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Fiona Lee

Biographic Data

ID3784508
NAMEFiona Lee
GIVEN NAMESFiona
FAMILY NAMELee
SIGNATURELEE F
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of Michigan
ORCID0000-0001-6531-3735
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS34
TOTAL CITATIONS447
AUTHOR COUNT34
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1996
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2025
H-INDEX9
  • Black Identity in Action: Examining Ethnic and Racial Identity, Racial Discrimination, and Collective Action Among Black Individuals

    Open Access•Brianna Z Ro, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Black Psychology•2025

    This paper examines the factors that contribute to Black participants’ use of collective action strategies (i.e., activism and active coping) to combat experiences of racial discrimination. Previously, researchers have examined racial discrimination, ethnic identity, and racial identity in separate models from one another. We propose that ethnic and racial identity both mediate the relationship between racial discrimination and collective action,…

  • Qualitative exploration of Asian Americans’ coping with discrimination

    Ashley Ke, Mari Kira et al.•ARTICLE•Asian American Journal of…•2025

  • Gender and Professional Identities in Businesswomen’s Negotiation

    Open Access•Chi‐ying Cheng, Amy J Lim et al.•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•2024

    Gender roles and expectations for women have been shown to account for why women tend to negotiate ineffectively in business settings. Drawing from the psychological literature on multiple identities, this paper examines how individual differences in perceived compatibility between gender and professional identities-captured by the construct Gender-Professional Identity Integration (G-PII)-shape businesswomen's negotiation behaviors. Two studies …

  • The role of temporality in adolescent refugees' sense of well‐being

    Open Access•Mari Kira, Andrea Belgrade et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Community Psychology•2024•References: 76

    Adolescent refugees confront a complex interplay of trauma arising from forced displacement, resettlement, and the challenges of transitioning from childhood to adulthood. Using photovoice methodology, this study engaged 14 Iraqi and Syrian adolescent refugees now residing in the United States with the aim to illuminate their well‐being experiences. Our findings show that temporal continuities and discontinuities in adolescent refugees' lives con…

  • Values Informing Former Refugees' Good Life Experiences and Endeavors

    Mari Kira, Andrea Belgrade et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Immigrant & Refugee…•2023•References: 75

    We explore the role of personal values in the experiences and endeavors of a good life among Hmong and Somali former refugees who have resettled in the United States. Using thematic analysis of semi-structured qualitative interviews, we first identify and examine personal values central to their sense of a good life. With a person-centered analysis, we then highlight patterns showing how different values are related to one another in former refug…

  • Old Media, New Gigs: The Discursive Construction of the Gig Economy in Australian News Media

    Open Access•Luci Pangrazio, Cameron Bishop et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2023•Cited by: 9•References: 28

    This article analyses the representation of the gig economy in three Australian newspapers from 2014 to 2019. 'Gig work' is defined as short term, contract or freelance employment and is seen by many social institutions as the future of work. Drawing on a corpus of 426 articles, Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory is used to examine the construction of the 'gig economy' in the cultural imaginary. Five key elements emerge, including: demographics…

  • Finding strength in adversity: Exploring the process of posttraumatic growth among multicultural individuals

    Shima Sadaghiyani, Andrea Belgrade et al.•ARTICLE•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2022•Cited by: 2

    Together, these studies highlight the significance of including cumulative adversity in the posttraumatic growth process for multicultural individuals, while identifying appreciation of diversity and positive framing as potential postadversarial growth mechanisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

  • What makes us complete: Hybrid multicultural identity and its social contextual origins

    Open Access•Andrea Belgrade, Mari Kira et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Community Psychology•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 44

    Our research explores the experience of holding a Hybrid Multicultural Identity (a superordinate cultural identity; HMI) and the social contextual experiences hybrid multiculturals describe as influential to the development of an HMI. We conducted a Photovoice study with 10 hybrid multiculturals (age 18–32; 6 women and 4 men) living in a college town in the Midwestern US. The participants valued HMI for the psychological advantages they attribute…

  • Implicit theories of opportunity: When opportunity fails to knock, keep waiting, or start cultivating

    Open Access•Paul A O’Keefe, E J Horberg et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2022

    We live in a time of disappearing professions, pandemic-related upheaval, and growing social inequality. While recognizing that good opportunities are unequally distributed in society (an injustice that requires rectification), can beliefs about the nature and workings of opportunities help people see the door to their goals as more open than closed, and can these beliefs influence the likelihood of goal attainment? Seven studies ( N = 1,031) exa…

  • The Role of Stable Security in Resettled Refugees' Sense of Wellbeing

    Andrea Belgrade, Mari Kira et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Immigrant & Refugee…•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 32

    We examine resettled refugees’ construction of wellbeing using semi-structured interviews of Somali, Hmong, and Middle Eastern refugees in the United States and Canada. Resettled refugees’ descriptions of wellbeing center ‘stable security,’ an enduring sense of being secure in the world and in oneself. Stable security encompasses physical, psychological, and social experiences that, together, contribute to a sustained sense of being secure. The p…

  • Divided Loyalties: Identity Integration and Cultural Cues Predict Ingroup Favoritism Among Biculturals

    Open Access•Chi‐ying Cheng, Kathrin J Hanek et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 3•References: 55

  • Cultural adaptation and societal context: The role of historical heterogeneity in cultural adaptation of newcomers

    Open Access•Sarah T Huff, Kathrin J Hanek et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 44

  • A potential pitfall of integration: The case for identity conflict to facilitate social change

    Open Access•Andrea Belgrade, Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 1•References: 33

  • Neutralizing English: Han Suyin and the language politics of Third World literature

    Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•Journal of Postcolonial Writing•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 12

    The writings of Han Suyin during her sojourn in British Malaya from the 1950s to 1960s are a rich archive for understanding how the Cold War's impact on postcolonial nation-building contributed to the remaking of English as a supposedly neutral language. Han styled herself as a spokesperson for China to the English-speaking world during the early decades of communist rule. Her writings arguably helped to fashion English as a transparent medium fo…

  • Han Chinese racism and Malaysian contexts: Cosmopolitan racial formations in Tan Twan Eng’s The Garden of Evening Mists

    Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•Inter-Asia Cultural Studies•2019•Cited by: 3•References: 3

    This essay explores what it means to theorize Han racism in Malaysian contexts, where ethnic Chinese constitute a minority. Given the history of Malay political dominance and recent intensification of Malay-Muslim ethno-nationalism as part of a backlash against the historic change of government in 2018, theorizing Han racism might seem like a move to downplay these factors and minimize the various forms of racialized violence directed at Chinese …

  • Counting heads vs making heads count: Impact of numeric diversity and diversity climate on psychological outcomes for faculty of color

    Open Access•Egon Álvarez Vargas, Emily Vargas et al.•ARTICLE•Equal Opportunities International•2018•References: 47

    Purpose Research on organizational diversity initiatives generally focus on either numerical diversity or racial climate. Both facets of diversity are critical, however, research has rarely examined their impact simultaneously. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In the current study, the authors use the context of higher education, to examine how variations in the composite of numerical diversity and racial climat…

  • Perceived Discrimination and Intergroup Behaviors: The Role of Muslim and American Identity Integration

    Open Access•Muniba Saleem, Eric F Dubow et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2018•Cited by: 11•References: 58

    In this article, we test the proposition that identity integration-or perceptions of compatibility versus conflict between one's social identities-predicts behaviors in intergroup contexts. Using a sample of 171 Muslim Arab American adolescents aged 13 to 19, we examine the relations between identity integration of Muslim and American identities, experiences of discrimination, and intentions to avoid and approach members of the majority group. Fo…

  • Bicultural and Generalized Identity Integration Predicts Interpersonal Tolerance

    Open Access•Sarah T Huff, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2017•Cited by: 7•References: 66

    In this article, we test the hypothesis that individuals with higher levels of identity integration-or those who perceive their different social identities as more blended and harmonious-will exhibit greater interpersonal tolerance toward others holding dissimilar values and preferences. Three studies examined this hypothesis using bicultural identity integration (or perceived blendedness and harmony between multiple cultural identities) and gene…

  • People and Country: A Psychological and Contextual Perspective in Perceived Norms and Cultural Transmission

    Open Access•Sarah T Huff, Sarah Huff et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2015•Cited by: 2•References: 10

  • Variations in Multicultural Experience

    Veronica Benet-Martinez, Ying-Yi Hong et al.•CHAPTER•The Oxford Handbook of…•2014

  • Mosque-Based Emotional Support Among Young Muslim Americans

    Open Access•Ann W Nguyen, R J Taylor et al.•ARTICLE•Review of Religious Research•2013•Cited by: 10•References: 22

    Despite a growing literature on social support networks in religious settings (i.e., church-based social support), little is known about mosque-based support among Muslims. This study investigates the demographic and religious behavior correlates of mosque-based social support among a multi-racial and ethnic sample of 231 young Muslims from southeast Michigan. Several dimensions of mosque-based support are examined including receiving emotional s…

  • The Malleability of Bicultural Identity Integration (BII)

    Open Access•Chi-Ying Cheng, Chi‐ying Cheng et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2013•Cited by: 20•References: 13

    Bicultural Identity Integration (BII), or biculturals' perceived compatibility between their two cultural identities, has been found to predict a variety of psychological processes and behavioral outcomes. However, it is not clear why biculturals differ in their levels of BII. We suggest that the valence of bicultural experiences influences BII. Furthermore, we predict that biculturals' level of BII can be changed momentarily by recalling valence…

  • Complexity of culture: The role of identity and context in bicultural individuals' body ideals

    Mei Guan, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2012•Cited by: 7•References: 13

    Culture plays an important role in shaping body image, and people from different cultures have different beliefs about what constitutes the "ideal" body type. This study examines the relationship between culture and body ideals in Asian-American and Black-American women. Results from two studies show that subjective cultural identity and situational cultural cues had different relationships with body ideals. Among Asian-American women, identifica…

  • Identities in Harmony: Gender—Work Identity Integration Moderates Frame Switching in Cognitive Processing

    Open Access•Vera Sacharin, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2009•Cited by: 4•References: 8

    Professional women's identity integration—the perceived compatibility between work and gender identities—plays a role in how task or relationship information is processed. Seventy female business school students were primed with either their professional or their gender identity. Business women with higher identity integration showed an assimilation effect to the primed cue. Specifically, they showed higher task orientation than relationship orie…

  • Identities in Harmony: Gender-Work Identity Integration Moderates Frame Switching in Cognitive Processing

    Vera Sacharin, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2009•Cited by: 3•References: 12

    Professional women's identity integration—the perceived compatibility between work and gender identities—plays a role in how task or relationship information is processed. Seventy female business school students were primed with either their professional or their gender identity. Business women with higher identity integration showed an assimilation effect to the primed cue. Specifically, they showed higher task orientation than relationship orie…

Next
  • Negotiating Biculturalism: Cultural Frame Switching in Biculturals with Oppositional Versus Compatible Cultural Identities

    Open Access•Veronica Benet-Martinez, Janxin Leu et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2002•Cited by: 168•References: 50

    The authors propose that cultural frame shifting-shifting between two culturally based interpretative lenses in response to cultural cues-is moderated by perceived compatibility (vs. opposition) between the two cultural orientations, or bicultural identity integration (BII). Three studies found that Chinese American biculturals who perceived their cultural identities as compatible (high BII) responded in culturally congruent ways to cultural cues…

  • Multiracial Identity Integration: Perceptions of Conflict and Distance among Multiracial Individuals

    Open Access•Chi‐ying Cheng, Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•Journal of Social Issues•2009•Cited by: 66•References: 8

    This article examines how multiracial individuals negotiate their different and sometimes conflicting racial identities. Drawing from previous work on bicultural identity integration (see Benet‐Martínez & Haritatos, 2005 ), we proposed a new construct, multiracial identity integration (MII), to measure individual differences in perceptions of compatibility between multiple racial identities. We found that MII is composed of two independent subsca…

  • Biculturalism and Cognitive Complexity: Expertise in Cultural Representations

    Open Access•Veronica Benet-Martinez, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2006•Cited by: 60•References: 44

    To explore the possible cognitive consequences of biculturalism, the authors examine the complexity of cultural representations in monocultural and bicultural individuals. Study 1 found that Chinese American biculturals' free descriptions of both American and Chinese cultures are higher in cognitive complexity than that of Anglo-American monoculturals, but the same effect was not apparent in descriptions of culturally neutral entities (landscapes…

  • Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Cultural Frame Switching: Bicultural Identity Integration and Valence of Cultural Cues

    Open Access•Chi-Ying Cheng, Chi‐ying Cheng et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2006•Cited by: 34•References: 44

    This study examines how the valence of cultural cues in the environment moderates the way biculturals shift between multiple cultural identities. The authors found that when exposed to positive cultural cues, biculturals who perceive their cultural identities as compatible (high bicultural identity integration, or high BII) respond in culturally congruent ways, whereas biculturals who perceive their cultural identities as conflicting (low BII) re…

  • The Malleability of Bicultural Identity Integration (BII)

    Open Access•Chi-Ying Cheng, Chi‐ying Cheng et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2013•Cited by: 20•References: 13

    Bicultural Identity Integration (BII), or biculturals' perceived compatibility between their two cultural identities, has been found to predict a variety of psychological processes and behavioral outcomes. However, it is not clear why biculturals differ in their levels of BII. We suggest that the valence of bicultural experiences influences BII. Furthermore, we predict that biculturals' level of BII can be changed momentarily by recalling valence…

  • Conversing across cultures: East-West communication styles in work and nonwork contexts

    Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks, Jeffrey Sanchez‐Burks et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003•Cited by: 14•References: 22

    Four experiments provided evidence that East-West differences in attention to indirect meaning are more pronounced in work settings compared with nonwork settings as suggested by prior research on Protestant relational ideology. Study 1 compared errors in interpreting indirect messages in work and nonwork contexts across three cultures. Studies 2 and 3 examined differences in self-reported indirectness with coworkers versus nonwork acquaintances …

  • Perceived Discrimination and Intergroup Behaviors: The Role of Muslim and American Identity Integration

    Open Access•Muniba Saleem, Eric F Dubow et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2018•Cited by: 11•References: 58

    In this article, we test the proposition that identity integration-or perceptions of compatibility versus conflict between one's social identities-predicts behaviors in intergroup contexts. Using a sample of 171 Muslim Arab American adolescents aged 13 to 19, we examine the relations between identity integration of Muslim and American identities, experiences of discrimination, and intentions to avoid and approach members of the majority group. Fo…

  • Mosque-Based Emotional Support Among Young Muslim Americans

    Open Access•Ann W Nguyen, R J Taylor et al.•ARTICLE•Review of Religious Research•2013•Cited by: 10•References: 22

    Despite a growing literature on social support networks in religious settings (i.e., church-based social support), little is known about mosque-based support among Muslims. This study investigates the demographic and religious behavior correlates of mosque-based social support among a multi-racial and ethnic sample of 231 young Muslims from southeast Michigan. Several dimensions of mosque-based support are examined including receiving emotional s…

  • Old Media, New Gigs: The Discursive Construction of the Gig Economy in Australian News Media

    Open Access•Luci Pangrazio, Cameron Bishop et al.•ARTICLE•Work Employment and Society•2023•Cited by: 9•References: 28

    This article analyses the representation of the gig economy in three Australian newspapers from 2014 to 2019. 'Gig work' is defined as short term, contract or freelance employment and is seen by many social institutions as the future of work. Drawing on a corpus of 426 articles, Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory is used to examine the construction of the 'gig economy' in the cultural imaginary. Five key elements emerge, including: demographics…

  • Bicultural and Generalized Identity Integration Predicts Interpersonal Tolerance

    Open Access•Sarah T Huff, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2017•Cited by: 7•References: 66

    In this article, we test the hypothesis that individuals with higher levels of identity integration-or those who perceive their different social identities as more blended and harmonious-will exhibit greater interpersonal tolerance toward others holding dissimilar values and preferences. Three studies examined this hypothesis using bicultural identity integration (or perceived blendedness and harmony between multiple cultural identities) and gene…

  • Complexity of culture: The role of identity and context in bicultural individuals' body ideals

    Mei Guan, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2012•Cited by: 7•References: 13

    Culture plays an important role in shaping body image, and people from different cultures have different beliefs about what constitutes the "ideal" body type. This study examines the relationship between culture and body ideals in Asian-American and Black-American women. Results from two studies show that subjective cultural identity and situational cultural cues had different relationships with body ideals. Among Asian-American women, identifica…

  • Do situational expectations produce situational inferences? The role of future expectations in directing inferential goals

    Fiona Lee, Mark Hallahan•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2001•Cited by: 7•References: 54

    Little is known about the conditions that lead observers to adopt different inferential goals in the context of their everyday lives. Four studies examined whether future expectations created situational inferential goals. In 2 quasiexperimental studies, students made more situational inferences for targets in their expected future careers. In 2 experiments, situational expectations were manipulated, and participants made more situational inferen…

  • It's Not Just Whether You Win Or Lose,It's also Where You Play the Game: A Naturalistic, Cross-Cultural Examination of the Positivity Bias

    Open Access•Mark Hallahan, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•1997•Cited by: 5•References: 34

    The positivity bias-the tendency to make internal attributions for others' successes and external attributions for others' failures-was examined in newspaper sports articles from the United States and Hong Kong. The positivity bias was observed in both cultures; however, the cultures manifested this bias differently. There was a greater emphasis on enhancing winners (making internal attributions for successes) in the United States and on protecti…

  • Identities in Harmony: Gender—Work Identity Integration Moderates Frame Switching in Cognitive Processing

    Open Access•Vera Sacharin, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2009•Cited by: 4•References: 8

    Professional women's identity integration—the perceived compatibility between work and gender identities—plays a role in how task or relationship information is processed. Seventy female business school students were primed with either their professional or their gender identity. Business women with higher identity integration showed an assimilation effect to the primed cue. Specifically, they showed higher task orientation than relationship orie…

  • What makes us complete: Hybrid multicultural identity and its social contextual origins

    Open Access•Andrea Belgrade, Mari Kira et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Community Psychology•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 44

    Our research explores the experience of holding a Hybrid Multicultural Identity (a superordinate cultural identity; HMI) and the social contextual experiences hybrid multiculturals describe as influential to the development of an HMI. We conducted a Photovoice study with 10 hybrid multiculturals (age 18–32; 6 women and 4 men) living in a college town in the Midwestern US. The participants valued HMI for the psychological advantages they attribute…

  • The Role of Stable Security in Resettled Refugees' Sense of Wellbeing

    Andrea Belgrade, Mari Kira et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Immigrant & Refugee…•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 32

    We examine resettled refugees’ construction of wellbeing using semi-structured interviews of Somali, Hmong, and Middle Eastern refugees in the United States and Canada. Resettled refugees’ descriptions of wellbeing center ‘stable security,’ an enduring sense of being secure in the world and in oneself. Stable security encompasses physical, psychological, and social experiences that, together, contribute to a sustained sense of being secure. The p…

  • Divided Loyalties: Identity Integration and Cultural Cues Predict Ingroup Favoritism Among Biculturals

    Open Access•Chi‐ying Cheng, Kathrin J Hanek et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 3•References: 55

  • Han Chinese racism and Malaysian contexts: Cosmopolitan racial formations in Tan Twan Eng’s The Garden of Evening Mists

    Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•Inter-Asia Cultural Studies•2019•Cited by: 3•References: 3

    This essay explores what it means to theorize Han racism in Malaysian contexts, where ethnic Chinese constitute a minority. Given the history of Malay political dominance and recent intensification of Malay-Muslim ethno-nationalism as part of a backlash against the historic change of government in 2018, theorizing Han racism might seem like a move to downplay these factors and minimize the various forms of racialized violence directed at Chinese …

  • Identities in Harmony: Gender-Work Identity Integration Moderates Frame Switching in Cognitive Processing

    Vera Sacharin, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2009•Cited by: 3•References: 12

    Professional women's identity integration—the perceived compatibility between work and gender identities—plays a role in how task or relationship information is processed. Seventy female business school students were primed with either their professional or their gender identity. Business women with higher identity integration showed an assimilation effect to the primed cue. Specifically, they showed higher task orientation than relationship orie…

  • Finding strength in adversity: Exploring the process of posttraumatic growth among multicultural individuals

    Shima Sadaghiyani, Andrea Belgrade et al.•ARTICLE•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2022•Cited by: 2

    Together, these studies highlight the significance of including cumulative adversity in the posttraumatic growth process for multicultural individuals, while identifying appreciation of diversity and positive framing as potential postadversarial growth mechanisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

  • Cultural adaptation and societal context: The role of historical heterogeneity in cultural adaptation of newcomers

    Open Access•Sarah T Huff, Kathrin J Hanek et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 44

  • Neutralizing English: Han Suyin and the language politics of Third World literature

    Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•Journal of Postcolonial Writing•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 12

    The writings of Han Suyin during her sojourn in British Malaya from the 1950s to 1960s are a rich archive for understanding how the Cold War's impact on postcolonial nation-building contributed to the remaking of English as a supposedly neutral language. Han styled herself as a spokesperson for China to the English-speaking world during the early decades of communist rule. Her writings arguably helped to fashion English as a transparent medium fo…

  • People and Country: A Psychological and Contextual Perspective in Perceived Norms and Cultural Transmission

    Open Access•Sarah T Huff, Sarah Huff et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2015•Cited by: 2•References: 10

  • A potential pitfall of integration: The case for identity conflict to facilitate social change

    Open Access•Andrea Belgrade, Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 1•References: 33

  • More than words: Linguistic and nonlinguistic politeness in two cultures

    Nalini Ambady, Jasook Koo et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996•Cited by: 1

    This article extends the validity of politeness theory ( P. Brown & S. Levinson, 1987) by investigating the nonlinguistic aspects of politeness in 2 cultures. Politeness strategies expressed through different channels of communication (silent video, speech, full-channel video and audio, and transcripts of speech) were examined, and it was found that politeness strategies were communicated nonlinguistically as well as linguistically and that nonli…

  • More than words: Linguistic and nonlinguistic politeness in two cultures

    Nalini Ambady, Jasook Koo et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996•Cited by: 1

    This article extends the validity of politeness theory ( P. Brown & S. Levinson, 1987) by investigating the nonlinguistic aspects of politeness in 2 cultures. Politeness strategies expressed through different channels of communication (silent video, speech, full-channel video and audio, and transcripts of speech) were examined, and it was found that politeness strategies were communicated nonlinguistically as well as linguistically and that nonli…

  • It's Not Just Whether You Win Or Lose,It's also Where You Play the Game: A Naturalistic, Cross-Cultural Examination of the Positivity Bias

    Open Access•Mark Hallahan, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•1997•Cited by: 5•References: 34

    The positivity bias-the tendency to make internal attributions for others' successes and external attributions for others' failures-was examined in newspaper sports articles from the United States and Hong Kong. The positivity bias was observed in both cultures; however, the cultures manifested this bias differently. There was a greater emphasis on enhancing winners (making internal attributions for successes) in the United States and on protecti…

  • Do situational expectations produce situational inferences? The role of future expectations in directing inferential goals

    Fiona Lee, Mark Hallahan•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2001•Cited by: 7•References: 54

    Little is known about the conditions that lead observers to adopt different inferential goals in the context of their everyday lives. Four studies examined whether future expectations created situational inferential goals. In 2 quasiexperimental studies, students made more situational inferences for targets in their expected future careers. In 2 experiments, situational expectations were manipulated, and participants made more situational inferen…

  • Negotiating Biculturalism: Cultural Frame Switching in Biculturals with Oppositional Versus Compatible Cultural Identities

    Open Access•Veronica Benet-Martinez, Janxin Leu et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2002•Cited by: 168•References: 50

    The authors propose that cultural frame shifting-shifting between two culturally based interpretative lenses in response to cultural cues-is moderated by perceived compatibility (vs. opposition) between the two cultural orientations, or bicultural identity integration (BII). Three studies found that Chinese American biculturals who perceived their cultural identities as compatible (high BII) responded in culturally congruent ways to cultural cues…

  • Conversing across cultures: East-West communication styles in work and nonwork contexts

    Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks, Jeffrey Sanchez‐Burks et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003•Cited by: 14•References: 22

    Four experiments provided evidence that East-West differences in attention to indirect meaning are more pronounced in work settings compared with nonwork settings as suggested by prior research on Protestant relational ideology. Study 1 compared errors in interpreting indirect messages in work and nonwork contexts across three cultures. Studies 2 and 3 examined differences in self-reported indirectness with coworkers versus nonwork acquaintances …

  • Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Cultural Frame Switching: Bicultural Identity Integration and Valence of Cultural Cues

    Open Access•Chi-Ying Cheng, Chi‐ying Cheng et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2006•Cited by: 34•References: 44

    This study examines how the valence of cultural cues in the environment moderates the way biculturals shift between multiple cultural identities. The authors found that when exposed to positive cultural cues, biculturals who perceive their cultural identities as compatible (high bicultural identity integration, or high BII) respond in culturally congruent ways, whereas biculturals who perceive their cultural identities as conflicting (low BII) re…

  • Biculturalism and Cognitive Complexity: Expertise in Cultural Representations

    Open Access•Veronica Benet-Martinez, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2006•Cited by: 60•References: 44

    To explore the possible cognitive consequences of biculturalism, the authors examine the complexity of cultural representations in monocultural and bicultural individuals. Study 1 found that Chinese American biculturals' free descriptions of both American and Chinese cultures are higher in cognitive complexity than that of Anglo-American monoculturals, but the same effect was not apparent in descriptions of culturally neutral entities (landscapes…

  • Connecting the Dots Within: Creative Performance and Identity Integration

    Open Access•Chi-Ying Cheng, Chi‐ying Cheng et al.•ARTICLE•Psychological Science•2008

    In two studies drawing from social identity theory and the creative-cognition approach, we found that higher levels of identity integration—perceived compatibility between two social identities—predict higher levels of creative performance in tasks that draw on both identity-relevant knowledge domains. Study 1 showed that Asian Americans with higher identity integration were more creative in developing new dishes using a given set of ingredients,…

  • Identities in Harmony: Gender—Work Identity Integration Moderates Frame Switching in Cognitive Processing

    Open Access•Vera Sacharin, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2009•Cited by: 4•References: 8

    Professional women's identity integration—the perceived compatibility between work and gender identities—plays a role in how task or relationship information is processed. Seventy female business school students were primed with either their professional or their gender identity. Business women with higher identity integration showed an assimilation effect to the primed cue. Specifically, they showed higher task orientation than relationship orie…

  • Identities in Harmony: Gender-Work Identity Integration Moderates Frame Switching in Cognitive Processing

    Vera Sacharin, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2009•Cited by: 3•References: 12

    Professional women's identity integration—the perceived compatibility between work and gender identities—plays a role in how task or relationship information is processed. Seventy female business school students were primed with either their professional or their gender identity. Business women with higher identity integration showed an assimilation effect to the primed cue. Specifically, they showed higher task orientation than relationship orie…

  • Multiracial Identity Integration: Perceptions of Conflict and Distance among Multiracial Individuals

    Open Access•Chi‐ying Cheng, Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•Journal of Social Issues•2009•Cited by: 66•References: 8

    This article examines how multiracial individuals negotiate their different and sometimes conflicting racial identities. Drawing from previous work on bicultural identity integration (see Benet‐Martínez & Haritatos, 2005 ), we proposed a new construct, multiracial identity integration (MII), to measure individual differences in perceptions of compatibility between multiple racial identities. We found that MII is composed of two independent subsca…

  • Complexity of culture: The role of identity and context in bicultural individuals' body ideals

    Mei Guan, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2012•Cited by: 7•References: 13

    Culture plays an important role in shaping body image, and people from different cultures have different beliefs about what constitutes the "ideal" body type. This study examines the relationship between culture and body ideals in Asian-American and Black-American women. Results from two studies show that subjective cultural identity and situational cultural cues had different relationships with body ideals. Among Asian-American women, identifica…

  • Mosque-Based Emotional Support Among Young Muslim Americans

    Open Access•Ann W Nguyen, R J Taylor et al.•ARTICLE•Review of Religious Research•2013•Cited by: 10•References: 22

    Despite a growing literature on social support networks in religious settings (i.e., church-based social support), little is known about mosque-based support among Muslims. This study investigates the demographic and religious behavior correlates of mosque-based social support among a multi-racial and ethnic sample of 231 young Muslims from southeast Michigan. Several dimensions of mosque-based support are examined including receiving emotional s…

  • The Malleability of Bicultural Identity Integration (BII)

    Open Access•Chi-Ying Cheng, Chi‐ying Cheng et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2013•Cited by: 20•References: 13

    Bicultural Identity Integration (BII), or biculturals' perceived compatibility between their two cultural identities, has been found to predict a variety of psychological processes and behavioral outcomes. However, it is not clear why biculturals differ in their levels of BII. We suggest that the valence of bicultural experiences influences BII. Furthermore, we predict that biculturals' level of BII can be changed momentarily by recalling valence…

  • Variations in Multicultural Experience

    Veronica Benet-Martinez, Ying-Yi Hong et al.•CHAPTER•The Oxford Handbook of…•2014

  • People and Country: A Psychological and Contextual Perspective in Perceived Norms and Cultural Transmission

    Open Access•Sarah T Huff, Sarah Huff et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2015•Cited by: 2•References: 10

  • Bicultural and Generalized Identity Integration Predicts Interpersonal Tolerance

    Open Access•Sarah T Huff, Fiona Lee et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2017•Cited by: 7•References: 66

    In this article, we test the hypothesis that individuals with higher levels of identity integration-or those who perceive their different social identities as more blended and harmonious-will exhibit greater interpersonal tolerance toward others holding dissimilar values and preferences. Three studies examined this hypothesis using bicultural identity integration (or perceived blendedness and harmony between multiple cultural identities) and gene…

  • Counting heads vs making heads count: Impact of numeric diversity and diversity climate on psychological outcomes for faculty of color

    Open Access•Egon Álvarez Vargas, Emily Vargas et al.•ARTICLE•Equal Opportunities International•2018•References: 47

    Purpose Research on organizational diversity initiatives generally focus on either numerical diversity or racial climate. Both facets of diversity are critical, however, research has rarely examined their impact simultaneously. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In the current study, the authors use the context of higher education, to examine how variations in the composite of numerical diversity and racial climat…

  • Perceived Discrimination and Intergroup Behaviors: The Role of Muslim and American Identity Integration

    Open Access•Muniba Saleem, Eric F Dubow et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2018•Cited by: 11•References: 58

    In this article, we test the proposition that identity integration-or perceptions of compatibility versus conflict between one's social identities-predicts behaviors in intergroup contexts. Using a sample of 171 Muslim Arab American adolescents aged 13 to 19, we examine the relations between identity integration of Muslim and American identities, experiences of discrimination, and intentions to avoid and approach members of the majority group. Fo…

  • Han Chinese racism and Malaysian contexts: Cosmopolitan racial formations in Tan Twan Eng’s The Garden of Evening Mists

    Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•Inter-Asia Cultural Studies•2019•Cited by: 3•References: 3

    This essay explores what it means to theorize Han racism in Malaysian contexts, where ethnic Chinese constitute a minority. Given the history of Malay political dominance and recent intensification of Malay-Muslim ethno-nationalism as part of a backlash against the historic change of government in 2018, theorizing Han racism might seem like a move to downplay these factors and minimize the various forms of racialized violence directed at Chinese …

  • Divided Loyalties: Identity Integration and Cultural Cues Predict Ingroup Favoritism Among Biculturals

    Open Access•Chi‐ying Cheng, Kathrin J Hanek et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 3•References: 55

  • Cultural adaptation and societal context: The role of historical heterogeneity in cultural adaptation of newcomers

    Open Access•Sarah T Huff, Kathrin J Hanek et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 44

  • A potential pitfall of integration: The case for identity conflict to facilitate social change

    Open Access•Andrea Belgrade, Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2021•Cited by: 1•References: 33

  • Neutralizing English: Han Suyin and the language politics of Third World literature

    Fiona Lee•ARTICLE•Journal of Postcolonial Writing•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 12

    The writings of Han Suyin during her sojourn in British Malaya from the 1950s to 1960s are a rich archive for understanding how the Cold War's impact on postcolonial nation-building contributed to the remaking of English as a supposedly neutral language. Han styled herself as a spokesperson for China to the English-speaking world during the early decades of communist rule. Her writings arguably helped to fashion English as a transparent medium fo…

  • Finding strength in adversity: Exploring the process of posttraumatic growth among multicultural individuals

    Shima Sadaghiyani, Andrea Belgrade et al.•ARTICLE•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2022•Cited by: 2

    Together, these studies highlight the significance of including cumulative adversity in the posttraumatic growth process for multicultural individuals, while identifying appreciation of diversity and positive framing as potential postadversarial growth mechanisms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Psychology (32 works) · Social Psychology (28 works) · Sociology (22 works) · Social Psychology (20 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (18 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (17 works) · Identity (music (11 works) · Political science (11 works) · Cultural diversity (7 works) · Cultural identity (7 works)

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