John P Houston
Biographic Data
| ID | 3787413 |
|---|---|
| NAME | John P Houston |
| GIVEN NAMES | John P |
| FAMILY NAME | Houston |
| SIGNATURE | HOUSTON J P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Los Angeles |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 6 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 14 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1961 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Untutored Lay Knowledge of the Principles of Psychology
50 volunteer subjects without psychological training were paid $5 to answer 21 multiple-choice questions, each of which embodied one principle of learning or memory. 76% of the questions were answered correctly more often than chance. Number of questions answered correctly correlated positively with subjects' ages when the effect of education was partialed out. Number correct also correlated positively with education when age was partialed out. T…
Psychology
To estimate the self-evidence of basic principles of psychology, 50 UCLA introductory psychology students answered 21 multiple-choice questions each embodying one learning or memory phenomenon. 71% of the items were answered correctly more often than chance. The probability of an item being answered correctly was unrelated to the subjects' familiarity with the names of the phenomena and unrelated to professional psychologists' ratings of the impo…
Transfer of Old Associations to New Problems
Two experiments, involving 120 subjects, examined the influence of previously established associations on solution of the candle-on-the-wall problem. In Exp. I, subjects first learning a list-embedded, relevant association were more likely to solve the problem than control subjects who had learned a list-embedded, irrelevant association. The facilitative effect was greatest when subjects were informed, prior to the attempted solution, that one me…
Further Evidence on Smoking and Anxiety
Smoking and Anxiety
460 of 1025 contacted individuals completed the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and a questionnaire on smoking behavior. The data indicated that smokers, as a group, scored higher on the anxiety scale than nonsmokers. No support for the notion of a significant correlation between amount of smoking and level of anxiety was obtained. Ss reported increases in smoking behavior during periods of stress but indicated that these increases were usually not…
Another Failure for Motivation to Enhance Trace Retrieval
The relationship between motivation and memory was examined when the motivation was introduced during the retention test. It was found that the paced and free recall of a paired-associates list were not enhanced by the presence of a large monetary reward for correct performance
Harmony of the Osgood and Houston Transfer Surfaces
The transfer paradigms discussed by Thompson may be useful in testing the combined effects of Houston- and Osgood-types of similarities, but it is a mistake to state that either surface, by itself, predicts over-all transfer in these situations
Relation between Judged Meaning Similarity, Associative Probability, and Associative Overlap
With a list of 24 word pairs it was found that judged similarity is highly related to normative associative overlap with the effects of normative word association probability partialled out but that similarity is not related to word association probability when the effect of normative overlap is partialled out
The Informational Basis of Judged Complexity
Supplementary Note
18 Michigan undergraduates were read a list of 20 word pairs which varied systematically in terms of both word association strength and associative overlap. An attempt was made to reduce intentional learning of the pairs. Following 40 min. of interpolated paper-and-pencil activity Ss were presented the stimuli and asked to recall the responses. Both word association and associative overlap strength correlated positively with recall. These results…
Correlation between Word Association Strength and Associative Overlap
Two measures of natural, or pre-experimental, language habits which have received considerable attention in the recent verbal learning literature may be described as word association strength (Russell & Jenkins, 1954) and associative overlap (Deese, 1962). The two indices have seldom been compared. The intent of the present srudy was to determine the gross relationship between them by correlaring values obtained with the two techniques across a l…
Clustering in Recall as a Function of Associative Overlap
100 Ss were read a list of words which, while possessing minimal inter-item word association strength, varied in terms of the degree of inter-item associative overlap. An examination of immediate recall data revealed that clustering in recall was highly correlated with degree of associative overlap when word association strength was minimal
Creativity and the need for novelty
The effects of creativity, norm distance, and instructions on social influence1
The effects of creativity, norm distance, and instructions on social influence1
Correlation between Word Association Strength and Associative Overlap
Two measures of natural, or pre-experimental, language habits which have received considerable attention in the recent verbal learning literature may be described as word association strength (Russell & Jenkins, 1954) and associative overlap (Deese, 1962). The two indices have seldom been compared. The intent of the present srudy was to determine the gross relationship between them by correlaring values obtained with the two techniques across a l…
Clustering in Recall as a Function of Associative Overlap
100 Ss were read a list of words which, while possessing minimal inter-item word association strength, varied in terms of the degree of inter-item associative overlap. An examination of immediate recall data revealed that clustering in recall was highly correlated with degree of associative overlap when word association strength was minimal
Creativity and the need for novelty
Supplementary Note
18 Michigan undergraduates were read a list of 20 word pairs which varied systematically in terms of both word association strength and associative overlap. An attempt was made to reduce intentional learning of the pairs. Following 40 min. of interpolated paper-and-pencil activity Ss were presented the stimuli and asked to recall the responses. Both word association and associative overlap strength correlated positively with recall. These results…
Relation between Judged Meaning Similarity, Associative Probability, and Associative Overlap
With a list of 24 word pairs it was found that judged similarity is highly related to normative associative overlap with the effects of normative word association probability partialled out but that similarity is not related to word association probability when the effect of normative overlap is partialled out
The Informational Basis of Judged Complexity
Another Failure for Motivation to Enhance Trace Retrieval
The relationship between motivation and memory was examined when the motivation was introduced during the retention test. It was found that the paced and free recall of a paired-associates list were not enhanced by the presence of a large monetary reward for correct performance
Harmony of the Osgood and Houston Transfer Surfaces
The transfer paradigms discussed by Thompson may be useful in testing the combined effects of Houston- and Osgood-types of similarities, but it is a mistake to state that either surface, by itself, predicts over-all transfer in these situations
Smoking and Anxiety
460 of 1025 contacted individuals completed the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and a questionnaire on smoking behavior. The data indicated that smokers, as a group, scored higher on the anxiety scale than nonsmokers. No support for the notion of a significant correlation between amount of smoking and level of anxiety was obtained. Ss reported increases in smoking behavior during periods of stress but indicated that these increases were usually not…
Further Evidence on Smoking and Anxiety
Transfer of Old Associations to New Problems
Two experiments, involving 120 subjects, examined the influence of previously established associations on solution of the candle-on-the-wall problem. In Exp. I, subjects first learning a list-embedded, relevant association were more likely to solve the problem than control subjects who had learned a list-embedded, irrelevant association. The facilitative effect was greatest when subjects were informed, prior to the attempted solution, that one me…
Psychology
To estimate the self-evidence of basic principles of psychology, 50 UCLA introductory psychology students answered 21 multiple-choice questions each embodying one learning or memory phenomenon. 71% of the items were answered correctly more often than chance. The probability of an item being answered correctly was unrelated to the subjects' familiarity with the names of the phenomena and unrelated to professional psychologists' ratings of the impo…
Untutored Lay Knowledge of the Principles of Psychology
50 volunteer subjects without psychological training were paid $5 to answer 21 multiple-choice questions, each of which embodied one principle of learning or memory. 76% of the questions were answered correctly more often than chance. Number of questions answered correctly correlated positively with subjects' ages when the effect of education was partialed out. Number correct also correlated positively with education when age was partialed out. T…
Psychology (13 works) · Cognitive psychology (9 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Association (psychology (5 works) · Mathematics (5 works) · Artificial Intelligence (4 works) · Artificial Intelligence (4 works) · Associative property (4 works)