Jack C Richards
Biographic Data
| ID | 3843757 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jack C Richards |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jack C |
| FAMILY NAME | Richards |
| SIGNATURE | RICHARDS J C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9746-0852 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 149 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Exploring Emotions in Language Teaching
Emotions are an important part of the experiences of both language teachers and language learners, however their role has often been marginalized as a result of the focus on cognitive rather than affective dimensions of language learning within the discipline of Second Language Acquisition. The ‘affective turn’ in applied linguistics has refocussed on how teachers’ and learners’ emotions influence how they manage teaching and learning. This surve…
Teacher Identity in Language Teaching: Integrating Personal, Contextual, and Professional Factors
This article reviews notions of identity and teacher identity, how these relate to the specific characteristics of language teaching, and how teacher identity can evolve or be developed through experience and teacher education. The notion of teacher identity highlights the individual characteristics of the teacher and how these are integrated with the possibilities and potentials provided in the institutional identity of teacher and the content a…
The idea of English in Iran: An example from Urmia
This paper explores the place of English in Iran. To do this, we look at the social presence of English in Urmia (the capital of West Azerbaijan province, Iran). The paper draws on instances of the use of English in different contexts in Urmia, including its use in academia, business, state and private education, media, and people's ordinary lives. The idea of English in Iran is also investigated by studying a cohort of 115 English language learn…
The Changing Face of Language Learning: Learning Beyond the Classroom
There are two important dimensions to successful second language learning: what goes on inside the classroom and what goes on outside of the classroom. While language teaching has always been seen as a preparation for out-of-class uses of language, much of the focus in language teaching in the past has typically been on classroom-based language learning. At the same time the limitations of classroom-based learning have been frequently acknowledge…
Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching
Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching Third edition is an extensive revision of this highly successful book. As in previous editions, both major and alternative approaches and methods are surveyed, with the section on current communicative approaches updated to include new material on CLIL, text and genre-based teaching. The book seeks not only to clarify the assumptions behind these approaches, and their similarities and differences, but a…
Professional Development for Language Teachers: Strategies for Teacher Learning
This much-needed text provides a coherent and strategic approach to teacher development Teacher Development for Language Teachers examines ten different approaches for facilitating professional development in language teaching: self-monitoring, support groups, journal writing, classroom observation, teaching portfolios, analysis of critical incidents, case analysis, peer coaching, team teaching, and action research. The introductory chapter provi…
Curriculum Development in Language Teaching
This text provides a systematic introduction to the issues involved in planning, developing, and managing effective language programs. The paperback edition provides a systematic introduction to the issues involved in developing, managing, and evaluating effective second and foreign language programs and teaching materials. Key stages in the curriculum development process are examined, including situation analysis, needs analysis, goal setting, s…
Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching
This second edition is an extensive revision of this successful text. Like the first edition, it surveys the major approaches and methods in language teaching, such as grammar translation, audiolingualism, communicative language teaching, and the natural approach. The text examines each approach and method in terms of its theory of language and language learning, goals, syllabus, teaching activities, teacher and learner roles, materials, and clas…
Research in Second Language Teacher Education
Teacher Cognition in Language Teaching: Beliefs, Decision-Making, and Classroom Practice. Devon Woods. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Teacher Learning in Language Teaching. Donald Freeman and Jack Richards (Eds.). New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996
Reflection in Second Language Teacher Education
Teaching English as a Foreign or Second Language: A Teacher Self-Development and Methodology Guide. Jerry G. Gebhard. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1996. The Self-Directed Teacher: Managing the Learning Process. David Nunan and Clarice Lamb. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Jack C. Richards and Charles Lockhart. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994
Teachers' Maxims in Language Teaching
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in general research on teaching as well as research on L2 teachers, in the mental images, thoughts, and processes teachers employ while they teach. These mental processes are believed to provide interpretative frames which teachers use to understand and approach their own teaching. This article focuses on the nature and role of teaching principles. Observations of teachers and conversations with …
Resources in Language Teacher Education
Book reviewed in this article: The Practice of English Language Teaching (2nd ed.). Jeremy Harmer. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. H. Douglas Brown. Language Teaching Methodology: A Textbook for Teachers. David Nunan. Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Jack C. Richards and Charles Lockhart
Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms
This text introduces techniques for teachers to explore their classroom experiences and for critical reflection on teaching practices. This book introduces teachers to techniques for exploring their own classroom experiences. Numerous books deal with classroom observation and research, but this is the first to offer a carefully structured approach to self-observation and self-evaluation. Richards and Lockhart aim to develop a reflective approach …
Resources for Applied Linguists and Teacher Educators
The Iliad: A Commentary
This is the third volume in the major six-volume Commentary on Homer's Iliad prepared under the General Editorship of Professor G. S. Kirk. It opens with two introductory chapters: the first on Homeric diction (on which emphasis is maintained throughout the Commentary); the second on the contributions that comparative studies have made to seeing the Homeric epics in sharper perspective. In the commentary Dr Hainsworth confronts in an intentionall…
Conceptions of Teaching and the Education of Second Language Teachers
Teaching is variously defined as a science, a technology, a craft, or an art. Each of these characterizations carries with it defined orientations towards what teaching is, what essential skills it involves, and what teachers must know. They also contribute to defining different approaches to the preparation of teachers. Using a framework proposed by Zahorik (1986) which classifies general conceptions of teaching into three main categories—scienc…
Second Language Teacher Education
Preface Part I. Issues and Approaches in Teacher Educaton: 1. The dilemma of teacher education in second language teaching Jack C. Richards 2. Beyond prescription: the student teacher as investigator Jerry G. Gebhard, Sergio Gaitan and Robert Oprandy 3. Activities and procedures for teacher preparation Rod Ellis Questions and tasks Part II. Investigating Teachers and Learners in the Classroom: 4. Teacher observation in second language teacher edu…
The Language Teaching Matrix
Richards explains how effective language teaching involves a network of interactions between curriculum, methodology, teachers, learners, instructional materials. Each chapter discusses and examines the theoretical and practical dimensions of a central issue in language teaching. Topics covered include the nature of effective teaching, self-monitoring in teacher development, language and content, and teaching listening, speaking, reading and writ…
The Practicum in Tesol
This article reports the results of a questionnaire survey of how the teaching practicum is conducted in U.S. graduate TESOL programs. Information was sought on the objectives of the practicum, the kinds of training experiences and activities employed, and how the practicum is implemented. The results are discussed with reference to key issues in the field of practice teaching in TESOL. The Directory of Professional Preparation Programs in TESOL …
The Dilemma of Teacher Education in Tesol
This article discusses a dilemma in teacher education. On the one hand, there is evidence that changes in teachers' behavior can be brought about through the use of relatively simple training procedures (e.g., minicourses, microteaching). These procedures typically focus on directly observable, low-inference categories, such as wait-time and question patterns. On the other hand, studies of effective instruction have shown that good teaching canno…
Pronunciation Revisited
The Secret Life of Methods
This paper addresses two questions: (1) How do Methods of language teaching differ from one another? (2) What factors are responsible for the spread of Nethods? I hope to demonstrate that while fundamental differences between methods often relate to different views of the nature of language, or to different instructional theories, the reasons for the rise and fall of Methods are often independent of either of these factors. To understand the role…
Learning a second language
Listening Comprehension: Approach, Design, Procedure
This article outlines three dimensions in the teaching of listening comprehension. In approach, it discusses the nature of spoken discourse and offers a theory of listening comprehension that takes into account the processes that listeners make use of. In design, it analyzes learners' listening needs, proposes a taxonomy of microskills, and establishes objectives for teaching these skills. And finally, in procedure, it presents classroom activiti…
English in Hong Kong: Functions and status
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The Role of Vocabulary Teaching
A consideration of the knowledge that is assumed by lexical competence is offered as a frame of reference for assessing vocabulary teaching. Linguistic, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic aspects of word knowledge are examined. These include word frequency, vocabulary growth in native speakers, collocation, register, case relations, underlying forms, word association, and semantic structure. Vocabulary techniques are discussed according to the…
English in Hong Kong: Functions and status
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Listening Comprehension: Approach, Design, Procedure
This article outlines three dimensions in the teaching of listening comprehension. In approach, it discusses the nature of spoken discourse and offers a theory of listening comprehension that takes into account the processes that listeners make use of. In design, it analyzes learners' listening needs, proposes a taxonomy of microskills, and establishes objectives for teaching these skills. And finally, in procedure, it presents classroom activiti…
Pronunciation Revisited
Social Factors, Interlanguage, and Language Learning1
The field of second language learning is shown to encompass the study of interlanguage phenomena, which reflect the conditions under which language is learned and used. These include the processes of language transfer, transfer of training, strategies of learning, strategies of communication, and overgeneralization. Five different contexts for language learning are considered and the results of language learning in each context related to the soc…
Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching
This second edition is an extensive revision of this successful text. Like the first edition, it surveys the major approaches and methods in language teaching, such as grammar translation, audiolingualism, communicative language teaching, and the natural approach. The text examines each approach and method in terms of its theory of language and language learning, goals, syllabus, teaching activities, teacher and learner roles, materials, and clas…
Conceptions of Teaching and the Education of Second Language Teachers
Teaching is variously defined as a science, a technology, a craft, or an art. Each of these characterizations carries with it defined orientations towards what teaching is, what essential skills it involves, and what teachers must know. They also contribute to defining different approaches to the preparation of teachers. Using a framework proposed by Zahorik (1986) which classifies general conceptions of teaching into three main categories—scienc…
The idea of English in Iran: An example from Urmia
This paper explores the place of English in Iran. To do this, we look at the social presence of English in Urmia (the capital of West Azerbaijan province, Iran). The paper draws on instances of the use of English in different contexts in Urmia, including its use in academia, business, state and private education, media, and people's ordinary lives. The idea of English in Iran is also investigated by studying a cohort of 115 English language learn…
The Practicum in Tesol
This article reports the results of a questionnaire survey of how the teaching practicum is conducted in U.S. graduate TESOL programs. Information was sought on the objectives of the practicum, the kinds of training experiences and activities employed, and how the practicum is implemented. The results are discussed with reference to key issues in the field of practice teaching in TESOL. The Directory of Professional Preparation Programs in TESOL …
The Dilemma of Teacher Education in Tesol
This article discusses a dilemma in teacher education. On the one hand, there is evidence that changes in teachers' behavior can be brought about through the use of relatively simple training procedures (e.g., minicourses, microteaching). These procedures typically focus on directly observable, low-inference categories, such as wait-time and question patterns. On the other hand, studies of effective instruction have shown that good teaching canno…
Conversation
Teachers' Maxims in Language Teaching
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in general research on teaching as well as research on L2 teachers, in the mental images, thoughts, and processes teachers employ while they teach. These mental processes are believed to provide interpretative frames which teachers use to understand and approach their own teaching. This article focuses on the nature and role of teaching principles. Observations of teachers and conversations with …
The Secret Life of Methods
This paper addresses two questions: (1) How do Methods of language teaching differ from one another? (2) What factors are responsible for the spread of Nethods? I hope to demonstrate that while fundamental differences between methods often relate to different views of the nature of language, or to different instructional theories, the reasons for the rise and fall of Methods are often independent of either of these factors. To understand the role…
Method: Approach, Design, and Procedure
This paper presents a framework for the systematic description and comparison of methods. The proliferation of new methods in recent years suggests the need for such a model. A method is defined in terms of three levels: approach, design, and procedure. Approach is a theory of language and of language learning. Design is a definition of linguistic content, a specification for the selection and organization of content, and a description of the rol…
Rhetorical and Communicative Styles in the New Varieties of English
New varieties of English have developed in various parts of the world in recent years in countries where English functions as a second. rather than a foreign language. The processes by which distinctive varieties of English develop in such settings are described. The functional and linguistic characteristics of the processes of nativization and indigenization are discussed with reference to several nativized varieties of English. A distinction is…
Simplification: A Strategy in the Adult Acquisition of a Foreign Language: An Example From Indonesian/Malay1
We think of language acquisition as a process in which the child arrives at adult grammar gradually by attempting to match to the speech it hears a succession of hypotheses of an increasing order of complexity ...as these increasingly complex hypotheses become available to the child through maturational change. For phonology this was clearly shown by Jacobson's spectacular discovery that the child learns phonemes in a largely fixed order, which i…
Introducing the Perfect: An Exercise in Pedagogic Grammar
The perfect in English creates problems for both elementary and advanced learners. It is interpreted frequently as an optional alternative to the simple past tense; this interpretation of its function leads to frequent errors of tense usage. Difficulties with the present perfect tense are often reinforced by faulty teaching. The basic uses of the perfect are outlined and contrasted with the functions of the simple past tense. For some meanings of…
Songs in Language Learning
Most children enjoy singing, and songs are often a welcome change from the routine of classroom activity in learning a language. Pleasure for its own sake is an important part of language learning, a fact which is often overlooked by the teacher in his quest for teaching points, or by the course designer focussing on presentation or repetition. Songs make the experience of learning English a child-centered and enjoyable one. Yet the accessibility…
Coverage: What it is and what it isn't
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Some Social Aspects of Language Learning
Language reflects social processes. Different varieties of language reflect different settings for language learning and language use. Aspects of three areas of concern are considered: the learning of English by immigrants, indigenous-minority language issues, and the so-called black English question. These are related to differences in value systems and to particular communication networks for the use of English. Nonstandard dialects are the pro…
Social Factors, Interlanguage, and Language Learning1
The field of second language learning is shown to encompass the study of interlanguage phenomena, which reflect the conditions under which language is learned and used. These include the processes of language transfer, transfer of training, strategies of learning, strategies of communication, and overgeneralization. Five different contexts for language learning are considered and the results of language learning in each context related to the soc…
Simplification: A Strategy in the Adult Acquisition of a Foreign Language: An Example From Indonesian/Malay1
We think of language acquisition as a process in which the child arrives at adult grammar gradually by attempting to match to the speech it hears a succession of hypotheses of an increasing order of complexity ...as these increasingly complex hypotheses become available to the child through maturational change. For phonology this was clearly shown by Jacobson's spectacular discovery that the child learns phonemes in a largely fixed order, which i…
The Role of Vocabulary Teaching
A consideration of the knowledge that is assumed by lexical competence is offered as a frame of reference for assessing vocabulary teaching. Linguistic, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic aspects of word knowledge are examined. These include word frequency, vocabulary growth in native speakers, collocation, register, case relations, underlying forms, word association, and semantic structure. Vocabulary techniques are discussed according to the…
Introducing the Perfect: An Exercise in Pedagogic Grammar
The perfect in English creates problems for both elementary and advanced learners. It is interpreted frequently as an optional alternative to the simple past tense; this interpretation of its function leads to frequent errors of tense usage. Difficulties with the present perfect tense are often reinforced by faulty teaching. The basic uses of the perfect are outlined and contrasted with the functions of the simple past tense. For some meanings of…
Rhetorical and Communicative Styles in the New Varieties of English
New varieties of English have developed in various parts of the world in recent years in countries where English functions as a second. rather than a foreign language. The processes by which distinctive varieties of English develop in such settings are described. The functional and linguistic characteristics of the processes of nativization and indigenization are discussed with reference to several nativized varieties of English. A distinction is…
Conversation
Introducing the Progressive
Producing a sentence is a task of great complexity. Although we usually say what we want without too much difficulty, the ease with which we use sentences in conversation or writing does not reflect the mental planning and organization that goes into them. This article attempts to unravel details of one small part of the system of mental organization that goes into the production of a sentence. It focuses on the progressive, a part of the aspectu…
English in Hong Kong: Functions and status
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Method: Approach, Design, and Procedure
This paper presents a framework for the systematic description and comparison of methods. The proliferation of new methods in recent years suggests the need for such a model. A method is defined in terms of three levels: approach, design, and procedure. Approach is a theory of language and of language learning. Design is a definition of linguistic content, a specification for the selection and organization of content, and a description of the rol…
Learning a second language
Listening Comprehension: Approach, Design, Procedure
This article outlines three dimensions in the teaching of listening comprehension. In approach, it discusses the nature of spoken discourse and offers a theory of listening comprehension that takes into account the processes that listeners make use of. In design, it analyzes learners' listening needs, proposes a taxonomy of microskills, and establishes objectives for teaching these skills. And finally, in procedure, it presents classroom activiti…
The Secret Life of Methods
This paper addresses two questions: (1) How do Methods of language teaching differ from one another? (2) What factors are responsible for the spread of Nethods? I hope to demonstrate that while fundamental differences between methods often relate to different views of the nature of language, or to different instructional theories, the reasons for the rise and fall of Methods are often independent of either of these factors. To understand the role…
Pronunciation Revisited
The Dilemma of Teacher Education in Tesol
This article discusses a dilemma in teacher education. On the one hand, there is evidence that changes in teachers' behavior can be brought about through the use of relatively simple training procedures (e.g., minicourses, microteaching). These procedures typically focus on directly observable, low-inference categories, such as wait-time and question patterns. On the other hand, studies of effective instruction have shown that good teaching canno…
The Practicum in Tesol
This article reports the results of a questionnaire survey of how the teaching practicum is conducted in U.S. graduate TESOL programs. Information was sought on the objectives of the practicum, the kinds of training experiences and activities employed, and how the practicum is implemented. The results are discussed with reference to key issues in the field of practice teaching in TESOL. The Directory of Professional Preparation Programs in TESOL …
The Language Teaching Matrix
Richards explains how effective language teaching involves a network of interactions between curriculum, methodology, teachers, learners, instructional materials. Each chapter discusses and examines the theoretical and practical dimensions of a central issue in language teaching. Topics covered include the nature of effective teaching, self-monitoring in teacher development, language and content, and teaching listening, speaking, reading and writ…
The Iliad: A Commentary
This is the third volume in the major six-volume Commentary on Homer's Iliad prepared under the General Editorship of Professor G. S. Kirk. It opens with two introductory chapters: the first on Homeric diction (on which emphasis is maintained throughout the Commentary); the second on the contributions that comparative studies have made to seeing the Homeric epics in sharper perspective. In the commentary Dr Hainsworth confronts in an intentionall…
Conceptions of Teaching and the Education of Second Language Teachers
Teaching is variously defined as a science, a technology, a craft, or an art. Each of these characterizations carries with it defined orientations towards what teaching is, what essential skills it involves, and what teachers must know. They also contribute to defining different approaches to the preparation of teachers. Using a framework proposed by Zahorik (1986) which classifies general conceptions of teaching into three main categories—scienc…
Second Language Teacher Education
Preface Part I. Issues and Approaches in Teacher Educaton: 1. The dilemma of teacher education in second language teaching Jack C. Richards 2. Beyond prescription: the student teacher as investigator Jerry G. Gebhard, Sergio Gaitan and Robert Oprandy 3. Activities and procedures for teacher preparation Rod Ellis Questions and tasks Part II. Investigating Teachers and Learners in the Classroom: 4. Teacher observation in second language teacher edu…
Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms
This text introduces techniques for teachers to explore their classroom experiences and for critical reflection on teaching practices. This book introduces teachers to techniques for exploring their own classroom experiences. Numerous books deal with classroom observation and research, but this is the first to offer a carefully structured approach to self-observation and self-evaluation. Richards and Lockhart aim to develop a reflective approach …
Resources for Applied Linguists and Teacher Educators
Resources in Language Teacher Education
Book reviewed in this article: The Practice of English Language Teaching (2nd ed.). Jeremy Harmer. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. H. Douglas Brown. Language Teaching Methodology: A Textbook for Teachers. David Nunan. Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Jack C. Richards and Charles Lockhart
Psychology (32 works) · Linguistics (27 works) · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning (22 works) · Mathematics education (22 works) · Philosophy (21 works) · Sociology (20 works) · Pedagogy (18 works) · Second Language Learning and Teaching (14 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Language education (11 works)