Paul Henman
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4154835 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Paul Henman |
| NOMBRES | Paul |
| APELLIDO | Henman |
| FIRMA | HENMAN P |
| AFILIACIONES | The University of Queensland |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9923-6587 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 40 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 106 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 39 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1997 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Robodebt cultures and useful idiots
Australia's Robodebt scheme is now internationally infamous for how not to use automation in government. Belying heightened concern with artificial intelligence, Robodebt involved traditional, relatively simple computer algorithms to automate the identification and pursuit of alleged historical welfare debts. Yet, it was based on a false legal premise. This paper argues that rather than a technical failure, Robodebt was intentional, motivated by …
Do social cash transfers bridge the wellbeing gender gap in developing countries? The case of Ghana’s Leap programme
Introduction to the digital welfare state
This article introduces a special issue of the Journal of Sociology focused on critical analysis of the digital welfare state. The digitalisation of welfare policy, institutions and service delivery has led to increased scrutiny, social sorting and surveillance of welfare recipients and other marginalised groups. This collection of papers contributes to current debates about digital welfare using sociological approaches which foreground the role …
Digitally Networked Social Services
Within growing marketisation of publicly funded services, the internet has provided new opportunities for marketing, delivery, and coordination of those services. Using web scraping and hyperlink network analysis techniques, this paper examines the ways in which organisations operating in Australia's evolving National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) system inter-connect online. Social media plays the most important role in the online network. …
Informal third-party actors in street-level welfare decisions
Research on street-level bureaucracy has tended to focus on individual and organisational factors that influence street-level practice. To date, empirical research has insufficiently explored the contribution of wider socio-cultural factors in street-level decision making. Drawing on data from a qualitative study of social assistance in Pakistan, this article examines how cultural patronage practices of sifarish intersect with street-level social…
Digital Social Policy
We undoubtably live in a digitally infused world. From government administrative processes to financial transactions and social media posts, digital technologies automatically collect, collate, combine and circulate digital traces of our actions and thoughts, which are in turn used to construct digital personas of us. More significantly, government decisions are increasingly automated with real world effect; companies subvert human workers to aut…
Building the ‘front door’ within a web ecology
Government webportals are central to governments' web strategy. They are designed to be nodal hubs, or gateways, for encountering government, and as such position government in the online world. Yet the designs of government webportals, particularly their location within wider web ecologies are scarcely studied. In additional to these web ecologies, this paper conceptualises webportals as being located within wider information and institutional e…
Improving public services using artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence arising from the use of machine learning is rapidly being developed and deployed by governments to enhance operations, public services, and compliance and security activities. This article reviews how artificial intelligence is being used in public sector for automated decision making, for chatbots to provide information and advice, and for public safety and security. It then outlines four public administration challenges …
Affording choice
Nowadays, the web offers a world of choice, providing millions of options at the click of a button. Web-based platforms such as Amazon.com and Yelp.com provide users with a range of tools and functionalities to navigate and compare options within a complex and bewildering landscape of choice. Whilst such websites afford users the feeling of objective and ‘free’ choice, it is also clear that the design features and architecture of websites have st…
The structure of the online state
Of algorithms, Apps and advice
Governments across the world have been developing and adopting new digital technologies for about a half of a century to support policy making and service delivery processes. Yet, until recently minimal critical attention has been given to this phenomenon and how it is transforming government. This paper reviews recent research on new and emerging technologies and the associated transformations they have for government policy and service delivery…
Webportal vs google for finding government information on the web
Webportals – websites that operate as front doors or guides into government on the web – are central to government web strategy and presence. However, little is known about their success in enabling people to quickly and accurately access public sector information and services. In these days of Goo gle and generic web search engines, government webportals are not the only way to find government on the web. This paper argues that an effective eval…
Reasonable and necessary’ care
Disability reform in Australia centres on a National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), which aims to provide lifelong, individualised support based on the principle of ‘reasonable and necessary’ care. As a universal rights‐based scheme it represents a historical shift in allocation principles in Australia's disability policy. Nonetheless, attention will be on determining who receives what care given the diversity of personal and family contexts…
Techniques and paradoxes in performing performance measurements
Performance measurement has an implicit performance theory embedded within its practice; performance measurement perforce performs. Performance measurement has a performative effect on performance. Drawing together and building on the various empirical observations from the preceding papers in this collection, this concluding paper firstly examines the circumstances in which performance measurement performs, that is, when it produces ‘authentic’ …
Performing the state
This opening paper outlines the rise of public sector performance measurement and performance governance from New Public Management, its trajectory from an administrative tool for organisational monitoring and management, to its insertion into service performance and accountability, to a policy tool defining policy itself. Four key conceptual ways of approaching public sector performance measurement are outlined, and the significance of understan…
Population health performance as primary healthcare governance in Australia
A range of institutional and financial instruments has been used to drive population health outcomes in primary health care in Australia. However, GP sovereignty and the corporatized nature of general practice have generated major challenges. The core of government reform strategy since 1992 has been the creation and financing of Primary HealthCare Organizations (PHCOs), in various forms, to provide an organizational basis to connect GPs to popul…
Schooling” performance measurement
Performance measurement (PM) in the public sector has progressively broadened to cover the operation of professionals traditionally framed as independent and autonomous. How PM reconstitutes the role and conduct of professionals is critical for understanding contemporary dynamics of policy and governance, and service provider–service user relationships. Building on Lipsky's classic Street-level Bureaucracy, this paper examines the ways in which s…
Models of disability support governance
In many developed countries, the provision of disability services has undergone significant transformations, from institutional to community based care, and from oganisational to personalised funding. Yet delivering disability support remains an ongoing challenge for governments. Specifically, the relative success of different types of disability support governance is convoluted and problematic given the diversity and complexity of disability sup…
Governmentalities of Gov 2.0
Web 2.0 technologies, denoted by their formation of social networks and the co-production of web content by users, have rapidly entered social and economic activities. Internationally, governments are racing to identify ways to utilize Web 2.0 in government. In addition to government reports and taskforces, there is a proliferation of business advice and academic papers variously conceptualizing what so-called ‘Gov 2.0’ might look like. Such deli…
The Politics of Entitlement and Personalisation
Internationally, over the past two decades the theme of personalisation has driven significant reforms within health and social care services. In the Australian context, the principles of ‘entitlement based on need’ and ‘personalisation’ frame the proposed National Disability Long-Term Care and Support Scheme (LTCSS). In this article, we critically examine the interpretations and ambiguities of need and personalisation. We consider the administra…
Making Social Policy “Sexy”
How to stimulate student interest in social policy, while reinforcing its professional significance for social work, remains an understudied topic. This paper reports an evaluation of a teaching intervention that sought to enhance student interest in social policy by: more explicitly connecting social policy with professional social work practice; introducing an assessment exercise that involved visiting Parliament House; and undertaking weekly "…
E-Government and the Production of Standardized Individuality
The history and evolution of governing and the state is inextricably entwined with the history and evolution of what we might retrospectively call ‘information and communications technologies’ (ICTs). From the invention of writing in ancient Sumeria, to the deployment of surveys, paper files and filing cabinets in Victorian bureaucracies, to globally available interactive internet websites, ICTs provide the information infrastructure that both su…
The distributional and financial impacts of the new Australian Child Support Scheme
Sweeping changes to the Australian Child Support Scheme were recently introduced, featuring a dramatically different system for the calculation of child support. The reforms were intended to respond to ongoing concerns about equity and changes in social expectations and practices in gender, work and parenting. The extent to which the new Scheme is ‘fairer’ and will improve the wellbeing of children and their families needs to be tested. Drawing o…
Equivalent Salaries in Five Australian Capital Cities
Over the last decade, the spatial or geographical nature of social and economic indices has proliferated. It is well understood that there are geographical variations in prices, particularly housing prices. What we do not know is relative wages – that is, given a wage in one place, what is the wage to attain the same standard of living in another place. Utilising recent budget standard research, this paper calculates relative salaries for Brisban…
The Social Division of Welfare Surveillance
Electronic surveillance has grown rapidly in recent years. Despite this, surveillance practices and their social products are yet to receive serious attention in the academic field of social policy. Extending Titmuss' classical articulation of the social division of welfare, this article develops the notion of the social division of welfare surveillance to point to the way in which surveillance, compliance burdens and risk management unevenly ope…
The Social Division of Welfare Surveillance
Electronic surveillance has grown rapidly in recent years. Despite this, surveillance practices and their social products are yet to receive serious attention in the academic field of social policy. Extending Titmuss' classical articulation of the social division of welfare, this article develops the notion of the social division of welfare surveillance to point to the way in which surveillance, compliance burdens and risk management unevenly ope…
Targeted
Targeting is increasingly used to manage people. It operates by segmenting populations and providing different levels of opportunities and services to these groups. Each group is subject to different levels of surveillance and scrutiny. This article examines the deployment of targeting in Australian social security. Three case studies of targeting are presented in Australia's management of benefit overpayment and fraud, the distribution of employ…
Of algorithms, Apps and advice
Governments across the world have been developing and adopting new digital technologies for about a half of a century to support policy making and service delivery processes. Yet, until recently minimal critical attention has been given to this phenomenon and how it is transforming government. This paper reviews recent research on new and emerging technologies and the associated transformations they have for government policy and service delivery…
Information Technology and the Governance of Social Security
Recent welfare state developments have emphasized the structure, administration and governance of service delivery. In critically examining these developments, this article advances a governmentality approach to the welfare state that highlights the significance of technology in contributing to the nature and practices of the welfare state. Based on a comparative study of computerization in the social security systems of 13 OECD countries, it dem…
Robodebt cultures and useful idiots
Australia's Robodebt scheme is now internationally infamous for how not to use automation in government. Belying heightened concern with artificial intelligence, Robodebt involved traditional, relatively simple computer algorithms to automate the identification and pursuit of alleged historical welfare debts. Yet, it was based on a false legal premise. This paper argues that rather than a technical failure, Robodebt was intentional, motivated by …
Digital Social Policy
We undoubtably live in a digitally infused world. From government administrative processes to financial transactions and social media posts, digital technologies automatically collect, collate, combine and circulate digital traces of our actions and thoughts, which are in turn used to construct digital personas of us. More significantly, government decisions are increasingly automated with real world effect; companies subvert human workers to aut…
The Politics of Entitlement and Personalisation
Internationally, over the past two decades the theme of personalisation has driven significant reforms within health and social care services. In the Australian context, the principles of ‘entitlement based on need’ and ‘personalisation’ frame the proposed National Disability Long-Term Care and Support Scheme (LTCSS). In this article, we critically examine the interpretations and ambiguities of need and personalisation. We consider the administra…
Reasonable and necessary’ care
Disability reform in Australia centres on a National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), which aims to provide lifelong, individualised support based on the principle of ‘reasonable and necessary’ care. As a universal rights‐based scheme it represents a historical shift in allocation principles in Australia's disability policy. Nonetheless, attention will be on determining who receives what care given the diversity of personal and family contexts…
The distributional and financial impacts of the new Australian Child Support Scheme
Sweeping changes to the Australian Child Support Scheme were recently introduced, featuring a dramatically different system for the calculation of child support. The reforms were intended to respond to ongoing concerns about equity and changes in social expectations and practices in gender, work and parenting. The extent to which the new Scheme is ‘fairer’ and will improve the wellbeing of children and their families needs to be tested. Drawing o…
Schooling” performance measurement
Performance measurement (PM) in the public sector has progressively broadened to cover the operation of professionals traditionally framed as independent and autonomous. How PM reconstitutes the role and conduct of professionals is critical for understanding contemporary dynamics of policy and governance, and service provider–service user relationships. Building on Lipsky's classic Street-level Bureaucracy, this paper examines the ways in which s…
Introduction to the digital welfare state
This article introduces a special issue of the Journal of Sociology focused on critical analysis of the digital welfare state. The digitalisation of welfare policy, institutions and service delivery has led to increased scrutiny, social sorting and surveillance of welfare recipients and other marginalised groups. This collection of papers contributes to current debates about digital welfare using sociological approaches which foreground the role …
Webportal vs google for finding government information on the web
Webportals – websites that operate as front doors or guides into government on the web – are central to government web strategy and presence. However, little is known about their success in enabling people to quickly and accurately access public sector information and services. In these days of Goo gle and generic web search engines, government webportals are not the only way to find government on the web. This paper argues that an effective eval…
Performing the state
This opening paper outlines the rise of public sector performance measurement and performance governance from New Public Management, its trajectory from an administrative tool for organisational monitoring and management, to its insertion into service performance and accountability, to a policy tool defining policy itself. Four key conceptual ways of approaching public sector performance measurement are outlined, and the significance of understan…
Estimating the Cost of Contact for Non-resident Parents
Most Western countries have, for some time, provided income support and/or taxation relief to parents with children in their care. The significant amount of research into the costs of children to couple and sole parent households has been important in assessing and developing family support policies. Changing societal expectations about the level of involvement of fathers in child rearing activities has highlighted the need to understand the cost…
The bane and benefits of computers in Australia’s Department of Social Security
Attempts to establish the extent to which the use of computers in Australia’s Department of Social Security (DSS) has facilitated changes in social security policy and its administration. Bases findings on case studies relating to two new DSS policies, supplemented with documentary evidence. Identifies that computers are used in the DSS for six main purposes ‐ administering, automating, protecting, monitoring and evaluating policy, as well as for…
Computer Technology - a Political Player in Social Policy Processes
The absence of considerations of technology in policy studies reinforces the popular notion that technology is a neutral tool. Through an analysis of the role played by computers in the policy processes of Australia's Department of Social Security, this paper argues that computers are political players in policy processes. Findings indicate that computers make aspects of the social domain knowable and therefore governable. The use of computers ma…
Building the ‘front door’ within a web ecology
Government webportals are central to governments' web strategy. They are designed to be nodal hubs, or gateways, for encountering government, and as such position government in the online world. Yet the designs of government webportals, particularly their location within wider web ecologies are scarcely studied. In additional to these web ecologies, this paper conceptualises webportals as being located within wider information and institutional e…
Techniques and paradoxes in performing performance measurements
Performance measurement has an implicit performance theory embedded within its practice; performance measurement perforce performs. Performance measurement has a performative effect on performance. Drawing together and building on the various empirical observations from the preceding papers in this collection, this concluding paper firstly examines the circumstances in which performance measurement performs, that is, when it produces ‘authentic’ …
Population health performance as primary healthcare governance in Australia
A range of institutional and financial instruments has been used to drive population health outcomes in primary health care in Australia. However, GP sovereignty and the corporatized nature of general practice have generated major challenges. The core of government reform strategy since 1992 has been the creation and financing of Primary HealthCare Organizations (PHCOs), in various forms, to provide an organizational basis to connect GPs to popul…
Making Social Policy “Sexy”
How to stimulate student interest in social policy, while reinforcing its professional significance for social work, remains an understudied topic. This paper reports an evaluation of a teaching intervention that sought to enhance student interest in social policy by: more explicitly connecting social policy with professional social work practice; introducing an assessment exercise that involved visiting Parliament House; and undertaking weekly "…
Computer Modeling and the Politics of Greenhouse Gas Policy in Australia
Computer modeling technologies have increasingly become part of the conduct of science, public policy making, and the practice of politics. Their contribution to the world can be understood as intellectual, scientific, forecasting, governmental, truth production, and political technologies. This article focuses on the ways in which computer modeling has reconfigured the world of politics as illustrated in a case study of the use of economic model…
Myths of Welfare Reform
In Australian welfare reform debate, a range of approaches and policies has been advocated. Regardless of their diversity, I argue that the debate has an unnecessarily narrow framework resulting from the widespread acceptance of at least three welfare reform myths. First, is the idea that the current system is anachronistic and in disrepair. Instead of this narrow focus on welfare policy, I argue that the welfare reform debate must be widened to …
Digitally Networked Social Services
Within growing marketisation of publicly funded services, the internet has provided new opportunities for marketing, delivery, and coordination of those services. Using web scraping and hyperlink network analysis techniques, this paper examines the ways in which organisations operating in Australia's evolving National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) system inter-connect online. Social media plays the most important role in the online network. …
Informal third-party actors in street-level welfare decisions
Research on street-level bureaucracy has tended to focus on individual and organisational factors that influence street-level practice. To date, empirical research has insufficiently explored the contribution of wider socio-cultural factors in street-level decision making. Drawing on data from a qualitative study of social assistance in Pakistan, this article examines how cultural patronage practices of sifarish intersect with street-level social…
The structure of the online state
Computer Technology - a Political Player in Social Policy Processes
The absence of considerations of technology in policy studies reinforces the popular notion that technology is a neutral tool. Through an analysis of the role played by computers in the policy processes of Australia's Department of Social Security, this paper argues that computers are political players in policy processes. Findings indicate that computers make aspects of the social domain knowable and therefore governable. The use of computers ma…
The bane and benefits of computers in Australia’s Department of Social Security
Attempts to establish the extent to which the use of computers in Australia’s Department of Social Security (DSS) has facilitated changes in social security policy and its administration. Bases findings on case studies relating to two new DSS policies, supplemented with documentary evidence. Identifies that computers are used in the DSS for six main purposes ‐ administering, automating, protecting, monitoring and evaluating policy, as well as for…
The expansion of Christianity
In the course of the fourth and fifth centuries, Roman Christianity experienced some divisive arguments, which, even if of small importance when compared with the conflicts raging in the eastern churches, nevertheless allowed certain minorities – such as Manichaeans, Arians and Novatians – to maintain a presence in the city. As early as the mid-fourth century, even before Christianity became the only religion upheld by the state, the bishop of Ro…
E-Justice
Procedural justice, which refers to the fairness of the process of decision making, is contrasted with substantive justice, which refers to the fairness of the outcomes. Extending the work of Mashaw, it is argued that there are six normative models of procedural justice: bureaucracy, professionalism, legality, managerialism, consumerism and markets. Using data from a comparative study of computerization in the social security systems of 10 countr…
Information technology and transformations in social security policy and administration
In this paper we analyse the interactive relationship between technology, administration and policy in social security. Focusing on new and emerging information and computing technologies, we show how they have been shaped and adopted by social security institutions in different countries, and explore their differential impact on recipients and staff, on organizational structures, and on policy and practice. We conclude that similar technologies …
Estimating the Cost of Contact for Non-resident Parents
Most Western countries have, for some time, provided income support and/or taxation relief to parents with children in their care. The significant amount of research into the costs of children to couple and sole parent households has been important in assessing and developing family support policies. Changing societal expectations about the level of involvement of fathers in child rearing activities has highlighted the need to understand the cost…
Computer Modeling and the Politics of Greenhouse Gas Policy in Australia
Computer modeling technologies have increasingly become part of the conduct of science, public policy making, and the practice of politics. Their contribution to the world can be understood as intellectual, scientific, forecasting, governmental, truth production, and political technologies. This article focuses on the ways in which computer modeling has reconfigured the world of politics as illustrated in a case study of the use of economic model…
Welfare Dependency? A Critical Analysis of Changes in Welfare Recipient Numbers
Myths of Welfare Reform
In Australian welfare reform debate, a range of approaches and policies has been advocated. Regardless of their diversity, I argue that the debate has an unnecessarily narrow framework resulting from the widespread acceptance of at least three welfare reform myths. First, is the idea that the current system is anachronistic and in disrepair. Instead of this narrow focus on welfare policy, I argue that the welfare reform debate must be widened to …
Information Technology and the Governance of Social Security
Recent welfare state developments have emphasized the structure, administration and governance of service delivery. In critically examining these developments, this article advances a governmentality approach to the welfare state that highlights the significance of technology in contributing to the nature and practices of the welfare state. Based on a comparative study of computerization in the social security systems of 13 OECD countries, it dem…
Targeted
Targeting is increasingly used to manage people. It operates by segmenting populations and providing different levels of opportunities and services to these groups. Each group is subject to different levels of surveillance and scrutiny. This article examines the deployment of targeting in Australian social security. Three case studies of targeting are presented in Australia's management of benefit overpayment and fraud, the distribution of employ…
Computerizing the welfare state
Although computer technology is central to the operation of the modern welfare state, there has been little analysis of its role or of the factors shaping the way in which it is used. Using data generated by expert informants from 13 OECD countries, this paper provides an indicative comparison of the aims of computerization in national social security systems over a 15-year period from 1985 to 2000. The paper seeks to identify and explain pattern…
Administering welfare reform
Welfare reform as governance reform
This chapter discusses welfare administration, beginning with the argument that welfare reform is governance reform. It notes that a coherent analytical framework is needed in order to supplement a critical understanding of the topic. The discussion then introduces the concept of a Foucaldian governmentality analytic, and demonstrates how it can be applied to welfare reform.
Administering welfare reformInternational transformations in welfare governance
While reforms of welfare policies have been widely analysed, the reform of welfare administration has received far less attention. Using empirical case studies, this book provides significant new insights into the way welfare administration is being internationally transformed. Particular attention is given to the effect on welfare clients, staff and agencies. “Administering welfare reform” presents a critical analysis of governance practices in …
Equivalent Salaries in Five Australian Capital Cities
Over the last decade, the spatial or geographical nature of social and economic indices has proliferated. It is well understood that there are geographical variations in prices, particularly housing prices. What we do not know is relative wages – that is, given a wage in one place, what is the wage to attain the same standard of living in another place. Utilising recent budget standard research, this paper calculates relative salaries for Brisban…
The Social Division of Welfare Surveillance
Electronic surveillance has grown rapidly in recent years. Despite this, surveillance practices and their social products are yet to receive serious attention in the academic field of social policy. Extending Titmuss' classical articulation of the social division of welfare, this article develops the notion of the social division of welfare surveillance to point to the way in which surveillance, compliance burdens and risk management unevenly ope…
E-Government and the Production of Standardized Individuality
The history and evolution of governing and the state is inextricably entwined with the history and evolution of what we might retrospectively call ‘information and communications technologies’ (ICTs). From the invention of writing in ancient Sumeria, to the deployment of surveys, paper files and filing cabinets in Victorian bureaucracies, to globally available interactive internet websites, ICTs provide the information infrastructure that both su…
The distributional and financial impacts of the new Australian Child Support Scheme
Sweeping changes to the Australian Child Support Scheme were recently introduced, featuring a dramatically different system for the calculation of child support. The reforms were intended to respond to ongoing concerns about equity and changes in social expectations and practices in gender, work and parenting. The extent to which the new Scheme is ‘fairer’ and will improve the wellbeing of children and their families needs to be tested. Drawing o…
The Politics of Entitlement and Personalisation
Internationally, over the past two decades the theme of personalisation has driven significant reforms within health and social care services. In the Australian context, the principles of ‘entitlement based on need’ and ‘personalisation’ frame the proposed National Disability Long-Term Care and Support Scheme (LTCSS). In this article, we critically examine the interpretations and ambiguities of need and personalisation. We consider the administra…
Making Social Policy “Sexy”
How to stimulate student interest in social policy, while reinforcing its professional significance for social work, remains an understudied topic. This paper reports an evaluation of a teaching intervention that sought to enhance student interest in social policy by: more explicitly connecting social policy with professional social work practice; introducing an assessment exercise that involved visiting Parliament House; and undertaking weekly "…
Governmentalities of Gov 2.0
Web 2.0 technologies, denoted by their formation of social networks and the co-production of web content by users, have rapidly entered social and economic activities. Internationally, governments are racing to identify ways to utilize Web 2.0 in government. In addition to government reports and taskforces, there is a proliferation of business advice and academic papers variously conceptualizing what so-called ‘Gov 2.0’ might look like. Such deli…
Schooling” performance measurement
Performance measurement (PM) in the public sector has progressively broadened to cover the operation of professionals traditionally framed as independent and autonomous. How PM reconstitutes the role and conduct of professionals is critical for understanding contemporary dynamics of policy and governance, and service provider–service user relationships. Building on Lipsky's classic Street-level Bureaucracy, this paper examines the ways in which s…
Models of disability support governance
In many developed countries, the provision of disability services has undergone significant transformations, from institutional to community based care, and from oganisational to personalised funding. Yet delivering disability support remains an ongoing challenge for governments. Specifically, the relative success of different types of disability support governance is convoluted and problematic given the diversity and complexity of disability sup…
Reasonable and necessary’ care
Disability reform in Australia centres on a National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), which aims to provide lifelong, individualised support based on the principle of ‘reasonable and necessary’ care. As a universal rights‐based scheme it represents a historical shift in allocation principles in Australia's disability policy. Nonetheless, attention will be on determining who receives what care given the diversity of personal and family contexts…
Political science (35 obras) · Law (24 obras) · Economics (23 obras) · Business (21 obras) · Public relations (20 obras) · Computer Science (19 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Social Policy and Reform Studies (17 obras) · Politics (16 obras) · Public Administration (15 obras)