Robert Marx
Biographic Data
| ID | 3936835 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert Marx |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert |
| FAMILY NAME | Marx |
| SIGNATURE | MARX R |
| AFFILIATIONS | San Jose State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7566-5010 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 16 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
How racial‐ethnic, immigration, and 2SLGBTQ + intersectional self‐efficacy of gender‐sexuality alliance advisors shapes youth members' positive experiences
Gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs) provide critical support for 2SLGBTQ+ youth, yet the role of advisors-particularly in their self-efficacy to address race-, ethnicity-, and immigration-related issues, including how these intersect with sexual and gender identity, a construct we term racial-ethnic, immigration, and intersectional self-efficacy (REISE)-remains understudied. This study examined (a) which advisor-, GSA-, and school-related factors a…
Adult Advisor Efficacy to Support LGBTQ+ Youth as a Predictor of LGBTQ+ Youth's Experiences in Gender‐Sexuality Alliances (GSAs) and at School
INTRODUCTION: Many LGBTQ+ youth seek support from adults at school, which can include advisors of Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs; clubs affirming LGBTQ+ youth). Little research has considered how efficacious advisors feel to support LGBTQ+ GSA members, or how advisors' efficacy contributes to LGBTQ+ youth's school experiences. METHODS: = 15.11 years, SD = 1.60; 98% LGBQ+ ; 55% trans/nonbinary; 50% youth of color), we analyzed three-level multil…
Gender-Sexuality Alliance Experiences and LGBTQ+ Inclusive School Policies and Practices Predict Youth’s School Belonging
LGBTQ+ advocacy and inclusive school policies are associated with self-worth among youth in gender-sexuality alliances over the school year
Inclusive school policies and youth advocacy could promote well-being and positive development among youth of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. Utilizing three waves of data over a 6-month period, we tested a three-level multilevel model on the extent to which youth's advocacy in gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs; school clubs affirming youth identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning or with other expansive s…
Youth experiences in gender–sexuality alliances predict academic engagement but not disaffection through social–emotional wellbeing
Experiences in gender–sexuality alliances (GSAs) could predict youth's academic engagement through improved social–emotional wellbeing (indicated by school belonging, hope, and positive and negative affect). This study utilized three waves of data, each spaced 2–3 months apart, among 627 youth (87% LGBQ+, 45% trans/nonbinary, 48% youth of color) ages 11–22 (M age = 15.13) in 51 GSAs in the United States in 2021–2022. Greater peer responsiveness i…
“They won't push me away”: Transgender and gender‐expansive youth of color's perceptions of parental gender‐identity‐specific support
How Gender-Sexuality Alliances cultivate a sense of school belonging from week to week for LGBTQ+ youth
Reluctance to Make a “Blind Faith Jump: LGBTQ+ College Students’ Perspectives on Allies’ Barriers to Preventing Sexual Assault
Campus sexual assault is a significant problem across the United States, and research has indicated LGBTQ+ students are at a greater risk of victimization than their straight-cisgender peers. Furthermore, LGBTQ+ students face unique barriers to help-seeking following an assault, including fear of stigmatizing the LGBTQ+ community. We propose that straight-cisgender allies may act as vigilant bystanders who notice signs of sexual assault and offer…
Gender-Sexuality Alliance meeting experiences predict weekly variation in hope among LGBTQ+ youth
Hope is considered a marker of resilience among youth facing oppression, including LGBTQ+ youth. This 8-week weekly diary study among 94 LGBTQ+ youth (ages 14–19; M age = 15.91, 46% youth of color, 44% transgender or nonbinary) in 2021 considered whether a youth's meeting-to-meeting experiences in Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs; LGBTQ+ affirming school clubs) predicted subsequent hope from week to week. Youth reported greater hope on days follo…
Engagement in Gender-Sexuality Alliances Predicts Youth’s Positive and Negative Affect: An 8-Week Weekly Diary Study
The Elephant in the GSA: Associations Between Discussions of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election and Mental Health Outcomes in Gender-Sexuality Alliances
The 2016 U.S. Presidential election led to a rise in mental health concerns among marginalized youth. We consider how LGBTQ+ and ally youth responded in Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs). In this secondary analysis, we used survey data to assess for associations between frequency of discussions of the election in GSAs and mental health outcomes. We found that youth in GSAs that discussed the election and its sequelae more frequently reported lowe…
Holding the space: Individual- and group-level factors predicting member retention in gender-sexuality alliances
Involvement in extracurricular groups is associated with positive outcomes for youth. Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs) are school-based clubs that may provide benefits to sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth and their allies, yet little is known about what factors predict member retention. The current study explores individual- and group-level predictors of youth's sustained or discontinued membership in GSAs during a school year. Participants…
Understanding nonbinary college students’ experiences on college campuses: An exploratory study of mental health, campus involvement, victimization, and safety
Greater Engagement in Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs) and GSA Characteristics Predict Youth Empowerment and Reduced Mental Health Concerns
Extracurricular groups can promote healthy development, yet the literature has given limited attention to indirect associations between extracurricular involvement and mental health or to sexual and gender minority youth. Among 580 youth (Mage = 15.59, range = 10–20 years) and adult advisors in 38 Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs), multilevel structural equation models showed that greater engagement in GSAs over the school year predicted increase…
Predictors of sexual victimisation and suicidal ideation among transgender and gender-nonconforming adolescents
To better understand the well-being of transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents, this study examined the relations among bias-based peer victimisation, sexual harassment, parental support, school belonging, sexual violence, and suicidal ideation in a sample of a total of 16,292 high school students from the U.S (TGNC n= 610) Midwest. Students completed self-report measures: 22% of TGNC adolescents reported being forced to take part…
Extracurricular Settings as a Space to Address Sociopolitical Crises: The Case of Discussing Immigration in Gender-Sexuality Alliances Following the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election
School-based extracurricular settings could promote dialogue on sociopolitical crises. We considered immigration discussions within gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs), which address multiple systems of oppression. Among 361 youth and 58 advisors in 38 GSAs (19 in 2016–2017/Year 1; 19 in 2017–2018/Year 2), youth in Year 1 reported increased discussions from baseline throughout the remaining school year; differences were nonsignificant in Year 2. In…
Understanding Intersectionality and Resiliency among Transgender Adolescents: Exploring Pathways among Peer Victimization, School Belonging, and Drug Use
Transgender youth experience elevated levels of victimization and may therefore report greater drug use than their cisgender peers, yet little is known about protective factors like school belonging that may mediate this relationship. Further, scant research has explored the experiences of youth at the intersection of transgender identity and youth of color status or low socioeconomic status, especially with respect to these multiple minority sta…
The persistence of policies of protection in LGBTQ research & advocacy
Schools across the United States have taken up the task of ‘protecting’ lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) youth, but their reliance on identity-based antidiscrimination policies may reinscribe power inequities. While previous scholarship critiques and cautions against such protectionist approaches, this paper explores why such policies persist. We argue that research and advocacy efforts persist in upholding protectionist fram…
When Care and Concern Are Not Enough: School Personnel's Development as Allies for Trans and Gender Non-Conforming Students
Trans people-and particularly trans youth-have come to the forefront of political and educational discussions, especially as legislation has aimed to ensure that school personnel act as enforcers of state-level policies targeting trans youth. For this reason, and because research demonstrates that youth in schools form attachments to and receive support from school personnel, our research looks at school personnel's development as allies. By anal…
Gay‐Straight Alliances Vary on Dimensions of Youth Socializing and Advocacy: Factors Accounting for Individual and Setting‐Level Differences
Gay‐Straight Alliances (GSAs) are school‐based youth settings that could promote health. Yet, GSAs have been treated as homogenous without attention to variability in how they operate or to how youth are involved in different capacities. Using a systems perspective, we considered two primary dimensions along which GSAs function to promote health: providing socializing and advocacy opportunities. Among 448 students in 48 GSAs who attended six regi…
When the Center Does Not Hold: Regional Theatre, Decentralization, and Community
Robert Marx, When the Center Does Not Hold: Regional Theatre, Decentralization, and Community, Performing Arts Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2/3, 10th Anniversary Issue: The American Theatre Condition (1985), pp. 99-105
When Care and Concern Are Not Enough: School Personnel's Development as Allies for Trans and Gender Non-Conforming Students
Trans people-and particularly trans youth-have come to the forefront of political and educational discussions, especially as legislation has aimed to ensure that school personnel act as enforcers of state-level policies targeting trans youth. For this reason, and because research demonstrates that youth in schools form attachments to and receive support from school personnel, our research looks at school personnel's development as allies. By anal…
Gay‐Straight Alliances Vary on Dimensions of Youth Socializing and Advocacy: Factors Accounting for Individual and Setting‐Level Differences
Gay‐Straight Alliances (GSAs) are school‐based youth settings that could promote health. Yet, GSAs have been treated as homogenous without attention to variability in how they operate or to how youth are involved in different capacities. Using a systems perspective, we considered two primary dimensions along which GSAs function to promote health: providing socializing and advocacy opportunities. Among 448 students in 48 GSAs who attended six regi…
Understanding nonbinary college students’ experiences on college campuses: An exploratory study of mental health, campus involvement, victimization, and safety
Predictors of sexual victimisation and suicidal ideation among transgender and gender-nonconforming adolescents
To better understand the well-being of transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents, this study examined the relations among bias-based peer victimisation, sexual harassment, parental support, school belonging, sexual violence, and suicidal ideation in a sample of a total of 16,292 high school students from the U.S (TGNC n= 610) Midwest. Students completed self-report measures: 22% of TGNC adolescents reported being forced to take part…
Extracurricular Settings as a Space to Address Sociopolitical Crises: The Case of Discussing Immigration in Gender-Sexuality Alliances Following the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election
School-based extracurricular settings could promote dialogue on sociopolitical crises. We considered immigration discussions within gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs), which address multiple systems of oppression. Among 361 youth and 58 advisors in 38 GSAs (19 in 2016–2017/Year 1; 19 in 2017–2018/Year 2), youth in Year 1 reported increased discussions from baseline throughout the remaining school year; differences were nonsignificant in Year 2. In…
The persistence of policies of protection in LGBTQ research & advocacy
Schools across the United States have taken up the task of ‘protecting’ lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) youth, but their reliance on identity-based antidiscrimination policies may reinscribe power inequities. While previous scholarship critiques and cautions against such protectionist approaches, this paper explores why such policies persist. We argue that research and advocacy efforts persist in upholding protectionist fram…
When the Center Does Not Hold: Regional Theatre, Decentralization, and Community
Robert Marx, When the Center Does Not Hold: Regional Theatre, Decentralization, and Community, Performing Arts Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2/3, 10th Anniversary Issue: The American Theatre Condition (1985), pp. 99-105
Gay‐Straight Alliances Vary on Dimensions of Youth Socializing and Advocacy: Factors Accounting for Individual and Setting‐Level Differences
Gay‐Straight Alliances (GSAs) are school‐based youth settings that could promote health. Yet, GSAs have been treated as homogenous without attention to variability in how they operate or to how youth are involved in different capacities. Using a systems perspective, we considered two primary dimensions along which GSAs function to promote health: providing socializing and advocacy opportunities. Among 448 students in 48 GSAs who attended six regi…
When Care and Concern Are Not Enough: School Personnel's Development as Allies for Trans and Gender Non-Conforming Students
Trans people-and particularly trans youth-have come to the forefront of political and educational discussions, especially as legislation has aimed to ensure that school personnel act as enforcers of state-level policies targeting trans youth. For this reason, and because research demonstrates that youth in schools form attachments to and receive support from school personnel, our research looks at school personnel's development as allies. By anal…
Understanding Intersectionality and Resiliency among Transgender Adolescents: Exploring Pathways among Peer Victimization, School Belonging, and Drug Use
Transgender youth experience elevated levels of victimization and may therefore report greater drug use than their cisgender peers, yet little is known about protective factors like school belonging that may mediate this relationship. Further, scant research has explored the experiences of youth at the intersection of transgender identity and youth of color status or low socioeconomic status, especially with respect to these multiple minority sta…
The persistence of policies of protection in LGBTQ research & advocacy
Schools across the United States have taken up the task of ‘protecting’ lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) youth, but their reliance on identity-based antidiscrimination policies may reinscribe power inequities. While previous scholarship critiques and cautions against such protectionist approaches, this paper explores why such policies persist. We argue that research and advocacy efforts persist in upholding protectionist fram…
Predictors of sexual victimisation and suicidal ideation among transgender and gender-nonconforming adolescents
To better understand the well-being of transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) adolescents, this study examined the relations among bias-based peer victimisation, sexual harassment, parental support, school belonging, sexual violence, and suicidal ideation in a sample of a total of 16,292 high school students from the U.S (TGNC n= 610) Midwest. Students completed self-report measures: 22% of TGNC adolescents reported being forced to take part…
Extracurricular Settings as a Space to Address Sociopolitical Crises: The Case of Discussing Immigration in Gender-Sexuality Alliances Following the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election
School-based extracurricular settings could promote dialogue on sociopolitical crises. We considered immigration discussions within gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs), which address multiple systems of oppression. Among 361 youth and 58 advisors in 38 GSAs (19 in 2016–2017/Year 1; 19 in 2017–2018/Year 2), youth in Year 1 reported increased discussions from baseline throughout the remaining school year; differences were nonsignificant in Year 2. In…
Greater Engagement in Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs) and GSA Characteristics Predict Youth Empowerment and Reduced Mental Health Concerns
Extracurricular groups can promote healthy development, yet the literature has given limited attention to indirect associations between extracurricular involvement and mental health or to sexual and gender minority youth. Among 580 youth (Mage = 15.59, range = 10–20 years) and adult advisors in 38 Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs), multilevel structural equation models showed that greater engagement in GSAs over the school year predicted increase…
Holding the space: Individual- and group-level factors predicting member retention in gender-sexuality alliances
Involvement in extracurricular groups is associated with positive outcomes for youth. Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs) are school-based clubs that may provide benefits to sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth and their allies, yet little is known about what factors predict member retention. The current study explores individual- and group-level predictors of youth's sustained or discontinued membership in GSAs during a school year. Participants…
Understanding nonbinary college students’ experiences on college campuses: An exploratory study of mental health, campus involvement, victimization, and safety
Gender-Sexuality Alliance meeting experiences predict weekly variation in hope among LGBTQ+ youth
Hope is considered a marker of resilience among youth facing oppression, including LGBTQ+ youth. This 8-week weekly diary study among 94 LGBTQ+ youth (ages 14–19; M age = 15.91, 46% youth of color, 44% transgender or nonbinary) in 2021 considered whether a youth's meeting-to-meeting experiences in Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs; LGBTQ+ affirming school clubs) predicted subsequent hope from week to week. Youth reported greater hope on days follo…
Engagement in Gender-Sexuality Alliances Predicts Youth’s Positive and Negative Affect: An 8-Week Weekly Diary Study
The Elephant in the GSA: Associations Between Discussions of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election and Mental Health Outcomes in Gender-Sexuality Alliances
The 2016 U.S. Presidential election led to a rise in mental health concerns among marginalized youth. We consider how LGBTQ+ and ally youth responded in Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs). In this secondary analysis, we used survey data to assess for associations between frequency of discussions of the election in GSAs and mental health outcomes. We found that youth in GSAs that discussed the election and its sequelae more frequently reported lowe…
“They won't push me away”: Transgender and gender‐expansive youth of color's perceptions of parental gender‐identity‐specific support
How Gender-Sexuality Alliances cultivate a sense of school belonging from week to week for LGBTQ+ youth
Reluctance to Make a “Blind Faith Jump: LGBTQ+ College Students’ Perspectives on Allies’ Barriers to Preventing Sexual Assault
Campus sexual assault is a significant problem across the United States, and research has indicated LGBTQ+ students are at a greater risk of victimization than their straight-cisgender peers. Furthermore, LGBTQ+ students face unique barriers to help-seeking following an assault, including fear of stigmatizing the LGBTQ+ community. We propose that straight-cisgender allies may act as vigilant bystanders who notice signs of sexual assault and offer…
Gender-Sexuality Alliance Experiences and LGBTQ+ Inclusive School Policies and Practices Predict Youth’s School Belonging
LGBTQ+ advocacy and inclusive school policies are associated with self-worth among youth in gender-sexuality alliances over the school year
Inclusive school policies and youth advocacy could promote well-being and positive development among youth of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. Utilizing three waves of data over a 6-month period, we tested a three-level multilevel model on the extent to which youth's advocacy in gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs; school clubs affirming youth identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning or with other expansive s…
Youth experiences in gender–sexuality alliances predict academic engagement but not disaffection through social–emotional wellbeing
Experiences in gender–sexuality alliances (GSAs) could predict youth's academic engagement through improved social–emotional wellbeing (indicated by school belonging, hope, and positive and negative affect). This study utilized three waves of data, each spaced 2–3 months apart, among 627 youth (87% LGBQ+, 45% trans/nonbinary, 48% youth of color) ages 11–22 (M age = 15.13) in 51 GSAs in the United States in 2021–2022. Greater peer responsiveness i…
How racial‐ethnic, immigration, and 2SLGBTQ + intersectional self‐efficacy of gender‐sexuality alliance advisors shapes youth members' positive experiences
Gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs) provide critical support for 2SLGBTQ+ youth, yet the role of advisors-particularly in their self-efficacy to address race-, ethnicity-, and immigration-related issues, including how these intersect with sexual and gender identity, a construct we term racial-ethnic, immigration, and intersectional self-efficacy (REISE)-remains understudied. This study examined (a) which advisor-, GSA-, and school-related factors a…
Adult Advisor Efficacy to Support LGBTQ+ Youth as a Predictor of LGBTQ+ Youth's Experiences in Gender‐Sexuality Alliances (GSAs) and at School
INTRODUCTION: Many LGBTQ+ youth seek support from adults at school, which can include advisors of Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs; clubs affirming LGBTQ+ youth). Little research has considered how efficacious advisors feel to support LGBTQ+ GSA members, or how advisors' efficacy contributes to LGBTQ+ youth's school experiences. METHODS: = 15.11 years, SD = 1.60; 98% LGBQ+ ; 55% trans/nonbinary; 50% youth of color), we analyzed three-level multil…
Psychology (16 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Gender Studies (13 works) · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy (13 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Developmental psychology (11 works) · Human sexuality (11 works) · Gender Studies (9 works) · Political science (9 works) · Medicine (7 works)