Bárbara Sommer
Biographic Data
| ID | 4012363 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Bárbara Sommer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Bárbara |
| FAMILY NAME | Sommer |
| SIGNATURE | SOMMER B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Gettysburg College |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 48 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 24 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Jesuit Missionary Cartography of the Upper Amazon, 1689 to 1789, written by Irina Saladin
To Be at Peace: Indigenous Women, Interethnic Marriages, and Cunhamenas in Northwestern Amazonia, 1730-1755
Exogamous marriage among Northwest Amazonian peoples structured exchange networks, interethnic relations, and settlement patterns during eighteenth-century European imperial expansion. Exchange and reciprocity offered a path to social stability within a highly conflictive environment characterized by warfare and slaving. Arawakan, Cariban, and Tukanoan leaders and outsiders, among them men from Belém, the Portuguese capital of the State of Maranh…
Sertão colonial: Expedições amazônicas e o comércio de escravos indígenas (tradução de Márcio Meira e Raduan Van Velthem)
Depois de expulsar seus rivais europeus da Amazônia no início do século XVII, os portugueses começaram a explorar os principais ativos da vasta bacia - os habitantes indígenas. Como aliados, convertidos e escravos, a população nativa fornecia a mão-de-obra e grande parte do tecido social da colônia em desenvolvimento. Enquanto uma variedade de expedições de canoas se aventurava cada vez mais rio acima e seus afluentes em busca de ouro indescritív…
Is Biofeedback through an Intra-Aural Device an Effective Method to Treat Bruxism? Case Series and Initial Experience
Biofeedback was reported as an effective concept for bruxism treatment, through increasing patient's awareness of the habit. During bruxing both ear canals become tighter, therefore, an in-ear device can provide biofeedback. The in-ear device is fitted to the ear canal in physiological status, during bruxing the ear-canal tightens resulting in stress on the canal walls and unpleasant feeling. Subsequently, patients stop their bruxing habit. The a…
The Admirable Adventures and Strange Fortunes of Master Anthony Knivet: An English Pirate in Sixteenth-Century Brazil
In 1591, young Anthony Knivet sailed west from London with the fleet of English privateer Thomas Cavendish bound for the Pacific to capture Spanish ships. En route, they sacked Santos and raided sugar plantations along coastal Brazil. Forced back by brutal weather in the Strait of Magellan, Cavendish, reduced to a single vessel, abandoned 20 sick sailors, Knivet among them, on the island of São Sebastião. Found there by the Portuguese, Knivet, a …
Amazons, Wives, Nuns, and Witches: Women and the Catholic Church in Colonial Brazil, 1500-1822
This study provides a useful synthesis of scholarship on Roman Catholic Church institutions, policies, and values in relation to women in colonial Brazil. Ambitious in scope, it considers the ways in which church authorities, over the course of three centuries, promoted ideal Christian virtues and education for women, enforced expectations for their marriage or seclusion, and insisted on their religious conformity. Each of the six topical chapter…
Why Joanna Baptista Sold Herself into Slavery: Indian Women in Portuguese Amazonia, 1755–1798
In 1780, in Belém, Brazil, Joanna Baptista sold herself into slavery. This article probes Joanna's motives and situates her actions not only in the milieu of slaveholding Brazil, but also in the more specific context of Portuguese Amazonia during the Directorate (1758–1798). Indians, especially former slaves and their descendants, faced forced resettlement and increased labor demands. Joanna's case and contemporary petitions demonstrate how women…
Zoomorphy: Animal Metaphors for Human Personality
We conducted three studies on the use of nonhuman animals as metaphors (zoomorphs) for human personality characteristics. In Study 1 (n = 51) university students rated gender, age, and favorableness of 36 mammal names when applied metaphorically to a person. In Study 2, we searched 14 dictionaries of colloquial English and three dictionaries of animal phrases to locate zoomorphic use of these 36 animal species in describing human personality. In …
The Forbidden Lands: Colonial Identity, Frontier Violence, and the Persistence of Brazil's Eastern Indians, 1750-1830; Landscapes of Power and Identity: Comparative Histories in the Sonoran Desert and…
Book Review| October 01 2008 The Forbidden Lands: Colonial Identity, Frontier Violence, and the Persistence of Brazil's Eastern Indians, 1750-1830; Landscapes of Power and Identity: Comparative Histories in the Sonoran Desert and the Forests of Amazonia from Colony to Republic By Hal Langfur. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006. $68.00 cloth.) By Cynthia Radding. (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. $89.95 cloth; $24.95 paper.) Ba…
Real-Time Polling Technology in a Public Opinion Course
Many instructors face challenges in engaging students in lecture courses. In the fall of 2004, we incorporated innovative, real-time polling technology into an upper-division political science course on Public Opinion. The polling technology channeled students' technological savvy in the service of several pedagogical goals. The technology increased student engagement and reinforced the substance of the course material. It also provided students …
Cracking Down on the Cunhamenas: Renegade Amazonian Traders under Pombaline Reform
The 1750 Treaty of Madrid prompted Portuguese civil and ecclesiastical authorities under Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (later the Marquis of Pombal) to strengthen crown control of the Brazilian Amazon. Pombal's brother, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado, governor and captain-general of the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão, and Bishop Fr. Miguel de Bulhões e Sousa sought to supplant the missionaries, especially the Jesuits, and rein in auton…
Colony of the Sertão: Amazonian Expeditions and the Indian Slave Trade
After expelling their European rivals from the Amazon in the early–seventeenth century, the Portuguese set about exploiting the principal assets of the vast basin—the indigenous inhabitants. As allies, converts, and slaves the native population provided the labor and much of the social fabric of the developing colony. While a variety of canoe-borne expeditions ventured ever farther up the main river and its tributaries seeking elusive gold, harve…
Psychologic Distress and Natural Menopause: A Multiethnic Community Study
Objectives. This study examined the association between psychologic distress and natural menopause in a community sample of African American, White, Chinese, Hispanic, and Japanese women participating in a national women's health study. Methods. A cohort of 16 065 women aged 40 to 55 years provided information on menstrual regularity in the previous year, psychosocial factors, health, and somatic–psychologic symptoms. Psychologic distress was def…
Attitudes Toward Menopause and Aging Across Ethnic/Racial Groups
OBJECTIVE: Attitudes have a potential role to play in the experience of menopause. The objective of this study was to examine the degree to which attitudes toward menopause and aging vary across ethnic groups and menopausal status (ie, premenopausal through postmenopausal). METHODS: More than 16,000 women were interviewed by telephone as part of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. They represented five ethnic/racial groups (African Ame…
Ecological and Typological Characteristics in Early Adolescent Truancy
Personal, family, and setting characteristics associated with truancy were assessed for 25 junior high school truants and 25 nontruants, matched for age, grade, gender, and socioeconomic level. Truants were less likely to live with both parents, had more siblings, and scored lower in academic ability and achievement. They did not differ in attitudes or interests, nor on self-esteem. Truants who graduated four years later were very similar to grad…
The File Drawer Effect and Publication Rates in Menstrual Cycle Research
The file drawer problem refers to a publication bias for positive results, leading to studies which support the null hypothesis being relegated to the file drawer. The assumption is that researchers are unable to publish studies with nonsignificant findings. A survey of investigators studying the menstrual cycle showed this assumption to be unwarranted. Much of the research did not lend itself to a hypothesis-testing model. A more important contr…
Truancy In Early Adolescence
The problem of school absence in the junior high years is described. Incidence of unexcused absence is estimated at about 7% in the United States for adolescents ages 12 through 15. The long-term consequences of truancy for males are greater marginality, less success in the workplace, and an increased likelihood of delinquency and psychopathology. Data for females are sparse. Factors most clearly associated with truancy are low achievement in sch…
What's different about truants? A comparison study of eighth-graders
Reply from Sommer and Sommer
Reply from Sommer and Sommer
Mystery in Milwaukee: Early intervention, IQ, and psychology textbooks
Mystery in Milwaukee: Early intervention, IQ, and psychology textbooks
Le projet a debute en 1960. Il s'agissait d'un programme d'intervention pour des enfants presentant de graves risques d'arrieration mentale
The Effect of Menstruation on Cognitive and Perceptual-Motor Behavior: A Review
The increasing demand of women for a greater role in decision-making capacities and in professional areas raises persistent questions about the effect of menstrual cycle fluctuation on performance. A critical review of research on nonaffective correlates of the reproductive cycle is provided. The methodological problems inherent in such research, such as phase definition, determination of hormonal state, response bias, and generality of results a…
Menstrual Cycle Changes and Intellectual Performance
Test scores of a large number of female college students were studied in an attempt to determine whether there is an association between intellectual performance and phases of the menstrual cycle. No systematic relationships were found. However, subjects using oral contraceptives showed a higher mean performance on all tests than those not using oral contraceptives
Colony of the Sertão: Amazonian Expeditions and the Indian Slave Trade
After expelling their European rivals from the Amazon in the early–seventeenth century, the Portuguese set about exploiting the principal assets of the vast basin—the indigenous inhabitants. As allies, converts, and slaves the native population provided the labor and much of the social fabric of the developing colony. While a variety of canoe-borne expeditions ventured ever farther up the main river and its tributaries seeking elusive gold, harve…
Zoomorphy: Animal Metaphors for Human Personality
We conducted three studies on the use of nonhuman animals as metaphors (zoomorphs) for human personality characteristics. In Study 1 (n = 51) university students rated gender, age, and favorableness of 36 mammal names when applied metaphorically to a person. In Study 2, we searched 14 dictionaries of colloquial English and three dictionaries of animal phrases to locate zoomorphic use of these 36 animal species in describing human personality. In …
Psychologic Distress and Natural Menopause: A Multiethnic Community Study
Objectives. This study examined the association between psychologic distress and natural menopause in a community sample of African American, White, Chinese, Hispanic, and Japanese women participating in a national women's health study. Methods. A cohort of 16 065 women aged 40 to 55 years provided information on menstrual regularity in the previous year, psychosocial factors, health, and somatic–psychologic symptoms. Psychologic distress was def…
What's different about truants? A comparison study of eighth-graders
Real-Time Polling Technology in a Public Opinion Course
Many instructors face challenges in engaging students in lecture courses. In the fall of 2004, we incorporated innovative, real-time polling technology into an upper-division political science course on Public Opinion. The polling technology channeled students' technological savvy in the service of several pedagogical goals. The technology increased student engagement and reinforced the substance of the course material. It also provided students …
Cracking Down on the Cunhamenas: Renegade Amazonian Traders under Pombaline Reform
The 1750 Treaty of Madrid prompted Portuguese civil and ecclesiastical authorities under Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (later the Marquis of Pombal) to strengthen crown control of the Brazilian Amazon. Pombal's brother, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado, governor and captain-general of the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão, and Bishop Fr. Miguel de Bulhões e Sousa sought to supplant the missionaries, especially the Jesuits, and rein in auton…
Truancy In Early Adolescence
The problem of school absence in the junior high years is described. Incidence of unexcused absence is estimated at about 7% in the United States for adolescents ages 12 through 15. The long-term consequences of truancy for males are greater marginality, less success in the workplace, and an increased likelihood of delinquency and psychopathology. Data for females are sparse. Factors most clearly associated with truancy are low achievement in sch…
Why Joanna Baptista Sold Herself into Slavery: Indian Women in Portuguese Amazonia, 1755–1798
In 1780, in Belém, Brazil, Joanna Baptista sold herself into slavery. This article probes Joanna's motives and situates her actions not only in the milieu of slaveholding Brazil, but also in the more specific context of Portuguese Amazonia during the Directorate (1758–1798). Indians, especially former slaves and their descendants, faced forced resettlement and increased labor demands. Joanna's case and contemporary petitions demonstrate how women…
The File Drawer Effect and Publication Rates in Menstrual Cycle Research
The file drawer problem refers to a publication bias for positive results, leading to studies which support the null hypothesis being relegated to the file drawer. The assumption is that researchers are unable to publish studies with nonsignificant findings. A survey of investigators studying the menstrual cycle showed this assumption to be unwarranted. Much of the research did not lend itself to a hypothesis-testing model. A more important contr…
Ecological and Typological Characteristics in Early Adolescent Truancy
Personal, family, and setting characteristics associated with truancy were assessed for 25 junior high school truants and 25 nontruants, matched for age, grade, gender, and socioeconomic level. Truants were less likely to live with both parents, had more siblings, and scored lower in academic ability and achievement. They did not differ in attitudes or interests, nor on self-esteem. Truants who graduated four years later were very similar to grad…
Menstrual Cycle Changes and Intellectual Performance
Test scores of a large number of female college students were studied in an attempt to determine whether there is an association between intellectual performance and phases of the menstrual cycle. No systematic relationships were found. However, subjects using oral contraceptives showed a higher mean performance on all tests than those not using oral contraceptives
The Effect of Menstruation on Cognitive and Perceptual-Motor Behavior: A Review
The increasing demand of women for a greater role in decision-making capacities and in professional areas raises persistent questions about the effect of menstrual cycle fluctuation on performance. A critical review of research on nonaffective correlates of the reproductive cycle is provided. The methodological problems inherent in such research, such as phase definition, determination of hormonal state, response bias, and generality of results a…
Mystery in Milwaukee: Early intervention, IQ, and psychology textbooks
Mystery in Milwaukee: Early intervention, IQ, and psychology textbooks
Le projet a debute en 1960. Il s'agissait d'un programme d'intervention pour des enfants presentant de graves risques d'arrieration mentale
Reply from Sommer and Sommer
Reply from Sommer and Sommer
Truancy In Early Adolescence
The problem of school absence in the junior high years is described. Incidence of unexcused absence is estimated at about 7% in the United States for adolescents ages 12 through 15. The long-term consequences of truancy for males are greater marginality, less success in the workplace, and an increased likelihood of delinquency and psychopathology. Data for females are sparse. Factors most clearly associated with truancy are low achievement in sch…
What's different about truants? A comparison study of eighth-graders
The File Drawer Effect and Publication Rates in Menstrual Cycle Research
The file drawer problem refers to a publication bias for positive results, leading to studies which support the null hypothesis being relegated to the file drawer. The assumption is that researchers are unable to publish studies with nonsignificant findings. A survey of investigators studying the menstrual cycle showed this assumption to be unwarranted. Much of the research did not lend itself to a hypothesis-testing model. A more important contr…
Ecological and Typological Characteristics in Early Adolescent Truancy
Personal, family, and setting characteristics associated with truancy were assessed for 25 junior high school truants and 25 nontruants, matched for age, grade, gender, and socioeconomic level. Truants were less likely to live with both parents, had more siblings, and scored lower in academic ability and achievement. They did not differ in attitudes or interests, nor on self-esteem. Truants who graduated four years later were very similar to grad…
Attitudes Toward Menopause and Aging Across Ethnic/Racial Groups
OBJECTIVE: Attitudes have a potential role to play in the experience of menopause. The objective of this study was to examine the degree to which attitudes toward menopause and aging vary across ethnic groups and menopausal status (ie, premenopausal through postmenopausal). METHODS: More than 16,000 women were interviewed by telephone as part of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. They represented five ethnic/racial groups (African Ame…
Psychologic Distress and Natural Menopause: A Multiethnic Community Study
Objectives. This study examined the association between psychologic distress and natural menopause in a community sample of African American, White, Chinese, Hispanic, and Japanese women participating in a national women's health study. Methods. A cohort of 16 065 women aged 40 to 55 years provided information on menstrual regularity in the previous year, psychosocial factors, health, and somatic–psychologic symptoms. Psychologic distress was def…
Colony of the Sertão: Amazonian Expeditions and the Indian Slave Trade
After expelling their European rivals from the Amazon in the early–seventeenth century, the Portuguese set about exploiting the principal assets of the vast basin—the indigenous inhabitants. As allies, converts, and slaves the native population provided the labor and much of the social fabric of the developing colony. While a variety of canoe-borne expeditions ventured ever farther up the main river and its tributaries seeking elusive gold, harve…
Real-Time Polling Technology in a Public Opinion Course
Many instructors face challenges in engaging students in lecture courses. In the fall of 2004, we incorporated innovative, real-time polling technology into an upper-division political science course on Public Opinion. The polling technology channeled students' technological savvy in the service of several pedagogical goals. The technology increased student engagement and reinforced the substance of the course material. It also provided students …
Cracking Down on the Cunhamenas: Renegade Amazonian Traders under Pombaline Reform
The 1750 Treaty of Madrid prompted Portuguese civil and ecclesiastical authorities under Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (later the Marquis of Pombal) to strengthen crown control of the Brazilian Amazon. Pombal's brother, Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado, governor and captain-general of the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão, and Bishop Fr. Miguel de Bulhões e Sousa sought to supplant the missionaries, especially the Jesuits, and rein in auton…
The Forbidden Lands: Colonial Identity, Frontier Violence, and the Persistence of Brazil's Eastern Indians, 1750-1830; Landscapes of Power and Identity: Comparative Histories in the Sonoran Desert and…
Book Review| October 01 2008 The Forbidden Lands: Colonial Identity, Frontier Violence, and the Persistence of Brazil's Eastern Indians, 1750-1830; Landscapes of Power and Identity: Comparative Histories in the Sonoran Desert and the Forests of Amazonia from Colony to Republic By Hal Langfur. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006. $68.00 cloth.) By Cynthia Radding. (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. $89.95 cloth; $24.95 paper.) Ba…
Zoomorphy: Animal Metaphors for Human Personality
We conducted three studies on the use of nonhuman animals as metaphors (zoomorphs) for human personality characteristics. In Study 1 (n = 51) university students rated gender, age, and favorableness of 36 mammal names when applied metaphorically to a person. In Study 2, we searched 14 dictionaries of colloquial English and three dictionaries of animal phrases to locate zoomorphic use of these 36 animal species in describing human personality. In …
Why Joanna Baptista Sold Herself into Slavery: Indian Women in Portuguese Amazonia, 1755–1798
In 1780, in Belém, Brazil, Joanna Baptista sold herself into slavery. This article probes Joanna's motives and situates her actions not only in the milieu of slaveholding Brazil, but also in the more specific context of Portuguese Amazonia during the Directorate (1758–1798). Indians, especially former slaves and their descendants, faced forced resettlement and increased labor demands. Joanna's case and contemporary petitions demonstrate how women…
Amazons, Wives, Nuns, and Witches: Women and the Catholic Church in Colonial Brazil, 1500-1822
This study provides a useful synthesis of scholarship on Roman Catholic Church institutions, policies, and values in relation to women in colonial Brazil. Ambitious in scope, it considers the ways in which church authorities, over the course of three centuries, promoted ideal Christian virtues and education for women, enforced expectations for their marriage or seclusion, and insisted on their religious conformity. Each of the six topical chapter…
The Admirable Adventures and Strange Fortunes of Master Anthony Knivet: An English Pirate in Sixteenth-Century Brazil
In 1591, young Anthony Knivet sailed west from London with the fleet of English privateer Thomas Cavendish bound for the Pacific to capture Spanish ships. En route, they sacked Santos and raided sugar plantations along coastal Brazil. Forced back by brutal weather in the Strait of Magellan, Cavendish, reduced to a single vessel, abandoned 20 sick sailors, Knivet among them, on the island of São Sebastião. Found there by the Portuguese, Knivet, a …
Is Biofeedback through an Intra-Aural Device an Effective Method to Treat Bruxism? Case Series and Initial Experience
Biofeedback was reported as an effective concept for bruxism treatment, through increasing patient's awareness of the habit. During bruxing both ear canals become tighter, therefore, an in-ear device can provide biofeedback. The in-ear device is fitted to the ear canal in physiological status, during bruxing the ear-canal tightens resulting in stress on the canal walls and unpleasant feeling. Subsequently, patients stop their bruxing habit. The a…
Sertão colonial: Expedições amazônicas e o comércio de escravos indígenas (tradução de Márcio Meira e Raduan Van Velthem)
Depois de expulsar seus rivais europeus da Amazônia no início do século XVII, os portugueses começaram a explorar os principais ativos da vasta bacia - os habitantes indígenas. Como aliados, convertidos e escravos, a população nativa fornecia a mão-de-obra e grande parte do tecido social da colônia em desenvolvimento. Enquanto uma variedade de expedições de canoas se aventurava cada vez mais rio acima e seus afluentes em busca de ouro indescritív…
Jesuit Missionary Cartography of the Upper Amazon, 1689 to 1789, written by Irina Saladin
To Be at Peace: Indigenous Women, Interethnic Marriages, and Cunhamenas in Northwestern Amazonia, 1730-1755
Exogamous marriage among Northwest Amazonian peoples structured exchange networks, interethnic relations, and settlement patterns during eighteenth-century European imperial expansion. Exchange and reciprocity offered a path to social stability within a highly conflictive environment characterized by warfare and slaving. Arawakan, Cariban, and Tukanoan leaders and outsiders, among them men from Belém, the Portuguese capital of the State of Maranh…
Psychology (15 works) · Political science (9 works) · Law (8 works) · Colonialism, slavery, and trade (6 works) · History (6 works) · History of Colonial Brazil (6 works) · Medicine (6 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Clinical Psychology (5 works) · Developmental psychology (5 works)