Rhianna Garrett
Biographic Data
| ID | 376417 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Rhianna Garrett |
| GIVEN NAMES | Rhianna |
| FAMILY NAME | Garrett |
| SIGNATURE | GARRETT R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Cambridge |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6171-263X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 53 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 361 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 53 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Limited reach of zero-deforestation commitments to Indonesian oil palm smallholders
Many companies have adopted zero-deforestation commitments (ZDCs) to remove products linked to forest loss from their supply chains. A common concern is that such policies may lead to the supply chain exclusion of smallholder farmers. Here, in this study of the Indonesian palm oil sector, we draw on surveys with 1,541 farm households and 53 interviews with supply chain actors to assess whether and how ZDCs reach non-industrial producers, includin…
(Im)possible categorisation? Using multiple correspondence analysis on ‘mixed’ ethnic categories in UK higher education
Despite the growing number of mixed ethnic populations in higher education in the UK, there is a lack of information about their complex multiethnic experiences. This paper aims to address the issue of racial categorisation from an intersectional multiethnic perspective, enhancing our understanding of mixed ethnic concerns and showcasing the richness of the various hidden subcategories. We adopt a mixed methods approach to multiethnic analysis, u…
Mining expansion as new driver of deforestation in Côte d’Ivoire
Mining is a rapidly expanding driver of tropical deforestation, yet the scale of its offsite impacts on deforestation and degradation at biome scale remain poorly quantified, especially across sub-Saharan Africa. We focus on understanding these national-scale mining impacts in Côte d’Ivoire, which is a global biodiversity hotspot within the Upper Guinean Forests that has lost >80% of its forest cover since 1960. We combine high-resolution land-us…
The unrealized potential of agroforestry for an emissions-intensive agricultural commodity
Is the Implementation of Cocoa Companies' Forest Policies on Track to Effectively and Equitably Address Deforestation in West Africa
Tropical forests play a crucial role in achieving the sustainable development goals by contributing to climate stability, conserving biodiversity and sustaining livelihoods. However, forests are disappearing due to agricultural expansion. In West Africa, cocoa production is a major driver of deforestation. This study examines the design and implementation of forest‐focused supply chain policies (FSPs) in cocoa supply chains in Côte d'Ivoire and G…
How Does the European Union's Pluralistic Institutional System Influence Policy Change? The Case of the European Union Regulation on Deforestation‐Free Products
How did policy actors use the European Union's (EU's) political system to achieve policy changes in regulating the sustainability and legality of transnational forest and agricultural commodity supply chains? We qualitatively analysed the development of the new EU Regulation on Deforestation‐free products (EUDR) from actor‐centred and institutionalist perspectives. Data sources include policy documents, interviews and participant observation. Our…
Existing Sustainability Interventions are Insufficient to Scale Up Cocoa Agroforestry in West Africa
Sustainability transitions in agri‐food systems are required to address climate change, biodiversity loss, and social inequities. In the West African cocoa sector, supply chain sustainability initiatives (SSIs) have emerged as key environmental governance tools to address these challenges and promote agroforestry. Agroforestry is a climate adaptation strategy that supports both nature and the livelihoods of smallholder farmers, yet its adoption r…
Why has the Brazilian Cerrado been left behind by voluntary environmental policies
Brazil’s biodiverse Cerrado biome is overlooked in environmental policies. • We analyzed the factors influencing conservation policy adoption in the soy supply chain. • Public awareness drove policy adoption in the Amazon but not Cerrado. • Empowered far-right politics constrained companies’ environmental policy adoption. • A policy window to adopt Cerrado conservation policy is now open. The expansion of soy production has been a deforestation d…
The architecture of whiteness
On 27 January 2025, I submitted my doctoral thesis titled ‘The architecture of whiteness: How institutional whiteness shapes academic careers in the UK’, and shared this milestone on X (formally Twitter). However, given the far‐right political landscape of the platform, the post became a representative for the very thing I was hoping to challenge—the normalcy of whiteness. In this paper, I define the architecture of whiteness as the metaphorical …
Racism shapes careers: Career trajectories and imagined futures of racialised minority PhDs in UK higher education
This paper explores the perceptions of future career trajectories amongst racialised minority PhDs in UK higher education. Drawing on 22 semi-structured interviews, my findings discuss how racialised minority PhDs relate to an academic career trajectory and identity, how they experience white organisational spaces and how diversity, or lack thereof, affects their career choices and imagined futures. These new empirical insights reveal some of the…
Equity in unilateral value chain policies: A monitoring framework for the Eudr and beyond
I’m not white: Counter-stories from “mixed race” women navigating PhDs
Purpose This paper critiques institutional whiteness and racial categorisation in UK higher education. This is done through the representation of the complex narratives of “mixed race” women navigating their PhD experiences in predominantly white institutions, when their identities have proximity to whiteness. Design/methodology/approach This study introduces five vignettes of “mixed race” women, gathered from a wider study of 27 PhDs and early c…
Quest for Equity: Using multiple methodologies to promote collaboration and engagement in anti-racism education
This article explores how multiple methodologies can create new spaces to reimagine anti-racism work and enhance engagement in anti-racist education. Through the combination of two methodologies, namely design-based research (DBR) and gamification, the paper describes the design formation of the game Quest for Equity, a collaborative and engaging speaking tool. The game improved player engagement and effective collaboration, while challenging per…
How well does the implementation of corporate zero-deforestation commitments in Indonesia align with aims to halt deforestation and include smallholders
In response to growing scrutiny surrounding commodity-driven deforestation, companies have introduced zero-deforestation commitments (ZDCs) with ambitious environmental and social targets. However, such initiatives may not effectively reduce deforestation if they are not aligned with the spatial extent of remaining forests at risk. They may also fail to avert socio-economic risks if ZDCs do not consider smallholder farmers’ needs. We assess the s…
A lack of clarity on the bioeconomy concept might be harmful for Amazonian ecosystems and its people
Jurisdictional approaches to sustainable agro-commodity governance: The state of knowledge and future research directions
The production and trade of primary agro-commodities drive significant land use change, with profound consequences for the planet and people. In a special report on climate change and land, the International Panel on Climate Change (2019) warned that any pathway aimed at limiting global warming to within 2 °C requires reduced carbon emissions and land use change. The destruction of natural ecosystems also carries significant implications for the …
Characterizing culture’s influence in land systems
Group-shared attributes, coded in cultural systems, heavily influence how land is used. Despite recent advances in behavioural theory, the central role of culture in land-use decision-making and linked sustainability outcomes is underexplored. We expanded on institutional analysis and system-dynamics frameworks to analyse 66 studies that causally link culture to land use. We found that most studies focus on norms, practices, values or meanings. T…
The role of midstream actors in advancing the sustainability of agri-food supply chains
The challenge of commodity-centric governance in sacrifice frontiers: Evidence from the Brazilian Cerrado's soy sector
Conservation governance is increasingly globalized, particularly supply chain polices implemented by multinational corporations. However, the ways that local elite narratives and power networks influence the design and implementation of policies is poorly understood. We examine the role that local agribusiness narratives have on producers’ resistance to supply chain policies through the concept of the “sacrifice frontier”. We theorize sacrifice f…
How Social Considerations Improve the Equity and Effectiveness of Ecosystem Restoration
Ecosystem restoration is an important means to address global sustainability challenges. However, scientific and policy discourse often overlooks the social processes that influence the equity and effectiveness of restoration interventions. In the present article, we outline how social processes that are critical to restoration equity and effectiveness can be better incorporated in restoration science and policy. Drawing from existing case studie…
Goal-Based Private Sustainability Governance and Its Paradoxes in the Indonesian Palm Oil Sector
In response to stakeholder pressure, companies increasingly make ambitious forward-looking sustainability commitments. They then draw on corporate policies with varying degrees of alignment to disseminate and enforce corresponding behavioral rules among their suppliers and business partners. This goal-based turn in private sustainability governance has important implications for its likely environmental and social outcomes. Drawing on paradox the…
A systematic comparison of deforestation drivers and policy effectiveness across the Amazon biome
The Amazon biome, spanning nine countries, has one of the highest rates of deforestation worldwide. This deforestation contributes to biodiversity loss, climate change, the spread of infectious diseases, and damage to rural and indigenous livelihoods. Hundreds of articles have been published on the topic of deforestation across Amazonia, yet there has been no recent synthesis of deforestation drivers and deforestation-control policy effectiveness…
Post-2020 biodiversity framework challenged by cropland expansion in protected areas
Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon could be halved by scaling up the implementation of zero-deforestation cattle commitments
Deforestation for agriculture is a key threat to global carbon stocks, biodiversity, and indigenous ways of life. In the absence of strong territorial governance, zero-deforestation commitments (ZDCs), corporate policies to decouple food production from deforestation, remain a central tool to combat this issue. Yet evidence on their effectiveness remains mixed and the mechanisms limiting effectiveness are poorly understood. To advance understandi…
Public policies and global forest conservation: Empirical evidence from national borders
Protecting the world’s remaining forests is a global policy priority. Even though the value of the world’s remaining forests is global in nature, much of the protection has to come from national policies. Here, we combine global, high resolution remote sensing data on forest outcomes (tree-cover loss, forest degradation, net primary production) and two complementary econometric research designs for causal inference to first quantify how much it m…
Middle-range theories of land system change
Green for gold: Social and ecological tradeoffs influencing the sustainability of the Brazilian soy industry
In this study we assess the sustainability of the Brazilian soy industry over the past 40 years in comparison to alternative land uses. We conclude that Brazilian soy production performs as well as or better than sugarcane or cattle production in a number of areas, including macroeconomic contributions, local economic development and land use efficiency, though it involves similar tradeoffs between growth and equity, and food production and conse…
Criteria for effective zero-deforestation commitments
Zero-deforestation commitments are a type of voluntary sustainability initiative that companies adopt to signal their intention to reduce or eliminate deforestation associated with commodities that they produce, trade, and/or sell. Because each company defines its own zero-deforestation commitment goals and implementation mechanisms, commitment content varies widely. This creates challenges for the assessment of commitment implementation or effec…
Intensification in agriculture-forest frontiers: Land use responses to development and conservation policies in Brazil
Deforestation associated with agricultural expansion, particularly that of extensive cattle ranching, remains a pressing challenge for sustainable development and climate mitigation efforts in South America. In response to these challenges, national and local governments, as well as private and non-governmental actors, have developed new forest conservation governance mechanisms. In addition to reducing deforestation for agricultural expansion, i…
The Restructuring of South American Soy and Beef Production and Trade Under Changing Environmental Regulations
In response to the extensive loss of forests caused by soy and cattle expansion in South America, several countries have increased their legal restrictions on deforestation, and stepped up their enforcement. In addition, in the Brazilian Amazon, new private agreements were initiated in 2006 and 2009 to limit the purchase of soy and cattle linked with deforestation. One concern is that such policies, because they are spatially heterogeneous or foc…
Land institutions and supply chain configurations as determinants of soybean planted area and yields in Brazil
The new economic geography of land use change: Supply chain configurations and land use in the Brazilian Amazon
Designing effective and equitable zero-deforestation supply chain policies
In response to the clearing of tropical forests for agricultural expansion, agri-food companies have adopted promises to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains in the form of ‘zero-deforestation commitments’ (ZDCs). While there is growing evidence about the environmental effectiveness of these commitments (i.e., whether they meet their conservation goals), there is little information on how they influence producers’ opportunity to acces…
Post-2020 biodiversity framework challenged by cropland expansion in protected areas
Should payments for environmental services be used to implement zero-deforestation supply chain policies? The case of soy in the Brazilian Cerrado
Over the past decade public and private actors have been developing a variety of new policy approaches for addressing agriculturally-driven deforestation linked to international supply chains. While payments for environmental services (PES) have been advocated in many contexts as an efficient and pro-poor environmental policy to incentivize conservation, they have been the subject of intense scrutiny and criticism for leading to mixed and sometim…
Determinants of crop-livestock integration in Brazil: Evidence from the household and regional levels
Drivers of decoupling and recoupling of crop and livestock systems at farm and territorial scales
Garrett, R. D., J. Ryschawy, L. W. Bell, O. Cortner, J. Ferreira, A. V. N. Garik, J. D. B. Gil, L. Klerkx, M. Moraine, C. A. Peterson, J. C. dos Reis, and J. F. Valentim. 2020. Drivers of decoupling and recoupling of crop and livestock systems at farm and territorial scales. Ecology and Society 25(1):24. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11412-250124
Fire risk perpetuates poverty and fire use among Amazonian smallholders
Forest fires exacerbate carbon emissions, threaten biodiversity and cause welfare losses to local populations. Most fires accidentally ignite from mismanaged swidden and pasture fires. We provide evidence that fire risk in the Brazilian Amazon, the world's largest remaining tropical forest, perpetuates low yield and environmentally degrading agricultural activities. Using a combination of household interviews and remotely sensed data on fire occu…
Perceptions of integrated crop-livestock systems for sustainable intensification in the Brazilian Amazon
Explaining the persistence of low income and environmentally degrading land uses in the Brazilian Amazon
Garrett, R. D., T. A. Gardner, T. Fonseca, S. Marchand, J. Barlow, D. Ezzine de Blas, J. Ferreira, A. C. Lees, and L. Parry. 2017. Explaining the persistence of low income and environmentally degrading land uses in the Brazilian Amazon. Ecology and Society 22(3):27. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09364-220327
Equity in unilateral value chain policies: A monitoring framework for the Eudr and beyond
I’m not white: Counter-stories from “mixed race” women navigating PhDs
Purpose This paper critiques institutional whiteness and racial categorisation in UK higher education. This is done through the representation of the complex narratives of “mixed race” women navigating their PhD experiences in predominantly white institutions, when their identities have proximity to whiteness. Design/methodology/approach This study introduces five vignettes of “mixed race” women, gathered from a wider study of 27 PhDs and early c…
The role of midstream actors in advancing the sustainability of agri-food supply chains
Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon could be halved by scaling up the implementation of zero-deforestation cattle commitments
Deforestation for agriculture is a key threat to global carbon stocks, biodiversity, and indigenous ways of life. In the absence of strong territorial governance, zero-deforestation commitments (ZDCs), corporate policies to decouple food production from deforestation, remain a central tool to combat this issue. Yet evidence on their effectiveness remains mixed and the mechanisms limiting effectiveness are poorly understood. To advance understandi…
The challenge of commodity-centric governance in sacrifice frontiers: Evidence from the Brazilian Cerrado's soy sector
Conservation governance is increasingly globalized, particularly supply chain polices implemented by multinational corporations. However, the ways that local elite narratives and power networks influence the design and implementation of policies is poorly understood. We examine the role that local agribusiness narratives have on producers’ resistance to supply chain policies through the concept of the “sacrifice frontier”. We theorize sacrifice f…
The architecture of whiteness
On 27 January 2025, I submitted my doctoral thesis titled ‘The architecture of whiteness: How institutional whiteness shapes academic careers in the UK’, and shared this milestone on X (formally Twitter). However, given the far‐right political landscape of the platform, the post became a representative for the very thing I was hoping to challenge—the normalcy of whiteness. In this paper, I define the architecture of whiteness as the metaphorical …
Racism shapes careers: Career trajectories and imagined futures of racialised minority PhDs in UK higher education
This paper explores the perceptions of future career trajectories amongst racialised minority PhDs in UK higher education. Drawing on 22 semi-structured interviews, my findings discuss how racialised minority PhDs relate to an academic career trajectory and identity, how they experience white organisational spaces and how diversity, or lack thereof, affects their career choices and imagined futures. These new empirical insights reveal some of the…
Characterizing culture’s influence in land systems
Group-shared attributes, coded in cultural systems, heavily influence how land is used. Despite recent advances in behavioural theory, the central role of culture in land-use decision-making and linked sustainability outcomes is underexplored. We expanded on institutional analysis and system-dynamics frameworks to analyse 66 studies that causally link culture to land use. We found that most studies focus on norms, practices, values or meanings. T…
Public policies and global forest conservation: Empirical evidence from national borders
Protecting the world’s remaining forests is a global policy priority. Even though the value of the world’s remaining forests is global in nature, much of the protection has to come from national policies. Here, we combine global, high resolution remote sensing data on forest outcomes (tree-cover loss, forest degradation, net primary production) and two complementary econometric research designs for causal inference to first quantify how much it m…
Explaining the stickiness of supply chain relations in the Brazilian soybean trade
The global trade of agricultural commodities has profound social-ecological impacts, from potentially increasing food availability and agricultural efficiency, to displacing local communities, and to incentivizing environmental destruction. Supply chain stickiness, understood as the stability in trading relationships between supply chain actors, moderates the impacts of agricultural commodity production and the possibilities for supply-chain inte…
Globalization’s unexpected impact on soybean production in South America: Linkages between preferences for non-genetically modified crops, eco-certifications, and land use
In this study we provide empirical evidence that Brazil's continued production of non-genetically modified (GM) soybeans has increased its competitive advantage in European countries with preferences against GM foods. Brazil's strong trade relationship with European consumers has facilitated an upgrading of the soybean supply chain. Upgraded soybean supply chains create new conservation opportunities by allowing farmers to differentiate their pro…
The new economic geography of land use change: Supply chain configurations and land use in the Brazilian Amazon
Land institutions and supply chain configurations as determinants of soybean planted area and yields in Brazil
Land-use policies and corporate investments in agriculture in the Gran Chaco and Chiquitano
Significance A growing global demand for agricultural products such as soybeans and beef is causing agriculture to expand into forest ecosystems. Many countries are tightening environmental regulations as a response. Because agricultural companies can move, there is a risk that stringent land-use regulations might just displace land conversion geographically. A better understanding of how these regulations affect companies’ movements is therefore…
Assessing the potential additionality of certification by the Round table on Responsible Soybeans and the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
Table We calculate low and high estimates of the fraction of total tree cover loss due to crop expansion, as well as the fraction of tree cover loss attributable to soy or oil palm ""expansion (BAU). Tree cover loss data are derived by applying a 30% canopy cover threshold to annual Landsat-derived percent tree cover data (21), while crop expansion data were downloaded from FAOSTAT (42). Oil palm area for Cambodia was not available from FAOSTAT. …
Determinants of crop-livestock integration in Brazil: Evidence from the household and regional levels
Green for gold: Social and ecological tradeoffs influencing the sustainability of the Brazilian soy industry
In this study we assess the sustainability of the Brazilian soy industry over the past 40 years in comparison to alternative land uses. We conclude that Brazilian soy production performs as well as or better than sugarcane or cattle production in a number of areas, including macroeconomic contributions, local economic development and land use efficiency, though it involves similar tradeoffs between growth and equity, and food production and conse…
The Restructuring of South American Soy and Beef Production and Trade Under Changing Environmental Regulations
In response to the extensive loss of forests caused by soy and cattle expansion in South America, several countries have increased their legal restrictions on deforestation, and stepped up their enforcement. In addition, in the Brazilian Amazon, new private agreements were initiated in 2006 and 2009 to limit the purchase of soy and cattle linked with deforestation. One concern is that such policies, because they are spatially heterogeneous or foc…
Explaining the persistence of low income and environmentally degrading land uses in the Brazilian Amazon
Garrett, R. D., T. A. Gardner, T. Fonseca, S. Marchand, J. Barlow, D. Ezzine de Blas, J. Ferreira, A. C. Lees, and L. Parry. 2017. Explaining the persistence of low income and environmentally degrading land uses in the Brazilian Amazon. Ecology and Society 22(3):27. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09364-220327
Tradeoffs in the quest for climate smart agricultural intensification in Mato Grosso, Brazil
Low productivity cattle ranching, with its linkages to rural poverty, deforestation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, remains one of the largest sustainability challenges in Brazil and has impacts worldwide. There is a nearly universal call to intensify extensive beef cattle production systems to spare land for crop production and nature and to meet Brazil?s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution to reducing global climate change. However,…
Nationwide shift to grass-fed beef requires larger cattle population
In the US, there is growing interest in producing more beef from pasture based systems, rather than grain-finishing feedlot systems due to the perception that it is more environmentally sustainable. Yet existing understanding of the environmental impacts of exclusively pasture-based systems is limited by a lack of clarity about cattle herd dynamics. We model a nationwide transition from grain- to grass-finishing systems using demographics of pres…
Intensification in agriculture-forest frontiers: Land use responses to development and conservation policies in Brazil
Deforestation associated with agricultural expansion, particularly that of extensive cattle ranching, remains a pressing challenge for sustainable development and climate mitigation efforts in South America. In response to these challenges, national and local governments, as well as private and non-governmental actors, have developed new forest conservation governance mechanisms. In addition to reducing deforestation for agricultural expansion, i…
Criteria for effective zero-deforestation commitments
Zero-deforestation commitments are a type of voluntary sustainability initiative that companies adopt to signal their intention to reduce or eliminate deforestation associated with commodities that they produce, trade, and/or sell. Because each company defines its own zero-deforestation commitment goals and implementation mechanisms, commitment content varies widely. This creates challenges for the assessment of commitment implementation or effec…
Middle-range theories of land system change
Using supply chain data to monitor zero deforestation commitments: An assessment of progress in the Brazilian soy sector
Zero deforestation commitments (ZDCs) are voluntary initiatives where companies or countries pledge to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains. These commitments offer much promise for sustainable commodity production, but are undermined by a lack of transparency about their coverage and impacts. Here, using state-of-the-art supply chain data, we introduce an approach to evaluate the impact of ZDCs, linking traders and international mark…
Perceptions of integrated crop-livestock systems for sustainable intensification in the Brazilian Amazon
Climate risks to Brazilian coffee production
Brazil is the world’s leading coffee exporter, contributing billions of dollars to the global food economy. Yet, a majority of Brazilian coffee farms are operated by ‘smallholders’, producers with relatively small properties and primarily reliant on family labor. While previous work indicates that climate change will decrease the area suitable for coffee production in Brazil, no study has assessed the impacts of climate change on coffee yields or…
Focus on leakage and spillovers: Informing land-use governance in a tele-coupled world
Governing land use to achieve sustainable outcomes is challenging, because land systems manifest complex land use spillovers—i.e. processes by which land use changes or direct interventions in land use (e.g. policy, program, new technologies) in one place have impacts on land use in another place. The ERL issue ‘Focus on Leakage: informing Land-Use Governance in a Tele-coupled World’ builds on discussions in an international expert workshop condu…
Fire risk perpetuates poverty and fire use among Amazonian smallholders
Forest fires exacerbate carbon emissions, threaten biodiversity and cause welfare losses to local populations. Most fires accidentally ignite from mismanaged swidden and pasture fires. We provide evidence that fire risk in the Brazilian Amazon, the world's largest remaining tropical forest, perpetuates low yield and environmentally degrading agricultural activities. Using a combination of household interviews and remotely sensed data on fire occu…
Drivers of decoupling and recoupling of crop and livestock systems at farm and territorial scales
Garrett, R. D., J. Ryschawy, L. W. Bell, O. Cortner, J. Ferreira, A. V. N. Garik, J. D. B. Gil, L. Klerkx, M. Moraine, C. A. Peterson, J. C. dos Reis, and J. F. Valentim. 2020. Drivers of decoupling and recoupling of crop and livestock systems at farm and territorial scales. Ecology and Society 25(1):24. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11412-250124
Designing effective and equitable zero-deforestation supply chain policies
In response to the clearing of tropical forests for agricultural expansion, agri-food companies have adopted promises to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains in the form of ‘zero-deforestation commitments’ (ZDCs). While there is growing evidence about the environmental effectiveness of these commitments (i.e., whether they meet their conservation goals), there is little information on how they influence producers’ opportunity to acces…
Moving niche agroecological initiatives to the mainstream: A case-study of sheep-vineyard integration in California
Disentangling the numbers behind agriculture-driven tropical deforestation
Tropical deforestation continues at alarming rates with profound impacts on ecosystems, climate, and livelihoods, prompting renewed commitments to halt its continuation. Although it is well established that agriculture is a dominant driver of deforestation, rates and mechanisms remain disputed and often lack a clear evidence base. We synthesize the best available pantropical evidence to provide clarity on how agriculture drives deforestation. Alt…
Ten facts about land systems for sustainability
Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in la…
Gaps in adoption and implementation limit the current and potential effectiveness of zero-deforestation supply chain policies for soy
Tropical deforestation continues despite global efforts to curb forest loss. Corporate zero-deforestation supply chain commitments (ZDCs) have the potential to address this deforestation, especially if strong state-led forest governance is absent. Yet, because ZDC adoption is limited to particular locations and supply chains, these commitments may fall short at reducing regional deforestation and protecting biodiverse ecosystems. Here, we leverag…
Business (34 works) · Economics (34 works) · Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management (29 works) · Geography (28 works) · Natural resource economics (23 works) · Ecology (21 works) · Agriculture (20 works) · Environmental Science (20 works) · Agroforestry (17 works) · Agricultural economics (16 works)