C R Snyder
Biographic Data
| ID | 3801946 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C R Snyder |
| GIVEN NAMES | C R |
| FAMILY NAME | Snyder |
| SIGNATURE | SNYDER C R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Kansas |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3341-0490 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 84 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 570 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 79 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 5 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1951 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Factors Related To Improving the Quality of Cervical Cancer Screening for Women Living with HIV in La Romana, Dominican Republic: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death, especially among women living with HIV (WLH). This qualitative study explored barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening from the perspective of healthcare providers and WLH at Clínica de Familia La Romana, a large primary care clinic that specializes in HIV in the Dominican Republic. Ten providers and 25 WLH participated in interviews, which were analyzed in Dedoose usi…
We can’t help who we love: The impact of relationship dynamics on women’s HIV prevention strategies
Relationship dynamics can influence sexual health outcomes and may affect engagement with HIV prevention strategies. This qualitative study explored how women's perceived relationship dynamics impacted their HIV prevention strategies, including condom and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) use, and HIV testing. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 women at higher risk of HIV acquisition and 40 women living with HIV in the USA, recruited…
A multimodal approach to support teacher, researcher and AI collaboration in STEM +C learning environments
Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) and multimodal learning analytics (MMLA) have allowed for new and creative ways of leveraging AI to support K12 students' collaborative learning in STEM+C domains. To date, there is little evidence of AI methods supporting students' collaboration in complex, open‐ended environments. AI systems are known to underperform humans in (1) interpreting students' emotions in learning contexts, (2…
Integrating Data Science Into Undergraduate Science and Engineering Courses: Lessons Learned by Instructors in a Multiuniversity Research-Practice Partnership
Contribution: This article discusses a research-practice partnership (RPP) where instructors from six undergraduate courses in three universities developed data science modules tailored to the needs of their respective disciplines, academic levels, and pedagogies. Background: STEM disciplines at universities are incorporating data science topics to meet employer demands for data science-savvy graduates. Integrating these topics into regular cours…
Positive Psychology: The Scientific and Practical Explorations of Human Strengths
Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures
Positive Psychology: The Scientific and Practical Explorations of Human Strengths
The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3rd Edition
This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title w…
The Agentic Self: On the Nature and Origins of Personal Agency Across the Life Span
This handbook is the first volume to provide a comprehensive look at personality development. It features a state-of-the-art examination of the field, an area that is enjoying a resurgence in popularity. Five major types of advances, all of which are represented in this volume, are the result of the recent burst in research activity in this area: 1) new theoretical perspectives, 2) higher-quality empirical studies, 3) more sophisticated research …
The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology
The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology studies the burgeoning field of positive psychology, which, in recent years, has transcended academia to capture the imagination of the general public. The book provides a roadmap for the psychology needed by the majority of the population—those who don’t need treatment, but want to achieve the lives to which they aspire. The articles summarize all of the relevant literature in the field, and each is ess…
Meaning in Life
In this chapter, it is argued that meaning in life is an important variable for human well-being. Literature supporting this contention is reviewed, and complexities regarding defining meaning in life are discussed. Definitions of meaning have focused on several components, two of which appear central and unique to meaning in life, suggesting a conceptual framework of meaning in life comprised of two pillars: comprehension and purpose. Comprehens…
Subjective Well-Being: The Science of Happiness and Life Satisfaction
This chapter reviews the scientific research on subjective well-being. Subjective well-being consists of a person's cognitive and affective evaluations of his or her life. First, the authors will provide a brief historical review of research on subjective well-being. Second, they will summarize the main measurement issues (e.g., the validity of self-reports, memory bias). Third, they will present the major theoretical approaches to this area of r…
The Effectiveness of a Hope Intervention in Coping with Cold Pressor Pain
Hope has been correlated with greater pain tolerance and thresholds and less reported pain severity. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a brief hope-based intervention involving guided imagery and skills instruction aimed at enhancing pain coping skills among university students performing the cold pressor task. The intervention resulted in increased hope among females and increased pain tolerance in all participants. The interve…
Hope and optimism as related to life satisfaction
This study explored the hope and optimism constructs and their unique variances in predicting life satisfaction. The subscales (Agency and Pathways) of the Adult Hope Scale (Snyder, Harris et al., 1991 Snyder, CR, Harris, C, Anderson, JR, Holleran, SA, Irving, LMSigmon, ST. 1991. The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60: 570–585. [Crossref], [P…
Positive psychology: The Scientific and Practical Explorations of Human Strengths
Obituary
Hope Therapy in a Community Sample: A Pilot Investigation
Hope and the Meaningful Life: Theoretical and Empirical Associations Between Goal–Directed Thinking and Life Meaning
In this article, important theories of life meaning are discussed, as are the hypothesized effects of meaning on anxiety and depression. A commonality among these theories—hopeful thinking—is highlighted in the context of a goal–directed model of hope (Snyder et al., 1991). It is proposed that hope is a component common to all theories of meaning. We administered scales of meaning, hope, depression, and anxiety to 139 college students. Factor ana…
Hope Against the Cold: Individual Differences in Trait Hope and Acute Pain Tolerance on the Cold Pressor Task
Hope theory (see Snyder, 1994 ) is presented as a useful framework for understanding reactions to pain. In Study 1, persons scoring higher on the trait Hope Scale ( Snyder, Harris et al., 1991 ) kept their hands in the freezing water (of a cold pressor task) for significantly longer. In Study 2, the higher‐hope males, and not females, as measured by both trait and state hope ( Snyder, Sympson et al., 1996 ), recognized the onset of the pain thres…
Dispositional Forgiveness of Self, Others, and Situations
Six studies regarding forgiveness are presented. The Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), a self‐report measure of dispositional forgiveness (with subscales to assess forgiveness of self, others, and situations) was developed and demonstrated good psychometric properties. Forgiveness correlated positively with cognitive flexibility, positive affect, and distraction; it correlated negatively with rumination, vengeance, and hostility. Forgiveness pre…
Getting Unstuck: The Roles of Hope, Finding Meaning, and Rumination in the Adjustment to Bereavement among College Students
The relationships between hope, bereavement-related rumination, and finding meaning (making sense and benefit finding) were examined in 158 college students who experienced the death of a loved one within the latter half of their lives. Greater rumination was related significantly to lessened psychological well-being, and it mediated the relationship between being able to make sense of the death and superior well-being. Finding benefits in bereav…
Research: Measuring Private Prayer: Development, Validation, and Clinical Application of the Multidimensional Prayer Inventory
A theoretically derived, empirically validated multidimensional inventory of prayer is described. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of prayer are measured, including occurrence, weekly frequency, daily frequency, duration, type (adoration, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, reception), and level of faith in the effects of prayer. Results revealed the posited 5 distinct types of prayer, along with acceptable internal consistency, conv…
Hope theory, measurements, and applications to school psychology.
Hope and academic success in college.
A cognitive, motivational theory is introduced to the educational research community. Hope theory integrates the conceptualization of goals, along with the strategies to achieve those goals (pathways), and the motivation to pursue those goals (agency). In a 6-year longitudinal study, individual differences in hope, as measured by the Hope Scale (C. R. Snyder et al., 1991) scores of entering college freshmen, predicted better overall grade point a…
Target Article: Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind
Hope is defined as the perceived capability to derive pathways to desired goals, and motivate oneself via agency thinking to use those pathways. The adult and child hope scales that are derived from hope theory are described. Hope theory is compared to theories of learned optimism, optimism, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Higher hope consistently is related to better outcomes in academics, athletics, physical health, psychological adjustment, an…
The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope
Development and validation of the State Hope Scale
Defining hope as a cognitive set comprising agency (belief in one's capacity to initiate and sustain actions) and pathways (belief in one's capacity to generate routes) to reach goals, the Hope Scale was developed and validated previously as a dispositional self-report measure of hope (Snyder et al., 1991). The present 4 studies were designed to develop and validate a measure of state hope. The 6-item State Hope Scale is internally consistent and…
Excuses: Their effective role in the negotiation of reality
Hope Therapy in a Community Sample: A Pilot Investigation
Distancing after group success and failure: Basking in reflected glory and cutting off reflected failure
Experience menee dans une population d'etudiants pour tester deux tendances dans la manipulation des relations avec autrui: celle de jouir dans le partage de sa reussite et celle de se retirer face a l'experience de son echec
Role of hope in academic and sport achievement
Getting Unstuck: The Roles of Hope, Finding Meaning, and Rumination in the Adjustment to Bereavement among College Students
The relationships between hope, bereavement-related rumination, and finding meaning (making sense and benefit finding) were examined in 158 college students who experienced the death of a loved one within the latter half of their lives. Greater rumination was related significantly to lessened psychological well-being, and it mediated the relationship between being able to make sense of the death and superior well-being. Finding benefits in bereav…
Gender differences in coping: A further test of socialization and role constraint theories
On the self-serving function of an academic wooden leg: Test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy
The present study investigated the hypothesis that psychological symptoms may serve a self-protective function by providing an alternative explanation for potential failure in evaluating situations. It was hypothesized that highly test-anxious subjects would report anxiety symptoms in a pattern that reflected strategic presentation of symptoms; more specifically, it was predicted that greater reported anxiety should result when anxiety was a viab…
Early adolescents exposed to violence: Hope and vulnerability to victimization
Eighty-nine early adolescents were measured for perceptions of hope, exposure to violence, and perceived vulnerability to victimization. Results showed the presence of high hope, together with a high degree of exposure to violence. The adolescents were about equally divided regarding the nature of their own death, while most predicted a violent death for the "average American." The highest levels of hope were reported by those who had witnessed v…
Psychometric Properties of the Hope Scale: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Research: Measuring Private Prayer: Development, Validation, and Clinical Application of the Multidimensional Prayer Inventory
A theoretically derived, empirically validated multidimensional inventory of prayer is described. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of prayer are measured, including occurrence, weekly frequency, daily frequency, duration, type (adoration, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, reception), and level of faith in the effects of prayer. Results revealed the posited 5 distinct types of prayer, along with acceptable internal consistency, conv…
Adler's psychology (of use) today: Personal history of traumatic life events as a self-handicapping strategy
We investigated the hypothesis that the reporting of a history of traumatic life events may serve as a strategy to control attributions about performance in an evaluative setting (i.e., self-handicapping). Following from Alfred Adler's early theorization in the psychology of use, as well as more recent theory and research on self-handicapping, we predicted that individuals would emphasize the adversity of events and experiences in their backgroun…
Excuse theory: A test of the self-protective role of attributions
The self-serving function of hypochondriacal complaints: Physical symptoms as self-handicapping strategies
The present experiment tested the hypothesis that hypochondriacal individuals commonly use reports of physical illness and symptoms as a strategy to control attributions made about their performances in evaluative settings (i.e., self-handicapping strategies). Specifically, it was predicted that hypochondriacal individuals would report more recent physical illness and complaints and more current physical symptoms in an evaluative setting in which…
The Effectiveness of a Hope Intervention in Coping with Cold Pressor Pain
Hope has been correlated with greater pain tolerance and thresholds and less reported pain severity. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a brief hope-based intervention involving guided imagery and skills instruction aimed at enhancing pain coping skills among university students performing the cold pressor task. The intervention resulted in increased hope among females and increased pain tolerance in all participants. The interve…
Excuses in waiting: External locus of control and reactions to success-failure feedback
On the self-serving function of social anxiety: Shyness as a self-handicapping strategy
We tested the hypothesis that socially anxious or shy individuals use their anxiety symptoms as a strategy to control attributions made about their performances in social-evaluative settings (i.e., self-handicapping strategies). Specifically, we predicted that trait-socially anxious or shy persons would report more symptoms of social anxiety in an evaluative setting in which anxiety or shyness could serve as an excuse for poor performance than wo…
Enhancing the prediction of self-handicapping
Levels of test anxiety, Type A and Type B coronary-prone behavior, fear of failure, and covert self-esteem were studied as predictors of self-handicapping performance attributions for college women who were placed in either a high- (N = 49) or low- (N = 49) evaluative test or task situation. We hypothesized that test anxiety. Type A or Type B level, and their interaction would account for reliable variance in the prediction of self-handicapping. …
Dimensions of favorable self-presentation
Alcohol and the Jews: A Cultural Study of Drinking and Sobriety
The Barnum Effect in a Group Setting
The present study expands the typical Barnum effect paradigm by investigating reactions to feedback in a group setting. People initially participated in a group experience (8 per group), and then were given bogus positive or negative feedback (the favorability manipulation) purportedly prepared by either the group leader or another group member (the source status manipulation). The answerability manipulation led participants to believe that they …
Effects of test anxiety on acquisition, retention, and generalization of a complex verbal task in a classroom situation
Alcoholism and Society
Studies of Drinking in Jewish Culture. II. Prospectus for Sociological Research on Jewish Drinking Patterns
Studies of Drinking in Jewish Culture; IV. Culture and Sobriety. A Study of Drinking Patterns and Sociocultural Factors Related to Sobriety Among Jews. Chapter 1. Jewish Drinking Patterns
Studies of Drinking in Jewish Culture; IV. Culture and Sobriety. A Study of Drinking Patterns and Sociocultural Factors Related to Sobriety Among Jews. Chapter 2. Ceremonial Orthodoxy and Jewish Sobri…
Studies of Drinking in Jewish Culture. IV. Culture and Sobriety. A Study of Drinking Patterns and Sociocultural Factors Related to Sobriety Among Jews. Chapter 4. Ingroup-Outgroup Relations
Studies of Drinking in Jewish Culture. IV. Culture and Sobriety. A Study of Drinking Patterns and Sociocultural Factors Related to Sobriety Among Jews. Chapter 3. Regional Background, Generation and C…
Studies of Drinking in Jewish Culture. IV. Culture and Sobriety; A Study of Drinking Patterns and Sociocultural Factors Related to Sobriety among Jews
Alcohol and the Jews: A Cultural Study of Drinking and Sobriety
Alcohol and the Jews. A Cultural Study of Drinking and Sobriety
Alcohol and Higher-Order Problem Solving
Other: The Papers of Maurice R. Davie . Ruby Jo Rveeves Kennedy (Ed.)
Alcoholism and Society
The Sociology of Crime and Delinquency. Marvin E. Wolfgang , Leonard Savitz , Norman Johnston
Society, Culture, and Drinking Patterns
Alcoholism
Proceedings, Research Sociologists' Conference on Alcohol Problems.
Effects of test anxiety on acquisition, retention, and generalization of a complex verbal task in a classroom situation
Perceived aggression and predicted counteraggression as a function of sex of dyad participants: When males and females exchange verbal blows
Abnormality as a positive characteristic: The development and validation of a scale measuring need for uniqueness.
Need for uniqueness is introduced as a positive striving for abnormality relative to other people. Recent research regarding situational determinants of uniqueness motivation is described, and a dispositional individual-differences measure of need for uniqueness is presented. development of the Uniqueness Scale aims at insuring construct validity as a guide for the item selection. internal reliabilities, item-remainder coefficients, test-retest r…
Effects of degree of interpersonal similarity on physical distance and self‐reported attraction: A comparison of uniqueness and reinforcement theory predictions
A bstract The apparently divergent similarity‐attraction findings of the reinforcement theory and uniqueness theory researchers were investigated by exposing male (N = 45) and female (N = 45) subjects to conditions of slight, moderate, or high similarity relative to one comparison other. Similarity was manipulated by means of a bogus personality and attitude inventory. For the self‐report measures, results consistent with reinforcement theory wer…
Social Aspects of Alcoholism
of Volume 4.- 1 Alcohol Use in Tribal Societies.- 2 Anthropological Perspectives on the Social Biology of Alcohol: An Introduction to the Literature.- 3 Drinking Behavior and Drinking Problems in the United States.- 4 Alcoholism in Women.- 5 Youthful Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Alcoholism.- 6 Family Structure and Behavior in Alcoholism: A Review of the Literature.- 7 The Alcoholic Personality.- 8 Alcoholism and Mortality.- 9 Alcohol and Unintentional…
General and Theoretical: Cross‐Cultural Approaches to the Study of Alcohol: An Interdisciplinary Perspective . Michael W. Everett, Jack O. Waddell , and Dwight B. Heath
Uniqueness: The Human Pursuit of Difference
Attention and the detection of signals.
Detection of a visual signal requires information to reach a system capable of eliciting arbitrary responses required by the experimenter. Detection latencies are reduced when subjects receive a cue that indicates where in the visual field the signal will occur. This shift in efficiency appears to be due to an alignment (orienting) of the central attentional system with the pathways to be activated by the visual input. It would also be possible t…
The Search for Uniqueness and Valuation of Scarcity
The Barnum Effect in a Group Setting
The present study expands the typical Barnum effect paradigm by investigating reactions to feedback in a group setting. People initially participated in a group experience (8 per group), and then were given bogus positive or negative feedback (the favorability manipulation) purportedly prepared by either the group leader or another group member (the source status manipulation). The answerability manipulation led participants to believe that they …
Psychology (69 works) · Social Psychology (48 works) · Optimism, Hope, and Well-being (23 works) · Sociology (23 works) · Social Psychology (20 works) · Developmental psychology (19 works) · Clinical Psychology (18 works) · Psychiatry (17 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Medicine (14 works)