Mark Ungar
Biographic Data
| ID | 3846051 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mark Ungar |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mark |
| FAMILY NAME | Ungar |
| SIGNATURE | UNGAR M |
| AFFILIATIONS | The Graduate Center, CUNY |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5046-6146 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 69 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 14 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Enforcing environmental law in the Amazon
This article identifies the underlying obstacles to enforcement of laws against environmental crimes such as illegal logging, mining and ranching. With four departments (provinces) from Colombia as case studies, it assesses enforcement of the country's main environmental law, Law 2111, which is one of Latin America's strongest. The article has four sections. First is the introduction, followed by a methods section that lays out the methodology, c…
The Armed Arena
To explain the high rates of violence in Central America’s Northern Triangle, this article argues that it is rooted in an armed arena comprised of state and nonstate actors with roles in security, ranging from the military to organized crime. In this space of collaboration, those actors bring resources and reap rewards, strengthening their relationships in the process. Of the many activities within the armed arena, one of the most destructive is …
Private Policing
Amid the incapacity of state security forces, the persistence and spread of our era's security challenge – from urban homicide to global terrorism – have also led to an expansion of private policing to combat them. Private security has become one of the fastest growing sectors. Like these challenges, private policing has also diversified, ranging from local community policing groups to wealthy multinational firms. The entry delves into the underl…
Prosecuting Environmental Crime
Why does Latin America struggle to implement even its increasingly strong and broadly supported environmental polices? To answer that question, this article examines the primary tool of enforcement, environmental prosecution, one of the region's newest and most‐innovative developments in policy and institutional reform. It creates an analytical framework that explains how the two pillars of prosecution, the state and the law, are also its two mai…
The Rot Within
This article asserts that the biggest source of corruption in the democratizing world is through connections between the state security sector and the non-state armed sectors, who build on lucrative international trades, state resources, and democracy’s institutional weaknesses. With a focus on Latin America, it creates a framework for understanding this contemporary form of corruption by looking at security structures, the security economy, and …
Reassessing community-oriented policing in Latin America
Community policing in Honduras
Among the regions of Latin America, the northern triangle of Central America – comprising the countries of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras – is at once the most promising and inhospitable places for community policing. The complete overhauls of these three countries’ security system with the peace accords in the 1990s opened up an unprecedented opportunity to re-structure and re-think the idea of citizen security. Each country had a revamped …
Democracy, Law, and Order
Democracy, Law, and Order Mark Ungar (bio) The Judicial Response to Police Killings in Latin America: Inequality and the Rule of Law. By Daniel M. Brinks. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. 289 + xi. $85.00 cloth. Reforming the Administration of Justice in Mexico. Edited by Wayne A. Cornelius and David A. Shirk. San Diego: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego; Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre D…
Community Policing and Latin America's Citizen Security Crisis
Over the past two decades, violent crime has reached record levels throughout the developing world. In Latin America, where a 41 percent rise in homicides in the 1990s has made it the world's deadliest region,1 citizen security has become a major priority in national polls and has contributed to the collapse of five elected governments since 2000. 2 In response, states have pursued a variety of reforms, ranging from new penal codes to restructure…
Global Justice Reform
Global Justice Reform: A Comparative Methodology. By Hiram E. Chodosh. New York: New York University Press, 2005. 240p. $45.00. This book is a greatly needed assessment of the methodologies used to study and implement justice reform. By asking a range of pointed questions on judicial reform whose answers have largely been assumed, Hiram E. Chodosh lays bare basic concepts and debates in order to understand whether they are truly logical, consiste…
Contested Battlefields Policing in Caracas and La Paz
State Violence and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (lgbt) Rights
Most societies, and the governments that represent them, regard lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (lgbt) people to be immoral, decadent, and a threat to public order. Throughout the world, this homophobia long has caused lgbt people to be subject to ''legal'' violence made up of discriminatory laws and practices by state agencies, ''semi-legal'' violence of killing, torture, and harassment by police forces, and extra-judicial violence by ind…
Political Policing
Prison Mayhem Venezuela’s Explosive Penitentiary Crisis
In response to rising poverty and growing crime, the Venezuelan government has been busily shoving its “undesirables” behind prison walls. Massive overcrowding has been the flash point for unprecedented levels of prison violence
Community Policing and Latin America's Citizen Security Crisis
Over the past two decades, violent crime has reached record levels throughout the developing world. In Latin America, where a 41 percent rise in homicides in the 1990s has made it the world's deadliest region,1 citizen security has become a major priority in national polls and has contributed to the collapse of five elected governments since 2000. 2 In response, states have pursued a variety of reforms, ranging from new penal codes to restructure…
Reassessing community-oriented policing in Latin America
State Violence and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (lgbt) Rights
Most societies, and the governments that represent them, regard lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (lgbt) people to be immoral, decadent, and a threat to public order. Throughout the world, this homophobia long has caused lgbt people to be subject to ''legal'' violence made up of discriminatory laws and practices by state agencies, ''semi-legal'' violence of killing, torture, and harassment by police forces, and extra-judicial violence by ind…
Political Policing
The Rot Within
This article asserts that the biggest source of corruption in the democratizing world is through connections between the state security sector and the non-state armed sectors, who build on lucrative international trades, state resources, and democracy’s institutional weaknesses. With a focus on Latin America, it creates a framework for understanding this contemporary form of corruption by looking at security structures, the security economy, and …
Community policing in Honduras
Among the regions of Latin America, the northern triangle of Central America – comprising the countries of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras – is at once the most promising and inhospitable places for community policing. The complete overhauls of these three countries’ security system with the peace accords in the 1990s opened up an unprecedented opportunity to re-structure and re-think the idea of citizen security. Each country had a revamped …
Prosecuting Environmental Crime
Why does Latin America struggle to implement even its increasingly strong and broadly supported environmental polices? To answer that question, this article examines the primary tool of enforcement, environmental prosecution, one of the region's newest and most‐innovative developments in policy and institutional reform. It creates an analytical framework that explains how the two pillars of prosecution, the state and the law, are also its two mai…
Global Justice Reform
Global Justice Reform: A Comparative Methodology. By Hiram E. Chodosh. New York: New York University Press, 2005. 240p. $45.00. This book is a greatly needed assessment of the methodologies used to study and implement justice reform. By asking a range of pointed questions on judicial reform whose answers have largely been assumed, Hiram E. Chodosh lays bare basic concepts and debates in order to understand whether they are truly logical, consiste…
Prison Mayhem Venezuela’s Explosive Penitentiary Crisis
In response to rising poverty and growing crime, the Venezuelan government has been busily shoving its “undesirables” behind prison walls. Massive overcrowding has been the flash point for unprecedented levels of prison violence
Political Policing
State Violence and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (lgbt) Rights
Most societies, and the governments that represent them, regard lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (lgbt) people to be immoral, decadent, and a threat to public order. Throughout the world, this homophobia long has caused lgbt people to be subject to ''legal'' violence made up of discriminatory laws and practices by state agencies, ''semi-legal'' violence of killing, torture, and harassment by police forces, and extra-judicial violence by ind…
Contested Battlefields Policing in Caracas and La Paz
Global Justice Reform
Global Justice Reform: A Comparative Methodology. By Hiram E. Chodosh. New York: New York University Press, 2005. 240p. $45.00. This book is a greatly needed assessment of the methodologies used to study and implement justice reform. By asking a range of pointed questions on judicial reform whose answers have largely been assumed, Hiram E. Chodosh lays bare basic concepts and debates in order to understand whether they are truly logical, consiste…
Community Policing and Latin America's Citizen Security Crisis
Over the past two decades, violent crime has reached record levels throughout the developing world. In Latin America, where a 41 percent rise in homicides in the 1990s has made it the world's deadliest region,1 citizen security has become a major priority in national polls and has contributed to the collapse of five elected governments since 2000. 2 In response, states have pursued a variety of reforms, ranging from new penal codes to restructure…
Democracy, Law, and Order
Democracy, Law, and Order Mark Ungar (bio) The Judicial Response to Police Killings in Latin America: Inequality and the Rule of Law. By Daniel M. Brinks. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Pp. 289 + xi. $85.00 cloth. Reforming the Administration of Justice in Mexico. Edited by Wayne A. Cornelius and David A. Shirk. San Diego: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego; Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre D…
Reassessing community-oriented policing in Latin America
Community policing in Honduras
Among the regions of Latin America, the northern triangle of Central America – comprising the countries of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras – is at once the most promising and inhospitable places for community policing. The complete overhauls of these three countries’ security system with the peace accords in the 1990s opened up an unprecedented opportunity to re-structure and re-think the idea of citizen security. Each country had a revamped …
The Rot Within
This article asserts that the biggest source of corruption in the democratizing world is through connections between the state security sector and the non-state armed sectors, who build on lucrative international trades, state resources, and democracy’s institutional weaknesses. With a focus on Latin America, it creates a framework for understanding this contemporary form of corruption by looking at security structures, the security economy, and …
Prosecuting Environmental Crime
Why does Latin America struggle to implement even its increasingly strong and broadly supported environmental polices? To answer that question, this article examines the primary tool of enforcement, environmental prosecution, one of the region's newest and most‐innovative developments in policy and institutional reform. It creates an analytical framework that explains how the two pillars of prosecution, the state and the law, are also its two mai…
Private Policing
Amid the incapacity of state security forces, the persistence and spread of our era's security challenge – from urban homicide to global terrorism – have also led to an expansion of private policing to combat them. Private security has become one of the fastest growing sectors. Like these challenges, private policing has also diversified, ranging from local community policing groups to wealthy multinational firms. The entry delves into the underl…
The Armed Arena
To explain the high rates of violence in Central America’s Northern Triangle, this article argues that it is rooted in an armed arena comprised of state and nonstate actors with roles in security, ranging from the military to organized crime. In this space of collaboration, those actors bring resources and reap rewards, strengthening their relationships in the process. Of the many activities within the armed arena, one of the most destructive is …
Enforcing environmental law in the Amazon
This article identifies the underlying obstacles to enforcement of laws against environmental crimes such as illegal logging, mining and ranching. With four departments (provinces) from Colombia as case studies, it assesses enforcement of the country's main environmental law, Law 2111, which is one of Latin America's strongest. The article has four sections. First is the introduction, followed by a methods section that lays out the methodology, c…
Political science (13 works) · Law (12 works) · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance (9 works) · Latin Americans (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Law (7 works) · Politics (6 works) · Criminology (5 works) · Economics (5 works) · Public Administration (5 works)