonetheless, under the voluntary vaccination policy, the lack of trust in government since the unprecedented massive social unrest in Hong Kong may hinder the vaccination progress. This study aims to assess the impact of trust in government regarding pandemic management on the willingness, uptake, and intention of COVID-19 vaccination amo…
Inequalities in Psychiatric Morbidity in Hong Kong and Strategies for Mitigation
This study explores the social gradient of psychiatric morbidity. The Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey (HKMMS), consisting of 5719 Chinese adults aged 16 to 75 years, was used. The Chinese version of the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) was employed for psychiatric assessment of common mental disorders (CMD). People with a less advantaged socioeconomic position (lower education, lower household income, unemployment, small living area …
Why do Social Workers Leave? A Moderated Mediation of Professionalism, Job Satisfaction, and Managerialism
Turnover has been a serious concern to social service organizations. A lack of committed social workers is a risk to organizational performance and service quality. Therefore, it is vital to better understand the leaving process of social work practitioners. The study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of job satisfaction between employees' professionalism and turnover intention and the moderating role of the pe…
Public Rental Housing and Obesogenic Behaviors among Adults in Hong Kong
Public rental housing (PRH) for low-income families has been shown in several studies to be associated with poor health status and obesity. However, the causes of this health disparity are controversial, and the associations and pathways between PRH and obesogenic behaviors remain unknown. Using cross-sectional survey data of 1977 adults living in Hong Kong (aged or over 18) together with multi-source GIS-based environmental data, we examined the…
Differential Impacts of Multimorbidity on Covid-19 Severity across the Socioeconomic Ladder in Hong Kong
The severity of COVID-19 infections could be exacerbated by the epidemic of chronic diseases and underlying inequalities in social determinants of health. Nonetheless, there is scanty evidence in regions with a relatively well-controlled outbreak. This study examined the socioeconomic patterning of COVID-19 severity and its effect modification with multimorbidity in Hong Kong. 3074 local COVID-19 cases diagnosed from 5 July to 31 October 2020 wer…
Child Deprivation as a Mediator of the Relationships between Family Poverty, Bullying Victimization, and Psychological Distress
Covid-19 related health inequality exists even in a city where disease incidence is relatively low
BACKGROUND: We examined whether COVID-19 could exert inequalities in socioeconomic conditions and health in Hong Kong, where there has been a relatively low COVID-19 incidence. METHODS: 752 adult respondents from a previous random sample participated in a telephone survey from 20 April to 11 May 2020. We examined demographic and socioeconomic factors, worry of COVID-19, general health, economic activity, and personal protective equipment (PPE) an…
Deprivation is associated with anxiety and stress. A population-based longitudinal household survey among Chinese adults in Hong Kong
Background Mental illness is a major disease burden in the world and disproportionately affects the socially disadvantaged, but studies on the longitudinal association of poverty with anxiety and stress are rare, especially in Asia. Using data from Hong Kong, we aimed to (1) assess the cross-sectional association of poverty with anxiety and stress at baseline, and (2) to examine whether baseline poverty and change in poverty status over time are …
Perceived poverty and health, and their roles in the poverty-health vicious cycle
The poverty-health vicious cycle has remained a great challenge in Hong Kong despite its economic prosperity. To break the cycle, potential policy directions include the adoption of proportionate universalism, social integration and the strengthening of medical-social collaboration
Impacts of poverty stigma on negative affect among welfare recipients
Using two random sampling surveys from Mainland China and Hong Kong SAR, this study aims to compare the poverty stigma, perceived living standards and subjective well-being of welfare and non-welfare recipients in the two regions. The results show that means-tested welfare recipients generally experience high levels of stigma and negative affect. Path analysis models reveal that the direct impact of such stigma on negative affect is significant i…
Association of living density with anxiety and stress
This study aims to enrich the comprehension of the effect of living density on anxiety and stress among adults in a global city. A random sample of 1,978 Hong Kong adults was interviewed in a cross-sectional population study in 2014-2015. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to investigate the association between housing variables and mental health indicators, namely, anxiety and stress. Logistic regression analysis results h…
Housing affordability effects on physical and mental health
Housing affordability affects physical and mental health, partially through deprivation, suggesting that housing policies targeting deprived individuals may help reduce health inequality in addition to targeting the housing affordability problem
Impact of Income, Deprivation and Social Exclusion on Subjective Poverty
Social Polarisation and Poverty in the Global City
Unlike the poverty in the developing world which is more likely associated with undevelopment or underdevelopment of industrial capitalism, the new poverty in advanced cities is induced by the development of a new phase of capitalism that goes beyond industrial capitalism and emphasises the role of knowledge, information, global networks and global finance for capital accumulation and profit generation. This new phase of capitalism represents a t…
Ah Cha'! The Racial Discrimination of Pakistani Minority Communities in Hong Kong
Racial discrimination towards minority ethnic (ME) groups in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) is argued to be endemic. This paper considers research studies focusing on this issue as extended to the Pakistani community, which appear to constitute in part a general xenophobia towards certain ME groups. In addition, the authors contribute findings from an ethnographic study of low-income Pakistani families in Hong Kong, offering narr…
Impacts of Sense of Community and Satisfaction with Governmental Recovery on Psychological Status of the Wenchuan Earthquake Survivors
Impact of Income, Deprivation and Social Exclusion on Subjective Poverty
Deprivation and Poverty in H ong K ong
Despite high and rising real incomes, the poverty rate in H ong K ong remains a cause of community concern. The government has been reluctant to set a poverty line, although the recently (re‐)established Commission on Poverty has recommended that a poverty line for H ong K ong is developed. Against this background, this article reports results derived from a new deprivation study designed to shed new light on the living standards of the poorest i…
An Unfinished Reflexive Journey
The fieldwork placement is recognized as one of the major components of social work education and a major determinant of its quality. A key aspect of the learning process in the fieldwork placement is the exposition of practice encounters to the students’ critical reflection. Given the importance of the process of ‘reflection’ or ‘reflective learning’, a qualitative study based on the reflective logs of social work students was conducted to explo…
Marginalized Workers in Postindustrial Hong Kong
(2004). Marginalized Workers in Postindustrial Hong Kong. Journal of Comparative Asian Development: Vol. 3, Globalization, Gendered Poverty, and Women's Health in Asia, pp. 249-280
Housing affordability effects on physical and mental health
Housing affordability affects physical and mental health, partially through deprivation, suggesting that housing policies targeting deprived individuals may help reduce health inequality in addition to targeting the housing affordability problem
Impacts of poverty stigma on negative affect among welfare recipients
Using two random sampling surveys from Mainland China and Hong Kong SAR, this study aims to compare the poverty stigma, perceived living standards and subjective well-being of welfare and non-welfare recipients in the two regions. The results show that means-tested welfare recipients generally experience high levels of stigma and negative affect. Path analysis models reveal that the direct impact of such stigma on negative affect is significant i…
Quality of Life of Poor People Living in Remote Areas in Hong Kong
Living environment and quality of life in Hong Kong
Population growth and urbanization have resulted in the emergence of mega cities in recent decades. While compact urban fabrics and high residential density imply intensive interactions between man and environment, the living environment may be one of the most important factors affecting quality of life (QOL) of city dwellers. With this in mind, this paper seeks to understand the manners in which the residents relate themselves to the places they…
Association of living density with anxiety and stress
This study aims to enrich the comprehension of the effect of living density on anxiety and stress among adults in a global city. A random sample of 1,978 Hong Kong adults was interviewed in a cross-sectional population study in 2014-2015. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to investigate the association between housing variables and mental health indicators, namely, anxiety and stress. Logistic regression analysis results h…
Challenges of social workers' involvement in the recovery of the 5.12 W enchuan E arthquake in C hina
This article explores the challenges of social workers' involvement in recovery work of the 5.12 W enchuan E arthquake (12 M ay 2008). Six social workers working in three social work stations in S ichuan, C hina, were asked to report the challenges they faced in working with disaster survivors. Findings reveal that the social workers faced many challenges. These include lack of government support, low professional status of social work, rapid cha…
Effects of social group work with survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in a transitional community
This research examined the effects of group work with survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. The two groups studied were organised by social workers in a transitional community. One group was composed of older people and the other of women. The research adopted qualitative research methods. Data were collected by focus group meetings and in-depth individual interviews. The 24 research participants were mainly asked to describe their lives before a…
The Quality of Life of Hong Kong's Poor Households in the 1990s
Measurement and determinants of multidimensional poverty
Multidimensional poverty in urban cities has received growing attention. In this study, the Alkire-Foster method was applied to examine multidimensional poverty in Hong Kong using a random sample of 1,476 Hong Kong adults in a cross-sectional population study undertaken in 2016–2017. Multidimensional poverty was measured on seven dimensions: education, health, mental health, housing, employment, social network, and subjective poverty. The adjuste…
The impacts of housing factors on deprivation in a world city
Hong Kong is a typical example of a world city that faces escalating poverty and housing problems. Problems related to housing are crucial in determining deprivation. By means of hierarchical linear regression on a representative survey of Hong Kong residents in 2014, this study examines the impacts of household income and housing factors on the deprivation of residents in Hong Kong. The study indicates that income level has a crucial effect on t…
Signposting disadvantage – social exclusion in Hong Kong
Concern over high and persistent levels of poverty and inequality have focused attention on the broader issue of social disadvantage in Hong Kong. The social exclusion framework provides a new perspective that shifts the focus away from purely economic causes to the social processes that prevent people from participating, although conceptual and definitional ambiguities present conceptual and practical challenges to empirical research on exclusio…
Barriers Militating Against the Social Inclusion of Low-Income Pakistani Minority Groups in Hong Kong
Research findings from an ethnographic study into low-income Pakistani families in Hong Kong indicate the existence of significant barriers in society militating against social inclusion. Racial discrimination contributes to marginalization, reducing life opportunities. Identified problems include educational, linguistic, and employment issues. These factors lead to social exclusion and weakened social capital
Community Reactions to the Sars Crisis in Hong Kong
This paper is based on an analysis of the calls to a time-limited hotline specifically set up in response to the SARS crisis in Hong Kong in 2003. The findings of the study indicate that the arena and level of concern raised by the hotline callers are associated with the situation of the callers and the developmental phase of the disaster. The authors call for welfare service organizations to adopt a differential service focus for different phase…
Child Deprivation as a Mediator of the Relationships between Family Poverty, Bullying Victimization, and Psychological Distress
Statutory minimum wage in Hong Kong
This paper presents a study on family impact analysis of the Statutory Minimum Wage (SMW) in Hong Kong. Qualitative data were collected from seven focus groups and 13 individual interviews conducted with low-wage employees, parents of teenage workers, and parents of employees with disabilities. The 3D7L model of influence was adopted as the conceptual framework. The study found that SMW provided the participating employees with a wage floor and o…
An Anti-Oppression (AO) Framework for Child Welfare in Ontario, Canada
This article presents the development and potential use of a method of bringing systemic change to a mandated institution such as the Children's Aid Society in Ontario, Canada, while taking into account the many challenges to realising progressive change in child welfare practice. The authors explore whether systemic change is possible given contemporary child welfare's manifold standardised procedures, including risk and safety assessment and le…
Associations between economic loss, financial strain and the psychological status of Wenchuan earthquake survivors
This study examines the effects of economic loss on the life satisfaction and mental health of Wenchuan earthquake survivors. Economic loss is measured by earthquake impacts on the income and houses of the survivors. The correlation analysis shows that earthquake impact on income is significantly correlated with life satisfaction and depression. The regression analyses indicate that earthquake impact on income is indirectly associated with life s…
The Failure of Social Security in Alleviating Poverty in Hong Kong
This paper reviews results of different researches on Hong Kong's poverty problem in the 1990s and suggests the level of benefit of the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance Scheme (CSSA) is not adequate to raise the poor out of poverty but creates and maintains a poverty trap for the recipients. The paper argues that the residual approach of the government's welfare philosophy is a failure rather than a success in fighting against poverty
The Failure of Social Security in Alleviating Poverty in Hong Kong
This paper reviews results of different researches on Hong Kong's poverty problem in the 1990s and suggests the level of benefit of the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance Scheme (CSSA) is not adequate to raise the poor out of poverty but creates and maintains a poverty trap for the recipients. The paper argues that the residual approach of the government's welfare philosophy is a failure rather than a success in fighting against poverty
Marginalized Workers in Postindustrial Hong Kong
(2004). Marginalized Workers in Postindustrial Hong Kong. Journal of Comparative Asian Development: Vol. 3, Globalization, Gendered Poverty, and Women's Health in Asia, pp. 249-280
The Quality of Life of Hong Kong's Poor Households in the 1990s
An Unfinished Reflexive Journey
The fieldwork placement is recognized as one of the major components of social work education and a major determinant of its quality. A key aspect of the learning process in the fieldwork placement is the exposition of practice encounters to the students’ critical reflection. Given the importance of the process of ‘reflection’ or ‘reflective learning’, a qualitative study based on the reflective logs of social work students was conducted to explo…
Community Reactions to the Sars Crisis in Hong Kong
This paper is based on an analysis of the calls to a time-limited hotline specifically set up in response to the SARS crisis in Hong Kong in 2003. The findings of the study indicate that the arena and level of concern raised by the hotline callers are associated with the situation of the callers and the developmental phase of the disaster. The authors call for welfare service organizations to adopt a differential service focus for different phase…
The Quality of Life of Hong Kong's Poor Households in the 1990s
Social Polarisation and Poverty in the Global City
Unlike the poverty in the developing world which is more likely associated with undevelopment or underdevelopment of industrial capitalism, the new poverty in advanced cities is induced by the development of a new phase of capitalism that goes beyond industrial capitalism and emphasises the role of knowledge, information, global networks and global finance for capital accumulation and profit generation. This new phase of capitalism represents a t…
Barriers Militating Against the Social Inclusion of Low-Income Pakistani Minority Groups in Hong Kong
Research findings from an ethnographic study into low-income Pakistani families in Hong Kong indicate the existence of significant barriers in society militating against social inclusion. Racial discrimination contributes to marginalization, reducing life opportunities. Identified problems include educational, linguistic, and employment issues. These factors lead to social exclusion and weakened social capital
Quality of Life of Poor People Living in Remote Areas in Hong Kong
Challenges of social workers' involvement in the recovery of the 5.12 W enchuan E arthquake in C hina
This article explores the challenges of social workers' involvement in recovery work of the 5.12 W enchuan E arthquake (12 M ay 2008). Six social workers working in three social work stations in S ichuan, C hina, were asked to report the challenges they faced in working with disaster survivors. Findings reveal that the social workers faced many challenges. These include lack of government support, low professional status of social work, rapid cha…
Effects of social group work with survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in a transitional community
This research examined the effects of group work with survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. The two groups studied were organised by social workers in a transitional community. One group was composed of older people and the other of women. The research adopted qualitative research methods. Data were collected by focus group meetings and in-depth individual interviews. The 24 research participants were mainly asked to describe their lives before a…
Ah Cha'! The Racial Discrimination of Pakistani Minority Communities in Hong Kong
Racial discrimination towards minority ethnic (ME) groups in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) is argued to be endemic. This paper considers research studies focusing on this issue as extended to the Pakistani community, which appear to constitute in part a general xenophobia towards certain ME groups. In addition, the authors contribute findings from an ethnographic study of low-income Pakistani families in Hong Kong, offering narr…
Impacts of Sense of Community and Satisfaction with Governmental Recovery on Psychological Status of the Wenchuan Earthquake Survivors
Signposting disadvantage – social exclusion in Hong Kong
Concern over high and persistent levels of poverty and inequality have focused attention on the broader issue of social disadvantage in Hong Kong. The social exclusion framework provides a new perspective that shifts the focus away from purely economic causes to the social processes that prevent people from participating, although conceptual and definitional ambiguities present conceptual and practical challenges to empirical research on exclusio…
Impact of enforcing a statutory minimum wage on work and quality of life of vulnerable groups in H ong K ong
The statutory minimum wage ( SMW ) law was enforced in H ong K ong on 1 M ay 2011. To examine its impact, this longitudinal study measured the quality of life, job and pay satisfaction, monthly income, hourly rate and working hours of vulnerable groups ( n = 253) before and after the legislation. The findings confirmed that the enforcement of the SMW induced a positive impact as intended. The introduction of the SMW induced a positive wage and em…
Deprivation and Poverty in H ong K ong
Despite high and rising real incomes, the poverty rate in H ong K ong remains a cause of community concern. The government has been reluctant to set a poverty line, although the recently (re‐)established Commission on Poverty has recommended that a poverty line for H ong K ong is developed. Against this background, this article reports results derived from a new deprivation study designed to shed new light on the living standards of the poorest i…
An Anti-Oppression (AO) Framework for Child Welfare in Ontario, Canada
This article presents the development and potential use of a method of bringing systemic change to a mandated institution such as the Children's Aid Society in Ontario, Canada, while taking into account the many challenges to realising progressive change in child welfare practice. The authors explore whether systemic change is possible given contemporary child welfare's manifold standardised procedures, including risk and safety assessment and le…
Associations between economic loss, financial strain and the psychological status of Wenchuan earthquake survivors
This study examines the effects of economic loss on the life satisfaction and mental health of Wenchuan earthquake survivors. Economic loss is measured by earthquake impacts on the income and houses of the survivors. The correlation analysis shows that earthquake impact on income is significantly correlated with life satisfaction and depression. The regression analyses indicate that earthquake impact on income is indirectly associated with life s…
The reform of the medical welfare system and health equity for the elderly in China
Health equity is the basic theory of universal health insurance and the objective of reform of the medical welfare system. Based on health equity theory with the perspective of giving priority to disadvantaged groups, this article takes Zhejiang province as an example and adopts a mixed-method approach to explore the effects of the reform of the medical welfare system on health equity for older people. The structural equation model (SEM)-based no…
Statutory minimum wage in Hong Kong
This paper presents a study on family impact analysis of the Statutory Minimum Wage (SMW) in Hong Kong. Qualitative data were collected from seven focus groups and 13 individual interviews conducted with low-wage employees, parents of teenage workers, and parents of employees with disabilities. The 3D7L model of influence was adopted as the conceptual framework. The study found that SMW provided the participating employees with a wage floor and o…
Living environment and quality of life in Hong Kong
Population growth and urbanization have resulted in the emergence of mega cities in recent decades. While compact urban fabrics and high residential density imply intensive interactions between man and environment, the living environment may be one of the most important factors affecting quality of life (QOL) of city dwellers. With this in mind, this paper seeks to understand the manners in which the residents relate themselves to the places they…
Impact of Housing and Community Conditions on Multidimensional Health among Middle- and Low-Income Groups in Hong Kong
With decades of urbanization, housing and community problems (e.g., poor ventilation and lack of open public spaces) have become important social determinants of health that require increasing attention worldwide. Knowledge regarding the link between health and these problems can provide crucial evidence for building healthy communities. However, this link has heretofore not been identified in Hong Kong, and few studies have compared the health i…
Deprivation is associated with worse physical and mental health beyond income poverty
Creation of a social work practice plan
Social work practice is often criticised for lack of support of theories and research evidence. This article attempts to learn from business practice and proposes the creation of a plan as an essential part of social work practice and education to encourage the use of theories and research evidence in social work practice and to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and accountability of social work practice. Based on logic modelling, a modified …
The impacts of housing factors on deprivation in a world city
Hong Kong is a typical example of a world city that faces escalating poverty and housing problems. Problems related to housing are crucial in determining deprivation. By means of hierarchical linear regression on a representative survey of Hong Kong residents in 2014, this study examines the impacts of household income and housing factors on the deprivation of residents in Hong Kong. The study indicates that income level has a crucial effect on t…
Sociology (31 works) · Political science (30 works) · Economics (28 works) · Economic growth (27 works) · Psychology (27 works) · Medicine (24 works) · Poverty (22 works) · Geography (16 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (16 works) · Environmental health (14 works)