William H Bennett
Biographic Data
| ID | 3842267 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William H Bennett |
| GIVEN NAMES | William H |
| FAMILY NAME | Bennett |
| SIGNATURE | BENNETT W H |
| AFFILIATIONS | BAE Systems (United Kingdom) |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 7 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1946 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Prosodic features in Proto-Germanic
Media and Influence
Word-Indices and Word-Lists to the Gothic Bible and Minor Fragments
Zavist
The Stress Patterns of Gothic
In Gothic, as in Proto-Germanic, primary word stress was fixed on word-initial syllables, including roots, reduplicating syllables, and prefixes; the Gothic negative-pejorative prefix un - appears to have been no exception to the rule. Secondary word stress occurred initially on second immediate constituents of compounds and quasi-compounds; the stress of gudhŨs ‘temple’ and faurhāh ‘curtain’ was not exceptional. Weak word stress fell medially on…
Pre-Germanic /p/ for Indo-European /k w
For no apparent reason, Germanic may reflect a pre-Germanic /p/ where a reflex of IE /kw/ might be expected. The appearance of the /p/-reflexes is sporadic, inconsistent, and wholly unpredictable. All attempts to explain them in terms of phonologically definable processes are flatly contradicted by the reflexes themselves. It is suggested that the problem raised by their apparently capricious behavior is not a matter of phonology per se. Rather, …
The Operation and Relative Chronology of Verner's Law
It is suggested that the voicing process of Verner's Law did not follow the Germanic shift of IE /p t k k w s/, but was part of it. The shift itself was a form of secondary split, the allophones that were formed with less effort becoming respectively / ð g g w z/ and those that were formed with more effort producing /f þ x x w s/: hence IE ∗ dek' - > ∗ teg. - > OE -tig 'decade, -ty', beside IE ∗ dék - > ∗ tex - > OS tehan ‘ten’. Except in initial…
Some Phonologic Effects of Pre-Gothic Juncture
According to the conventional formula, IE /e/ is expected to appear in Gothic as ai /e/ only when bearing primary or secondary stress and occurring before one of the consonants h h r. This formula per se fails to explain Go. ai in reduplicating syllables of preterits like fai-falþ, sai-so, lai-lot , which contain no h , h or r. The evidence presented below suggests that ai in all Gothic reduplicating syllables reflects an exactly definable proces…
Merger and Split in the Pre-Gothic Vowel System: Historic Gothic Ai/Aj, Au/Aw, Iu/Iw
Das Suffix *-inga/-unga in den germanischen Sprachen: Seine Erscheinungsweise, Funktion und Entwicklung dargestellt an den appellativen Ableitungen
The Germanic Evidence for Bartholomae's Law
According to Bartholomae (1885:206–7), when an Indo-European aspirated stop was followed directly by one or more unaspirated obstruents, the aspiration was transferred from the beginning of the cluster to the end, as in the conventionally cited example IE PGk. *pat-skhō > Gk. páskhō ‘I suffer’ beside Gk. páthos ‘suffering, disease’. Bartholomae's formulation stipulates further that the entire cluster became voiced when its first component was voi…
Gotisches Elementarbuch: Grammatik, Texte mit Ubersetzung und Erlauterungen; dritte, umgearbeitete Auflage
The Parent Suffix in Germanic Weak Verbs of Class III
Among the types of weak verbs occurring in Germanic, none has provoked more difference of opinion than that of Class III, and no other has so consistently eluded a believable analysis. As might be expected, most discussions of the subject lean heavily on the evidence provided by Gothic. In Gothic weak verbs of Class III, the most noticeable feature is the occurrence of a in some inflectional forms beside ai in others. Thus the present indicative …
Das Althochdeutsche und die irische Mission im oberdeutschen Raum
The Phonemic Status of Gothic w h q
The Gothic letter that is now usually transcribed as w occurs in the MSS as a cursive form of the Greek majuscule Y. So far as scribal spelling is concerned, this letter creates no complications; it is used consistently and without confusion in both native and foreign words. On the other hand, modern interpretations of Go. w may become fairly complex, involving nuances of pronunciation that the scribes either disregarded or failed to recognize. A…
Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Toimituksia (Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae)
The Southern English Development of Germanic Initial [f s p]
In historical English grammar it is regularly assumed that Gmc. initial [f s þ] became voiced before voiced sounds in southern England at some time in the Old or early Middle English period. For the present purpose, Wright's description of the change is sufficiently representative: ‘The initial voiceless spirants f, s, þ became the voiced spirants v, z, ð in late OE. or early ME. in Kentish and the southern, especially the south-western dialects,…
The Earliest Germanic Umlauts and the Gothic Migrations
In comparative Germanic grammar it is conventionally assumed that IE e eu became respectively PGc. i iu when a high front vowel or glide ( i ī j ) occurred in the following syllable. Apart from differences of opinion regarding the manner in which this development took place, the grammars show very little disagreement on the subject. Nearly all assign the change to Proto-Germanic (or at least pre-Gothic) times, although Schulze in particular has n…
Bibliographia gotica: A Bibliography of Writings on the Gothic Language to the end of 1949
The Germanic Development of Indo-European ē
In comparative Germanic grammar it is a commonplace assumption that IE ē first became æ in Proto-Germanic and then developed into ā in the parent forms of both North and West Germanic. Prokosch, for example, remarks, Two changes [affecting IE long vowels] are generally ascribed to Primitive Germanic: that of ā to ō and of ē to ǣ. The latter is largely a “Phonetic Interpolation”, i.e., the assumption of a transitional stage between ē and ā. In Got…
The Monophthongization of Gothic ái áu
The long-established hypothesis that Gothic ái áu still represented the diphthongs [ai au] in the time of Wulfila is expressed in the writings of such scholars as Jellinek, Streitberg, Braune, and Kieckers. In recent years, however, an increasing number of linguists, including Hirt, Marstrander, Wright, and Mossé, have reached the conclusion that Wulfila's ái áu were no longer diphthongs but had become monophthongized to long open [ε: ɔ:] respect…
The Cause of the West Germanic Consonant Lengthening
[The immediate cause of the lengthening appears to have been the development of new vowels, which came about through vocalization of j w and through generation of transition vowels in conjunction with liquids and nasals. These changes were in turn produced by the operation of stress accent.]
The Southern English Development of Germanic Initial [f s p]
In historical English grammar it is regularly assumed that Gmc. initial [f s þ] became voiced before voiced sounds in southern England at some time in the Old or early Middle English period. For the present purpose, Wright's description of the change is sufficiently representative: ‘The initial voiceless spirants f, s, þ became the voiced spirants v, z, ð in late OE. or early ME. in Kentish and the southern, especially the south-western dialects,…
The Operation and Relative Chronology of Verner's Law
It is suggested that the voicing process of Verner's Law did not follow the Germanic shift of IE /p t k k w s/, but was part of it. The shift itself was a form of secondary split, the allophones that were formed with less effort becoming respectively / ð g g w z/ and those that were formed with more effort producing /f þ x x w s/: hence IE ∗ dek' - > ∗ teg. - > OE -tig 'decade, -ty', beside IE ∗ dék - > ∗ tex - > OS tehan ‘ten’. Except in initial…
Merger and Split in the Pre-Gothic Vowel System: Historic Gothic Ai/Aj, Au/Aw, Iu/Iw
The Earliest Germanic Umlauts and the Gothic Migrations
In comparative Germanic grammar it is conventionally assumed that IE e eu became respectively PGc. i iu when a high front vowel or glide ( i ī j ) occurred in the following syllable. Apart from differences of opinion regarding the manner in which this development took place, the grammars show very little disagreement on the subject. Nearly all assign the change to Proto-Germanic (or at least pre-Gothic) times, although Schulze in particular has n…
The Cause of the West Germanic Consonant Lengthening
[The immediate cause of the lengthening appears to have been the development of new vowels, which came about through vocalization of j w and through generation of transition vowels in conjunction with liquids and nasals. These changes were in turn produced by the operation of stress accent.]
The Monophthongization of Gothic ái áu
The long-established hypothesis that Gothic ái áu still represented the diphthongs [ai au] in the time of Wulfila is expressed in the writings of such scholars as Jellinek, Streitberg, Braune, and Kieckers. In recent years, however, an increasing number of linguists, including Hirt, Marstrander, Wright, and Mossé, have reached the conclusion that Wulfila's ái áu were no longer diphthongs but had become monophthongized to long open [ε: ɔ:] respect…
The Germanic Development of Indo-European ē
In comparative Germanic grammar it is a commonplace assumption that IE ē first became æ in Proto-Germanic and then developed into ā in the parent forms of both North and West Germanic. Prokosch, for example, remarks, Two changes [affecting IE long vowels] are generally ascribed to Primitive Germanic: that of ā to ō and of ē to ǣ. The latter is largely a “Phonetic Interpolation”, i.e., the assumption of a transitional stage between ē and ā. In Got…
Bibliographia gotica: A Bibliography of Writings on the Gothic Language to the end of 1949
The Earliest Germanic Umlauts and the Gothic Migrations
In comparative Germanic grammar it is conventionally assumed that IE e eu became respectively PGc. i iu when a high front vowel or glide ( i ī j ) occurred in the following syllable. Apart from differences of opinion regarding the manner in which this development took place, the grammars show very little disagreement on the subject. Nearly all assign the change to Proto-Germanic (or at least pre-Gothic) times, although Schulze in particular has n…
Suomalaisen Tiedeakatemian Toimituksia (Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae)
The Southern English Development of Germanic Initial [f s p]
In historical English grammar it is regularly assumed that Gmc. initial [f s þ] became voiced before voiced sounds in southern England at some time in the Old or early Middle English period. For the present purpose, Wright's description of the change is sufficiently representative: ‘The initial voiceless spirants f, s, þ became the voiced spirants v, z, ð in late OE. or early ME. in Kentish and the southern, especially the south-western dialects,…
Das Althochdeutsche und die irische Mission im oberdeutschen Raum
The Phonemic Status of Gothic w h q
The Gothic letter that is now usually transcribed as w occurs in the MSS as a cursive form of the Greek majuscule Y. So far as scribal spelling is concerned, this letter creates no complications; it is used consistently and without confusion in both native and foreign words. On the other hand, modern interpretations of Go. w may become fairly complex, involving nuances of pronunciation that the scribes either disregarded or failed to recognize. A…
The Parent Suffix in Germanic Weak Verbs of Class III
Among the types of weak verbs occurring in Germanic, none has provoked more difference of opinion than that of Class III, and no other has so consistently eluded a believable analysis. As might be expected, most discussions of the subject lean heavily on the evidence provided by Gothic. In Gothic weak verbs of Class III, the most noticeable feature is the occurrence of a in some inflectional forms beside ai in others. Thus the present indicative …
Gotisches Elementarbuch: Grammatik, Texte mit Ubersetzung und Erlauterungen; dritte, umgearbeitete Auflage
Das Suffix *-inga/-unga in den germanischen Sprachen: Seine Erscheinungsweise, Funktion und Entwicklung dargestellt an den appellativen Ableitungen
The Germanic Evidence for Bartholomae's Law
According to Bartholomae (1885:206–7), when an Indo-European aspirated stop was followed directly by one or more unaspirated obstruents, the aspiration was transferred from the beginning of the cluster to the end, as in the conventionally cited example IE PGk. *pat-skhō > Gk. páskhō ‘I suffer’ beside Gk. páthos ‘suffering, disease’. Bartholomae's formulation stipulates further that the entire cluster became voiced when its first component was voi…
Some Phonologic Effects of Pre-Gothic Juncture
According to the conventional formula, IE /e/ is expected to appear in Gothic as ai /e/ only when bearing primary or secondary stress and occurring before one of the consonants h h r. This formula per se fails to explain Go. ai in reduplicating syllables of preterits like fai-falþ, sai-so, lai-lot , which contain no h , h or r. The evidence presented below suggests that ai in all Gothic reduplicating syllables reflects an exactly definable proces…
Merger and Split in the Pre-Gothic Vowel System: Historic Gothic Ai/Aj, Au/Aw, Iu/Iw
The Operation and Relative Chronology of Verner's Law
It is suggested that the voicing process of Verner's Law did not follow the Germanic shift of IE /p t k k w s/, but was part of it. The shift itself was a form of secondary split, the allophones that were formed with less effort becoming respectively / ð g g w z/ and those that were formed with more effort producing /f þ x x w s/: hence IE ∗ dek' - > ∗ teg. - > OE -tig 'decade, -ty', beside IE ∗ dék - > ∗ tex - > OS tehan ‘ten’. Except in initial…
Pre-Germanic /p/ for Indo-European /k w
For no apparent reason, Germanic may reflect a pre-Germanic /p/ where a reflex of IE /kw/ might be expected. The appearance of the /p/-reflexes is sporadic, inconsistent, and wholly unpredictable. All attempts to explain them in terms of phonologically definable processes are flatly contradicted by the reflexes themselves. It is suggested that the problem raised by their apparently capricious behavior is not a matter of phonology per se. Rather, …
The Stress Patterns of Gothic
In Gothic, as in Proto-Germanic, primary word stress was fixed on word-initial syllables, including roots, reduplicating syllables, and prefixes; the Gothic negative-pejorative prefix un - appears to have been no exception to the rule. Secondary word stress occurred initially on second immediate constituents of compounds and quasi-compounds; the stress of gudhŨs ‘temple’ and faurhāh ‘curtain’ was not exceptional. Weak word stress fell medially on…
Zavist
Word-Indices and Word-Lists to the Gothic Bible and Minor Fragments
Media and Influence
Prosodic features in Proto-Germanic
Philosophy (16 works) · Linguistics and language evolution (15 works) · History (14 works) · Linguistics (14 works) · Art (8 works) · German (8 works) · Germanic languages (8 works) · Medieval Literature and History (6 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Linguistics and Cultural Studies (5 works)