John Changalucha
Biographic Data
| ID | 374730 |
|---|---|
| NAME | John Changalucha |
| GIVEN NAMES | John |
| FAMILY NAME | Changalucha |
| SIGNATURE | CHANGALUCHA J |
| AFFILIATIONS | National Institute for Medical Research |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1248-9515 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 5 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 19 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
A win-win scenario? Employers’ responses to HIV in Tanzania
Workplaces have been increasingly promoted as key sites for HIV interventions, with cost-benefit analyses employed to demonstrate the financial benefits to employers for implementing workplace HIV programmes. In these analyses, the potential costs of having HIV positive employees are weighed against the costs of the workplace programmes. Despite evidence that shows some firms have saved significant sums of money through these interventions, the g…
HIV testing attitudes and practices amongst 'wealthy men'
Evidence from nationally representative surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa shows that significant proportions of men in the wealthiest quintile report never having tested for HIV. Despite high prevalence rates in this quintile, no research has been conducted on the HIV testing attitudes and practices of wealthier men. This article reports findings from qualitative research conducted with 23 wealthy men in Tanzania. Whilst wealthy men reporte…
Cascade of care for HIV-seroconverters in rural Tanzania
We examined the HIV care cascade in a community-based cohort study in Kisesa, Magu, Tanzania. We analyzed the proportion achieving each stage of the cascade - Seroconversion, Awareness of HIV status, Enrollment in Care and Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation - and estimated the median and interquartile range for the time for progression to the next stage. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence risk ratios for enrollment i…
Female sex workers perspectives and concerns regarding HIV self-testing
FSWs demonstrated high enthusiasm to use the HIVST once it becomes available. Expectations for increased confidentiality, autonomy, and reduced opportunity costs were among the leading factors that attracted FSWs to HIVST. The major obstacles to the acceptability of HIVST included fear of HIV reactive test and not trusting self-diagnoses. Our findings underscore the importance of providing adequate access to counselling and referral services in c…
Why Me? Challenges Associated With Recruiting Participants for a Study Focusing on 'Wealthy Men
It is well-known that conducting research with elite groups presents a range of unique methodological challenges including gaining access to and recruiting a demographic group that is underrepresented if not entirely absent from most research. This issue is particularly pronounced when the research topic is sensitive or potentially politicized and conducted in low-income settings in which large wealth inequalities are apparent. Drawing on recent …
Feasibility and acceptability of delivering adolescent health interventions alongside HPV vaccination in Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination offers an opportunity to strengthen provision of adolescent health interventions (AHI). We explored the feasibility of integrating other AHI with HPV vaccination in Tanzania. METHODS: A desk review of 39 policy documents was preceded by a stakeholder meeting with 38 policy makers and partners. Eighteen key informant interviews (KIIs) with health and education policy makers and district officials …
Perceptions, attitude and uptake of rapid syphilis testing services in antenatal clinics in North-Western Tanzania
Infection with syphilis during pregnancy could cause spontaneous abortion, low birth weight and stillbirth. To prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by syphilis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends syphilis screening and treatment of all pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) services. Rapid syphilis testing (RST) demonstration project was introduced at ANC clinics in Tanzania in 2009, to assess the feasibility, acceptabilit…
The costs of accessible quality assured syphilis diagnostics
OBJECTIVES: To determine the costs of Rapid Syphilis Test (RSTs) as compared with rapid plasma reagin (RPR) when implemented in a Tanzanian setting, and to determine the relative impact of a quality assurance (QA) system on the cost of RST implementation. METHODS: The incremental costs for RPR and RST screening programmes in existing antenatal care settings in Geita District, Tanzania were collected for 9 months in subsequent years from nine heal…
OP35 Sexual Risk Behaviour Among Young People in Rural Tanzania
Background Being in full-time education is associated with lower risk of HIV and other STIs. We describe sexual partnership histories reported by youth in rural Tanzania, and investigate the association between current attendance at post-primary education, and sexual behaviour and antibody responses to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Methods In 2007/8, sexual partnership histories were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire…
The impact of antenatal HIV diagnosis on postpartum childbearing desires in northern Tanzania
With the expansion of routine antenatal HIV testing, women are increasingly discovering they are HIV-positive during pregnancy. While several studies have examined the impact of HIV on childbearing in Africa, few have focused on the antenatal/postpartum period. Addressing this research gap will help tailor contraceptive counseling to HIV-positive women’s needs. Our study measures how antenatal HIV diagnosis affects postpartum childbearing desires…
Traditional male circumcision practices among the Kurya of North-eastern Tanzania and implications for national programmes
The World Health Organisation and the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS recommend male circumcision (MC) as an additional intervention against HIV infection. Various sub-Saharan African countries are at different stages of rolling out MC programmes. Despite initial fears, studies conducted among traditionally non-circumcising communities in Africa have shown that MC is widely accepted as a biomedical intervention. However, little is known on…
Acceptability of medical male circumcision in the traditionally circumcising communities in Northern Tanzania
There is a shift of preference from traditional male circumcision to medical male circumcision in this traditionally circumcising population. However, this preference has not changed the circumcision practices in the communities because of the community social pressure. Male circumcision national program should take advantage of this preference of medical male circumcision by introducing safe and affordable circumcision services and mobilising co…
Policy environment and male circumcision for HIV prevention
Findings from the situation analysis in Tanzania have shown that despite the absence of a specific policy on MC, basic elements of enabling policy environment at national, regional, district and community levels are in place for the implementation of MC scale up programme
"Half plate of rice to a male casual sexual partner, full plate belongs to the husband"
HIV prevention efforts can succeed by addressing sexual behaviour and its socio-economic and cultural contexts. More innovative, interdisciplinary and productive structural approaches to HIV prevention need to be developed in close collaboration with affected communities and be closely related to policy-making and implementation; to go beyond the limited success of traditional behavioural and biomedical interventions to particularly address the u…
A qualitative study of participant adherence in a randomized controlled trial of herpes suppressive therapy for HIV prevention in Tanzania
Poor participant adherence to treatment may contribute to lack of impact in some biomedical HIV prevention trials. This qualitative study explored adherence in a randomized controlled trial of herpes suppressive therapy to reduce HIV acquisition and infectivity among 1305 Tanzanian women. The trial found participants completed 72% of visits on treatment; 52-56% of women on treatment had > or = 90% adherence by pill count estimate; and between six…
Trends in HIV & syphilis prevalence and correlates of HIV infection
HIV prevalence trends concur with results from a community-based cohort in the region. Correlates of HIV infection have also changed and more proximate, individual level factors are now more important, in line with the changing epidemiology of infection in this population
Dusty discos and dangerous desires
This paper presents villagers' assessments of young people's sexual and reproductive health vulnerability and of community-based interventions that may reduce both vulnerability and risk in rural Mwanza, Tanzania. The primary methods used were 28 group discussions and 18 in-depth interviews with representatives of various social groups in four villages. The majority of participants attributed young people's sexual and reproductive health risks to…
Impact of Improved Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases on HIV Infection in Rural Tanzania
Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania
Why Me? Challenges Associated With Recruiting Participants for a Study Focusing on 'Wealthy Men
It is well-known that conducting research with elite groups presents a range of unique methodological challenges including gaining access to and recruiting a demographic group that is underrepresented if not entirely absent from most research. This issue is particularly pronounced when the research topic is sensitive or potentially politicized and conducted in low-income settings in which large wealth inequalities are apparent. Drawing on recent …
Perceptions, attitude and uptake of rapid syphilis testing services in antenatal clinics in North-Western Tanzania
Infection with syphilis during pregnancy could cause spontaneous abortion, low birth weight and stillbirth. To prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by syphilis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends syphilis screening and treatment of all pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) services. Rapid syphilis testing (RST) demonstration project was introduced at ANC clinics in Tanzania in 2009, to assess the feasibility, acceptabilit…
The costs of accessible quality assured syphilis diagnostics
OBJECTIVES: To determine the costs of Rapid Syphilis Test (RSTs) as compared with rapid plasma reagin (RPR) when implemented in a Tanzanian setting, and to determine the relative impact of a quality assurance (QA) system on the cost of RST implementation. METHODS: The incremental costs for RPR and RST screening programmes in existing antenatal care settings in Geita District, Tanzania were collected for 9 months in subsequent years from nine heal…
OP35 Sexual Risk Behaviour Among Young People in Rural Tanzania
Background Being in full-time education is associated with lower risk of HIV and other STIs. We describe sexual partnership histories reported by youth in rural Tanzania, and investigate the association between current attendance at post-primary education, and sexual behaviour and antibody responses to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Methods In 2007/8, sexual partnership histories were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire…
The impact of antenatal HIV diagnosis on postpartum childbearing desires in northern Tanzania
With the expansion of routine antenatal HIV testing, women are increasingly discovering they are HIV-positive during pregnancy. While several studies have examined the impact of HIV on childbearing in Africa, few have focused on the antenatal/postpartum period. Addressing this research gap will help tailor contraceptive counseling to HIV-positive women’s needs. Our study measures how antenatal HIV diagnosis affects postpartum childbearing desires…
Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania
Impact of Improved Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases on HIV Infection in Rural Tanzania
A qualitative study of participant adherence in a randomized controlled trial of herpes suppressive therapy for HIV prevention in Tanzania
Poor participant adherence to treatment may contribute to lack of impact in some biomedical HIV prevention trials. This qualitative study explored adherence in a randomized controlled trial of herpes suppressive therapy to reduce HIV acquisition and infectivity among 1305 Tanzanian women. The trial found participants completed 72% of visits on treatment; 52-56% of women on treatment had > or = 90% adherence by pill count estimate; and between six…
Trends in HIV & syphilis prevalence and correlates of HIV infection
HIV prevalence trends concur with results from a community-based cohort in the region. Correlates of HIV infection have also changed and more proximate, individual level factors are now more important, in line with the changing epidemiology of infection in this population
Dusty discos and dangerous desires
This paper presents villagers' assessments of young people's sexual and reproductive health vulnerability and of community-based interventions that may reduce both vulnerability and risk in rural Mwanza, Tanzania. The primary methods used were 28 group discussions and 18 in-depth interviews with representatives of various social groups in four villages. The majority of participants attributed young people's sexual and reproductive health risks to…
Traditional male circumcision practices among the Kurya of North-eastern Tanzania and implications for national programmes
The World Health Organisation and the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS recommend male circumcision (MC) as an additional intervention against HIV infection. Various sub-Saharan African countries are at different stages of rolling out MC programmes. Despite initial fears, studies conducted among traditionally non-circumcising communities in Africa have shown that MC is widely accepted as a biomedical intervention. However, little is known on…
Acceptability of medical male circumcision in the traditionally circumcising communities in Northern Tanzania
There is a shift of preference from traditional male circumcision to medical male circumcision in this traditionally circumcising population. However, this preference has not changed the circumcision practices in the communities because of the community social pressure. Male circumcision national program should take advantage of this preference of medical male circumcision by introducing safe and affordable circumcision services and mobilising co…
Policy environment and male circumcision for HIV prevention
Findings from the situation analysis in Tanzania have shown that despite the absence of a specific policy on MC, basic elements of enabling policy environment at national, regional, district and community levels are in place for the implementation of MC scale up programme
"Half plate of rice to a male casual sexual partner, full plate belongs to the husband"
HIV prevention efforts can succeed by addressing sexual behaviour and its socio-economic and cultural contexts. More innovative, interdisciplinary and productive structural approaches to HIV prevention need to be developed in close collaboration with affected communities and be closely related to policy-making and implementation; to go beyond the limited success of traditional behavioural and biomedical interventions to particularly address the u…
The impact of antenatal HIV diagnosis on postpartum childbearing desires in northern Tanzania
With the expansion of routine antenatal HIV testing, women are increasingly discovering they are HIV-positive during pregnancy. While several studies have examined the impact of HIV on childbearing in Africa, few have focused on the antenatal/postpartum period. Addressing this research gap will help tailor contraceptive counseling to HIV-positive women’s needs. Our study measures how antenatal HIV diagnosis affects postpartum childbearing desires…
OP35 Sexual Risk Behaviour Among Young People in Rural Tanzania
Background Being in full-time education is associated with lower risk of HIV and other STIs. We describe sexual partnership histories reported by youth in rural Tanzania, and investigate the association between current attendance at post-primary education, and sexual behaviour and antibody responses to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Methods In 2007/8, sexual partnership histories were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire…
The costs of accessible quality assured syphilis diagnostics
OBJECTIVES: To determine the costs of Rapid Syphilis Test (RSTs) as compared with rapid plasma reagin (RPR) when implemented in a Tanzanian setting, and to determine the relative impact of a quality assurance (QA) system on the cost of RST implementation. METHODS: The incremental costs for RPR and RST screening programmes in existing antenatal care settings in Geita District, Tanzania were collected for 9 months in subsequent years from nine heal…
Feasibility and acceptability of delivering adolescent health interventions alongside HPV vaccination in Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination offers an opportunity to strengthen provision of adolescent health interventions (AHI). We explored the feasibility of integrating other AHI with HPV vaccination in Tanzania. METHODS: A desk review of 39 policy documents was preceded by a stakeholder meeting with 38 policy makers and partners. Eighteen key informant interviews (KIIs) with health and education policy makers and district officials …
Perceptions, attitude and uptake of rapid syphilis testing services in antenatal clinics in North-Western Tanzania
Infection with syphilis during pregnancy could cause spontaneous abortion, low birth weight and stillbirth. To prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by syphilis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends syphilis screening and treatment of all pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) services. Rapid syphilis testing (RST) demonstration project was introduced at ANC clinics in Tanzania in 2009, to assess the feasibility, acceptabilit…
Why Me? Challenges Associated With Recruiting Participants for a Study Focusing on 'Wealthy Men
It is well-known that conducting research with elite groups presents a range of unique methodological challenges including gaining access to and recruiting a demographic group that is underrepresented if not entirely absent from most research. This issue is particularly pronounced when the research topic is sensitive or potentially politicized and conducted in low-income settings in which large wealth inequalities are apparent. Drawing on recent …
Cascade of care for HIV-seroconverters in rural Tanzania
We examined the HIV care cascade in a community-based cohort study in Kisesa, Magu, Tanzania. We analyzed the proportion achieving each stage of the cascade - Seroconversion, Awareness of HIV status, Enrollment in Care and Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation - and estimated the median and interquartile range for the time for progression to the next stage. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence risk ratios for enrollment i…
Female sex workers perspectives and concerns regarding HIV self-testing
FSWs demonstrated high enthusiasm to use the HIVST once it becomes available. Expectations for increased confidentiality, autonomy, and reduced opportunity costs were among the leading factors that attracted FSWs to HIVST. The major obstacles to the acceptability of HIVST included fear of HIV reactive test and not trusting self-diagnoses. Our findings underscore the importance of providing adequate access to counselling and referral services in c…
A win-win scenario? Employers’ responses to HIV in Tanzania
Workplaces have been increasingly promoted as key sites for HIV interventions, with cost-benefit analyses employed to demonstrate the financial benefits to employers for implementing workplace HIV programmes. In these analyses, the potential costs of having HIV positive employees are weighed against the costs of the workplace programmes. Despite evidence that shows some firms have saved significant sums of money through these interventions, the g…
HIV testing attitudes and practices amongst 'wealthy men'
Evidence from nationally representative surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa shows that significant proportions of men in the wealthiest quintile report never having tested for HIV. Despite high prevalence rates in this quintile, no research has been conducted on the HIV testing attitudes and practices of wealthier men. This article reports findings from qualitative research conducted with 23 wealthy men in Tanzania. Whilst wealthy men reporte…
Medicine (18 works) · Tanzania (18 works) · Family medicine (13 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (13 works) · Environmental health (12 works) · Socioeconomics (11 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (10 works) · Population (9 works) · Demography (8 works) · Nursing (8 works)