Xitao Fan
Biographic Data
| ID | 3743236 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Xitao Fan |
| GIVEN NAMES | Xitao |
| FAMILY NAME | Fan |
| SIGNATURE | FAN X |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Macau |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8527-2563 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 75 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 315 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 75 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
The Effect of Auditory Emotional Design in Digital Game‐Based Learning
Dyads composed of members with high prior knowledge are most conducive to digital game-based collaborative learning
The effects of dynamic and static feedback under tasks with different difficulty levels in digital game-based learning
Do males have more favorable attitudes towards digital game use than Females
Unpacking the factors related to flourishing among bilingual adults in the U.S
Using a positive psychological framework, Broaden-and-Build Theory, we investigated whether and how positive and negative emotions (affective factors) and cognitive flexibility are related to flourishing. Participants are 151 bilingual adults from diverse backgrounds enrolled in a local community college. Results showed that both positive and negative emotions and cognitive flexibility were significantly related to flourishing. More importantly, …
Linking motivation and willingness to communicate in online L3 learning context
The importance of “willingness to communicate” (WTC) in foreign language learning has been widely discussed. However, the current research on WTC mainly focuses on traditional classrooms, and there is insufficient attention to WTC in L3 online learning. This study explored the psychological process among motivation, WTC, foreign language enjoyment (FLE), foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA), and perceived positive language interaction (PPLI)…
Relationships between openness to experience, cognitive flexibility, self-esteem, and creativity among bilingual college students in the U.S
Currently, the positive role of creativity has received support and research in bilingual literature. However, the positive psychological processes that may contribute to creativity only received little attention, especially in bilingual population. This study focused on exploring the possible psychological processes among several variables: openness to experience, cognitive flexibility, self-esteem, and creativity, in bilingual population, and f…
Multiple Approaches for Assessing Within-Day Stability in Teacher-Child Interactions
Research Findings: This study employed multiple approaches to examine the stability of teacher–child interaction quality in Chinese preschools. Teacher–child interaction quality was measured using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) on five observational cycles within a school day. Several different metrics of stability were examined: (1) standard deviation; (2) correlation; (3) measurement invariance; (4) mean-level change, and (5) s…
Teacher–child Interaction and Preschoolers’ Learning Behavior in China
Research Findings: This longitudinal study examined how teacher-child interaction quality related to growth in children’s approaches to learning (ATL), measured by Competence Motivation Learning Strategies, and Attention and Persistence, in a stratified random sample of 607 Chinese children. Data on classroom teacher-child interaction quality (three domains of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System: Emotional Support, Classroom Organization, and…
Gender Differences in Life Satisfaction Among Children and Adolescents
A Comparison of Fixed-Effects and Random-Effects Models for Multivariate Meta-Analysis Using an SEM Approach
This study compared fixed-effects (FE) and random-effects (RE) models in meta-analysis for synthesizing multivariate effect sizes under the framework of structural equation modeling. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to examine the performance characteristics of the two models under different data conditions. The results indicated that, for the homogeneous case, there was little difference between the FE model and the RE model applications. …
Parent migration and rural preschool children's early academic and social skill trajectories in China
Patterns of negative emotional eating among Chinese young adults
Relationship between overeating and child abuse by family members among Chinese adolescents
Perceived parenting styles and body appreciation among Chinese adolescents
Impacts of School Racial Composition on the Mathematics and Reading Achievement Gap in Post Unitary Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools
This is a longitudinal study of the change in the academic achievement gap between African American and European American students from elementary to high schools with large administrative data from a school district in the United States. Analysis of variance between eight tracks of students defined by the school environment of isolated schools or diverse schools indicated that middle school is a critical period for closing the achievement gap an…
Teacher–child interaction quality and Chinese children’s academic and cognitive development
How accurate is the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents derived from self-reported data? A meta-analysis
Objective The aim of the current meta-analysis was to evaluate the accuracy of using BMI based on self-reported height and weight (BMI sr ) to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Design A systematic literature search was conducted to select studies that compared the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity based on BMI sr and BMI m (BMI based on measured height and weight). A random-effect model was…
Testing the ‘thresholds’ of preschool education quality on child outcomes in China
Profiles of parent and peer attachments of adolescents and associations with psychological outcomes
The associations between social skills and teacher-child relationships
Homework and students' achievement in math and science
Are structural quality indicators associated with preschool process quality in China? An exploration of threshold effects
Preschool expenditures and Chinese children’s academic performance
Chinese preschool teachers' knowledge and practice of teacher-child interactions
Comparing Response Rates from Web and Mail Surveys
This study meta-analyzes thirty-nine study results published within last ten years that directly compared Web and mail survey modes. Although considerable variation exists across the studies, the authors' findings show that mail surveys have higher response rates than Web surveys in general. Two study features (i.e., population types and follow-up reminders) are shown to contribute statistically to the variation of response rate differences betwe…
The Relationship of School Structure and Support to Suspension Rates for Black and White High School Students
This study examined the relationship between structure and support in the high school climate and suspension rates in a statewide sample of 199 schools. School climate surveys completed by 5,035 ninth grade students measured characteristics of authoritative schools, defined as highly supportive, yet highly structured with academic and behavioral expectations. Multivariate analyses showed that schools low on characteristics of an authoritative sch…
Pubertal Development, Parental Communication, and Sexual Values in Relation to Adolescent Sexual Behaviors
There is great interest in understanding adolescent sexual behavior because of its links to unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. This study's purpose was to analyze biological and social antecedents of adolescent sexual intentions and behaviors, including age, pubertal development, quality of parent/adolescent communication, and adolescent sexual values. Analyses were based on longitudinal data collected in 1991, 1992, and 199…
An Exploratory Study about Inaccuracy and Invalidity in Adolescent Self-Report Surveys
Using Add Health data, the authors provide evidence that some adolescents gave inaccurate and/or invalid responses on a self-administered questionnaire. Further analyses show that these adolescents were much more likely to report extreme levels on psychosocial and behavioral outcome variables. A distinction was made between inaccurate responders (e.g., inaccurate/false responses due to carelessness or confusion) and jokesters (e.g., intentional f…
Parent migration and rural preschool children's early academic and social skill trajectories in China
Does intensity matter? Preschoolers’ print knowledge development within a classroom-based intervention
Teacher Safety and Authoritative School Climate in High Schools
Most research on school climate focuses on student well-being, with less attention on the safety of school faculty. The current study examined the relationship between an authoritative school climate (characterized by high levels of student support and disciplinary structure) and both teacher reports of victimization and school records of threats against staff. Regression analyses in a statewide sample of 280 high schools showed that structure (a…
Chinese Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (trial) (Cecers)
Antisocial Behavior of Adoptees and Nonadoptees
This study examined the contribution of demographic characteristics, early maltreatment, and peer and family relationships during adolescence to the prediction of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior (AASB and NAASB, respectively) during young adulthood; and determined whether adoption status has additional ability to predict ASB, once background, early experience, peer, and family variables were controlled. Data from adolescent and p…
Patterns of negative emotional eating among Chinese young adults
Chinese preschool teachers' knowledge and practice of teacher-child interactions
The associations between social skills and teacher-child relationships
Early childhood education quality and child outcomes in China
Who Is Adopted
There are several advantages of using large representative samples to study adoption-related issues, and existing databases are increasingly used for this purpose. Large scale surveys are often limited, however, in the number and type of questions that are asked regarding adoption. Conceptual and methodological issues in measuring adoption status are discussed, and a rich new database-the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Hea…
Teacher-child interactions and children's cognitive and social skills in Chinese preschool classrooms
Questionnaire and Interview Inconsistencies Exaggerated Differences Between Adopted and Non-Adopted Adolescents in a National Sample
In a series of adoption-related studies using the Add Health data sets, discrepancies were observed between the Add Health In-school Questionnaire and the In-home Interview data sets in the com-Address correspondence to: Xitao Fan, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, 405 Emmet Street South, Charlottesville, VA 22903 (E-mail: [email protected]). parisons between adoptees and non-adoptees on a group of behavioral and psychosocial out…
Testing the ‘thresholds’ of preschool education quality on child outcomes in China
Profiles of parent and peer attachments of adolescents and associations with psychological outcomes
Profiles of teacher-child interactions in Chinese kindergarten classrooms and the associated teacher and program features
Teacher–child interaction quality and Chinese children’s academic and cognitive development
Does context matter? Explicit print instruction during reading varies in its influence by child and classroom factors
Linking motivation and willingness to communicate in online L3 learning context
The importance of “willingness to communicate” (WTC) in foreign language learning has been widely discussed. However, the current research on WTC mainly focuses on traditional classrooms, and there is insufficient attention to WTC in L3 online learning. This study explored the psychological process among motivation, WTC, foreign language enjoyment (FLE), foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA), and perceived positive language interaction (PPLI)…
Are structural quality indicators associated with preschool process quality in China? An exploration of threshold effects
Preschool expenditures and Chinese children’s academic performance
Structural Equation Modeling
Structural equation modeling (SEM) has witnessed an exponential growth in its application in social and behavioral science research since the 1980s. Because of its versatility, SEM has been heralded as a unified model that joins methods from econometrics, psychometrics, sociometrics, and multivariate statistics. Many statistical techniques can be considered as special cases of SEM, including regression analysis, canonical correlation analysis, co…
Bootsreg
BOOTSREG is an SAS/IML program for performing the bootstrap resampling technique in regression analysis. The program can be used in any version of SAS as long as the installation includes the Interactive Matrix Language (IML) module of the SAS system. Program input and output are both highly automated, so the users need to know very little about the SAS system or the SAS language. The program produces both standard regression results (parameter e…
Ethnic Group Representation in Test Construction Samples and Test Bias
The purpose of the present study is to test empirically the tenability of the hypothesis that tests tend to be systematically biased against ethnic groups with smaller or no representation in the test standardization sample. Two test construction models were developed under tight experimental controls: one with differential representation of ethnic groups (White, African American, Hispanic, and Asian) in the test development sample, and the other…
An SAS Program for Assessing Multivariate Normality
This SAS program checks for multivariate normality of data. The program can be used in any version of the SAS system. Program input and output are both highly automated, so the users need to know very little about the SAS system or the SAS language. The program produces graphic plot of Mahalanobis distances versus chi-square values, the proportion of Mahalanobis distances exceeding the 50th percentile of chi-square distribution, and the normalize…
Effects of Potential Confounding Factors on Fit Indices and Parameter Estimates for True and Misspecified SEM Models
The present Monte Carlo study assessed the effects of three potential confounding factors on structural equation modeling (SEM) fit indices and parameter estimates: data nonnormality, estimation method, and sample size. The major findings were that (a) relatively mild data nonnormality has little effect on SEM fit indices and parameter estimates; (b) under misspecified models, estimation method (maximum likelihood [ML] vs. generalized least squar…
Item Response Theory and Classical Test Theory
Despite theoretical differences between item response theory (IRT) and classical test theory (CTT), there is a lack of empirical knowledge about how, and to what extent, the IRT- and CTT-based item and person statistics behave differently. This study empirically examined the behaviors of the item and person statistics derived from these two measurement frameworks. The study focused on two issues: (a) What are the empirical relationships between I…
Pubertal Development, Parental Communication, and Sexual Values in Relation to Adolescent Sexual Behaviors
There is great interest in understanding adolescent sexual behavior because of its links to unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. This study's purpose was to analyze biological and social antecedents of adolescent sexual intentions and behaviors, including age, pubertal development, quality of parent/adolescent communication, and adolescent sexual values. Analyses were based on longitudinal data collected in 1991, 1992, and 199…
Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes
A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to investigate the effects on structural equation modeling (SEM) fit indexes of sample size, estimation method, and model specification. Based on a balanced experimental design, samples were generated from a prespecified population covariance matrix and fitted to structural equation models with different degrees of model misspecification. Ten SEM fit indexes were studied. Two primary conclusions were s…
Comparisons of Adopted and Nonadopted Adolescents in a Large, Nationally Representative Sample
There are conflicting findings about whether adopted children have more psychological and behavioral problems than nonadoptees. Research results are discrepant partly because many previous studies were based on small clinical samples or on samples biased by self-selection. A nationally representative school survey (Add Health) was used to compare adopted (n= 1,587) and nonadopted adolescents (total N= 87,165) across a wide variety of measures. St…
Assessing the Reliability of Beck Depression Inventory Scores
The reliability estimates for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores across studies were accumulated and summarized in a meta-analysis. Only 7.5% of the articles reviewed reported meaningful reliability estimates, indicating that the logic of “test score reliability” generally has not prevailed in clinical psychology regarding application of BDI. Analyses revealed that for BDI, the measurement error due to time sampling as captured by test-re…
Published Studies of Interrater Reliability Often Overestimate Reliability
It is erroneous to generalize the interrater reliability coefficient estimated from two or more raters rating only a (small) portion of the sample to the rest of the sample data for which only one rater is used for scoring, although such generalization is often made implicitly in practice. If the interrater reliability estimate from part of a sample is available, the score reliability for the rest of the sample data for which only one rater is us…
Parental Involvement and Students' Academic Achievement
The major research objective of this study was to assess the effect of parental involvement on students' academic growth during the high school years. The National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) data were used, and latent growth curve analysis within the framework of structural equation modeling was the major analytic tool. The following are the major findings of the study: (a) Parental involvement appears to be multidimensional; …
Parental Involvement and Students' Academic Achievement
Confidence Intervals for Effect Sizes
Confidence intervals for reliability coefficients can be estimated in various ways. The present article illustrates a variety of these applications. This guidelines editorial also promulgates a request that EPM authors report confidence intervals for reliability estimates whenever they report score reliabilities and note what interval estimation methods they have used. This will reinforce reader understanding that all statistical estimates, inclu…
Who Is Adopted
There are several advantages of using large representative samples to study adoption-related issues, and existing databases are increasingly used for this purpose. Large scale surveys are often limited, however, in the number and type of questions that are asked regarding adoption. Conceptual and methodological issues in measuring adoption status are discussed, and a rich new database-the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Hea…
Questionnaire and Interview Inconsistencies Exaggerated Differences Between Adopted and Non-Adopted Adolescents in a National Sample
In a series of adoption-related studies using the Add Health data sets, discrepancies were observed between the Add Health In-school Questionnaire and the In-home Interview data sets in the com-Address correspondence to: Xitao Fan, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, 405 Emmet Street South, Charlottesville, VA 22903 (E-mail: [email protected]). parisons between adoptees and non-adoptees on a group of behavioral and psychosocial out…
Examinee Characteristics and Score Reliability
The literature on measurement reliability shows the general consensus that examinee group heterogeneity with regard to the trait being measured affects the score reliability. Potentially, the performance level of the examinee group may also affect score reliability because of its potential effect on the relative magnitude of error variance. This article empirically examines the effects of these two examinee sample characteristics on score reliabi…
Assessing The Factor Structure Invariance Of Self-Concept Measurement Across Ethnic And Gender Groups
This study investigated the degree of factor structure invariance of self-concept measurement across ethnic and gender groups. The National Educational Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS: 88) data were used for the investigation. The factor pattern coefficients and factor variances/covariances were found to be statistically not invariant across either ethnic or gender groups. The concern about the effect of the large sample size on the statistical…
Two Approaches for Correcting Correlation Attenuation Caused by Measurement Error
This study focused on the issue of measurement reliability and its attenuation on correlation between two composites and two seemingly different approaches for correcting the attenuation. As expected, correlation coefficients uncorrected for measurement error are systematically biased downward. For the data conditions examined, the two correction approaches provided not only near identical and unbiased estimates but also near identical confidence…
Missing Data in Disguise and Implications for Survey Data Analysis
The phenomenon was observed that more "not applicable" (NA) responses occurred for the items near the end of a survey instrument than for those at the beginning. In this article, the authors present evidence that this phenomenon represents missing data in disguise in a survey study, especially when the survey is long. They explore the implications for survey data analysis in this situation. Practical recommendations are made for survey instrument…
Sensitivity of Fit Indexes to Misspecified Structural or Measurement Model Components
In previous research (Hu & Bentler, 1998, 1999), 2 conclusions were drawn: standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) was the most sensitive to misspecified factor covariances, and a group of other fit indexes were most sensitive to misspecified factor loadings. Based on these findings, a 2-index strategy-that is, SRMR coupled with another index-was proposed in model fit assessment to detect potential misspecification in both the structural a…
The Search for "Optimal" Cutoff Properties
This study is a partial replication of L. Hu and P. M. Bentler's (1999) fit criteria work. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine whether cut-off values vary according to which model is the true population model for a dataset and (b) to identify which of 13 fit indexes behave optimally by retaining all of the correct models while simultaneously rejecting all of the misspecified models in a manner invariant across sample size and …
Planning Early for Careers in Science
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Antisocial Behavior of Adoptees and Nonadoptees
This study examined the contribution of demographic characteristics, early maltreatment, and peer and family relationships during adolescence to the prediction of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior (AASB and NAASB, respectively) during young adulthood; and determined whether adoption status has additional ability to predict ASB, once background, early experience, peer, and family variables were controlled. Data from adolescent and p…
An Exploratory Study about Inaccuracy and Invalidity in Adolescent Self-Report Surveys
Using Add Health data, the authors provide evidence that some adolescents gave inaccurate and/or invalid responses on a self-administered questionnaire. Further analyses show that these adolescents were much more likely to report extreme levels on psychosocial and behavioral outcome variables. A distinction was made between inaccurate responders (e.g., inaccurate/false responses due to carelessness or confusion) and jokesters (e.g., intentional f…
Sensitivity of Fit Indices to Model Misspecification and Model Types
The search for cut-off criteria of fit indices for model fit evaluation (e.g., Hu & Bentler, 1999 Hu, L. and Bentler, P. M. 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling., 6: 1–55. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) assumes that these fit indices are sensitive to model misspecification, but not to different types of…
Psychology (58 works) · Mathematics (34 works) · Statistics (32 works) · Developmental psychology (31 works) · Computer Science (27 works) · Medicine (22 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (17 works) · Econometrics (17 works) · Parental Involvement in Education (16 works) · Social Psychology (15 works)